Том 4 № 10 (2025)

This article analyzes various theoretical approaches and criteria for the classification of corruption, where corruption is categorized based on objects, subjects, levels of authority, and territorial scope. Additionally, corruption is examined in its public and private, domestic and international, economic and political, administrative and business forms, and its impact on social relations is assessed as a systemic phenomenon. Furthermore, the article substantiates the necessity of in-depth study of corruption cases and the importance of their comprehensive classification.

This article discusses the issues of forming a team spirit among students and young people through the game of football and developing social adaptation skills. Football is analyzed not only as a sport that strengthens physical health, but also as a means of strengthening interpersonal communication, mutual respect, cooperation and social integration. The article examines the psychological and pedagogical potential of football in developing team spirit in different age groups. Also, the positive impact of football in the process of social adaptation, its role in developing personal responsibility and leadership qualities is substantiated on the basis of scientific and practical examples.

This article examines how traditional somatic idioms — expressions that encode bodily experience such as einen kühlen Kopf bewahren, Schmetterlinge im Bauch haben, or auf den Magen schlagen — undergo semantic realignment in German novels published since ca. 2000. By combining insights from cognitive metaphor theory, historical semantics, and close literary reading, I trace several recurrent tendencies: semantic bleaching and conventionalization, ironic literalization, medicalization and biopolitical re-signification, and pragmatic redeployment as discourse markers. The analysis argues that these changes are not accidental but systematic responses to shifting cultural contexts (biomedicine, digital embodiment, migration, and the aesthetic strategies of contemporary narrators).

В данной работе рассматриваются предпосылки, текущее состояние и перспективы развития технологии сушки дыни в Узбекистане как одного из приоритетных направлений переработки плодоовощной продукции. Проведен анализ агроклиматических и производственных факторов, способствующих росту конкурентоспособности сушёной дыни на международных рынках. Особое внимание уделено вопросам стандартизации, технологической модернизации и диверсификации экспортных каналов.

Ушбу мақолада банкларда кредитлаш жараёнида мижозларнинг молиявий имкониятларини баҳолашнинг назарий ва амалий жиҳатлари таҳлил қилинади. Мижозларнинг молиявий барқарорлиги, даромад манбалари, қарз юки ва молиявий мажбуриятлари асосида кредитга лаёқатлилигини аниқлаш усуллари кўриб чиқилади. Шунингдек, кредит рискларини камайтириш, қарз тўлов қобилиятини аниқлаш ва кредит қарорларини қабул қилиш жараёнида замонавий технологиялар ва статистик усуллар қўлланилиши ўрганилади. Мақолада Ўзбекистон банк тизимида мижозларни баҳолашни такомиллаштириш бўйича тавсиялар ҳам берилади.

Ушбу мақолада хўжалик юритувчи субъектларда молиявий натижалар ҳисобини ва таҳлилини такомиллаштириш масалалари ёритилади. Молиявий натижаларни аниқлаш, уларни таҳлил қилиш ва ҳисоботларда акс эттириш бўйича амалдаги усуллар ўрганилади ҳамда уларнинг самарадорлигини ошириш йўллари таклиф қилинади. Шунингдек, халқаро молиявий ҳисобот стандартлари (IFRS) талабларига мос равишда молиявий натижаларни шакллантириш ва уларни бошқарув қарорларида қўллаш имкониятлари таҳлил қилинади. Тадқиқот натижалари хўжалик юритувчи субйектларнинг молиявий барқарорлигини таъминлаш, фойда ва зарарларни бошқариш ҳамда умумий иқтисодий самарадорликни оширишга хизмат қилиши мумкин.

В статье рассматривается методика планирования аудита экологических аспектов деятельности предприятия. Выделены особенности проведения аудита предприятий, которые загрязняют окружающую среду, проведена детализация экологических показателей как объектов планирования аудита финансовой отчетности. Определены специфичные процедуры планирования аудита экологических аспектов. Предложены критерии качества системы внутреннего экологического контроля, представлена система соответствия видов вредного воздействия на природу, вопросов для оценки надежности системы внутреннего контроля используемых аудитором.

Mazkur maqolada soliq menejmentining mazmun-mohiyati, uning iqtisodiy tizimdagi roli, hamda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida mavjud soliq boshqaruvi tizimini yanada takomillashtirish bo‘yicha asosiy yo‘nalishlar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, soliq ma’murchiligini soddalashtirish, raqamlashtirish jarayonlarini kengaytirish, soliq intizomini oshirish, hamda soliq siyosatida ochiqlik va shaffoflikni ta’minlash masalalari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, xalqaro tajribaga asoslangan holda soliq menejmentini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

Ushbu maqola “Temur tuzuklari”da aks etgan uch asosiy boshqaruv tamoyilini — maslahat (shuro), adolat (adl) va tartib (nizom/intizom) — tizimli tahlil qiladi. Manbashunoslik nuqtai nazaridan tuzukning genezisi va janriy tabiati yoritiladi; so‘ng amaliy boshqaruv mexanizmlarida mazkur tamoyillarning qanday institut va jarayonlar orqali “ishlagani” ko‘rsatiladi. Maqola yakunida tamoyillarning o‘zaro ta’siri va zamonaviy davlat boshqaruvi uchun metodik saboqlar taklif etiladi.

Maqolada onkologik kasalliklarning kelib chiqish sabablari, ularni erta tashxislashning ilmiy asoslari va davolashning zamonaviy usullari tahlil qilindi. Laborator tahlillar, vizual diagnostika, biopsiya hamda genetik testlarning ahamiyati ko‘rsatib o‘tildi. Shuningdek, jarrohlik, kimyoterapiya, radioterapiya, immunoterapiya va personalizatsiyalashgan davolash usullarining samaradorligi yoritildi.

Nowadays, the process of informing society covers economic, political, socio-cultural and other aspects of social life. Therefore, informatization is a multifaceted process in which technical-technological, social, economic-political and cultural aspects are harmoniously combined. Such a society will undergo fundamental changes not only in the sphere of production and technology, but also in its socio-economic and spiritual life.

Ushbu tezis sportchilarda irodaviy xislatlarni shakllantirish jarayonida qo‘llaniladigan samarali usul va vositalarni yoritadi. Sportchining intizomlilik, qat’iyat, sabot, o‘z kuchiga ishonch kabi xislatlarini rivojlantirishda murabbiyning shaxsiy ibrati, mashg‘ulotlarda yaratiladigan murakkab sharoitlar, rag‘batlantirish va intizom choralarining o‘rni ko‘rsatib beriladi. Shuningdek, psixologik tayyorgarlikning uzluksizligi va sportchini musobaqaga ma’naviy-irodaviy jihatdan tayyorlashning ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Natijada, sportchida mustaqillik, ruhiy barqarorlik va g‘alabaga intiluvchanlikni shakllantirish jarayoni samarali tashkil etilishi mumkinligi ta’kidlanadi.

This article explores the role and significance of quality management systems in tourism services. It highlights how service quality influences customer satisfaction, loyalty, and destination competitiveness. The study reviews several internationally recognized frameworks such as ISO 9001, EFQM, TQM, and Green Globe Certification, analyzing their strengths and challenges in the context of tourism. Moreover, it emphasizes the link between quality management, sustainability, and global competitiveness, noting that destinations adopting such systems are more resilient to market fluctuations and environmental challenges. Finally, the article concludes that effective implementation of quality management systems contributes not only to economic benefits but also to cultural preservation and sustainable tourism development.

Hozirgi davrda ta’lim jarayoniga sun’iy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalarining kirib kelishi global miqyosda sezilarli o‘zgarishlarni yuzaga keltirmoqda. Jahonning yetakchi mamlakatlarida — AQSh, Yevropa, Janubiy Koreya va Xitoyda pedagogik oliy ta’lim muassasalari SI vositalarini o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlash tizimiga faol joriy etmoqda. Mazkur texnologiyalar yordamida dars rejalarini ishlab chiqish, test savollarini yaratish, o‘quv materiallarini moslashtirish, talabalarning o‘zlashtirish darajasini tahlil qilish va shaxsiylashtirilgan ta’limni tashkil etish imkoniyatlari keng qo‘llanilmoqda.