SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
90
TEACHING METHODOLOGY FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Nazarova Markhabo Sharibjonovna
Teacher Of Vocational School No. 1 Dangarinsky District.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11664874
Abstract
: This article provides information about the methodology of
teaching biology and the principles of the educational process.
Key words
: Methods of teaching biology, principles, educational
material, educational process, subject, lesson, personality, forms of teaching.
Biology teaching methodology is the science of learning, processes,
principles and laws related to the fundamentals of biology. Knowledge of these
principles and patterns allows the teacher to organize and manage educational
processes related to the school biology course in accordance with the
requirements of the time. The methodology of teaching biology is aimed at an
interdependent presentation of the content of biology subjects, forms of
teaching, methods and tools.
The main objective of biology teaching methods is to provide students
with in-depth knowledge of biological subjects, to develop the content of
subjects, forms of teaching, tools and methods that help them grow as a
comprehensively developed individual. Methods of teaching biology as a science
Any science is related to human research activities, it is aimed at collecting
knowledge about things and phenomena, and the thing being studied is about
the phenomena in full and is aimed at obtaining deep knowledge. The main
function of science is research.
The methodology for teaching biology as a science is aimed at studying
the training, education and development of students related to this science from
a theoretical and practical point of view. The main feature of science is clarity of
purpose, subject of study, methods and forms of knowledge. At the same time, it
is important to know the history of the development of science, the discoveries
that led to its enrichment. The methodology of teaching biology is part of
pedagogical science. For this reason, the goals and objectives facing him arise
from general pedagogical goals and objectives.
The methodology of teaching biology is aimed at applying pedagogical
rules applicable to all academic subjects to biological educational material. In
addition, the methodology of teaching biology includes natural, scientific,
biological, psychological, and pedagogical knowledge. The effectiveness of
teaching biology in the modern period is determined by the acquisition by
students of biological knowledge, skills and qualifications necessary for
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participation in educational, labor and social activities. And they, in turn,
manifest themselves in students’ attitudes toward nature, society and the
individual as a result of upbringing, worldview, and faith. It is expressed by the
level of development, abilities, and desire of students to improve physically and
mentally. The purpose of teaching biology is due to the factors mentioned above.
Knowing the goals of teaching biology gives the teacher the opportunity to
control the educational process.
The objectives of the methodology for teaching biology as a science
are as follows:
1. Determining the place of pedagogical science in the education and
upbringing of students;
2. Develop recommendations for improving school programs and
textbooks and apply them in school practice;
3. Determining the content of educational subjects and the sequence of
studying subjects in accordance with the age of students;
4. Development of teaching methods and organizational forms taking into
account the characteristics of biological subjects;
5. Determination of the necessary equipment for use in the educational
process. The biology classroom is a living area, the organization of an
experimental site, and the designation of full-scale, visual, dynamic, audio, and
video instruments.
Biology is the object of teaching methodology and represents the
educational process associated with this subject. The subject of biology teaching
methodology is the purpose, content, teaching methods, forms of training and
development of students. Research methods for teaching biology:
1. Monitoring the work experience of school teachers and identifying the
positive and negative aspects of their activities;
2. Analysis, synthesis and clarification of unsolved problems of data
collected in this area, and putting forward the necessary working hypotheses for
their solution;
3. Conducting pedagogical experiments in schools and comparing data
obtained in experimental and control classes in order to determine how close
the hypotheses are to the truth;
4. Analyze, summarize and synthesize data obtained from observations and
pedagogical experiments;
5. Based on the information received, create methodological articles,
manuals, as well as review and confirm the opinions developed in public schools.
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Until now, as a result of pedagogical experiments carried out according
to the methodology of teaching biology, “Development of biological concepts”,
“System of forms of teaching in biology”, “Methodology of teaching biology”,
“Development of environmental concepts in biology”, “Development of biological
concepts” have been developed and such theories as “the system of material
resources”, “the system of methodological preparation of biology students of
pedagogical institutions for school work” were introduced into practice.
Depending on the biology subjects taught at school, the subjects “Methodology of
teaching biology” are “Methodology of teaching general biology”, “Methodology
of teaching botany”, “Methodology of teaching zoology”, “Methodology of
teaching man and his health” and, finally, “Methodology teaching." Methods of
General Biology" is divided into special methodological disciplines. The general
methodology of teaching biology covers issues such as purpose, objective,
content, principles, methods, means, forms, history and stages of teaching
biology related to all biological subjects. Special methods are focused on the
content of a particular academic subject, for example, lessons related to the age
of students, extracurricular activities, extracurricular activities, excursions,
organization of practical and laboratory classes, equipment.
Connection of methods of teaching biology with other subjects. The
methodology of teaching biology is closely related to didactics, which is part of
pedagogy. If didactics studies the patterns of students acquiring knowledge,
skills and competencies, develops theories and principles of teaching all
academic subjects at school, then the methodology of teaching biology is related
to biology, developing theoretical and practical issues related to the content.
forms, methods and means of teaching and learning. The methodology of
teaching biology is closely related to psychology.
Because teaching biology is effective only if it corresponds to the age
characteristics of students. For example, due to the instability of the attention of
adolescents, i.e., grades V-VI, a biology teacher during a lesson uses several
techniques to replace students’ activities, and given the specificity of their
thinking, more visual aids. used. In high school, since students' attention has
stabilized and they have developed abstract thinking, it is enough to conduct
classes more in the form of lectures and use one or two methods. The
methodology of teaching biology is inextricably linked with the science of
biology.
It contains the basics of almost all areas of biological sciences: botany,
zoology, human anatomy and physiology, cytology, biochemistry, embryology,
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systematics, ecology, theory of evolution, anthropology, molecular biology.
Correct explanation of the external and internal structure of representatives of
living nature, the connection of life activity with the external environment,
identification of plants, fungi, animals, microorganisms, preparation of micro-
and macropreparations from them, observation of them, conducting
experiments. a good theory from a teacher requires knowledge and practical
training. But the teacher should be well aware that there are important
differences between the school subject of biology and the subject of biology
If the main goal of biology is to create new knowledge through
research into living and dead nature, then the goal of the school biology
curriculum is to give students biological knowledge, that is, biological
knowledge in accordance with their age consists of giving concepts, laws,
theories and their explanation. In a high school biology course, science is not the
science, but the basics of science are the basic information students need. At the
same time, a school biology course is not a “small science”, but biology that
supports the development and education of students. The system of basic
concepts is listed. Methods of teaching biology as an academic subject Methods
of teaching biology occupies an extremely important place in the training of
biology teachers of general secondary, secondary special, and vocational
education. In the process of teaching this subject, the necessary professional
knowledge, skills and qualifications for teaching biology are formed. Naturally,
in pedagogical science, not all knowledge acquired on a subject is given, but its
fundamentals. They consist of educational tasks, a set of specially selected
knowledge taking into account the age and level of training of students. Unlike
science, the main task of educational science is to provide knowledge and
information. Academic science is not an exact copy of science. When creating an
educational subject, students are transferred to the system of knowledge and
experience accumulated by the subject. This is not only a method of collecting
scientific data, but also consists of generalization, clarification of concepts,
systematization of scientific facts and opinions. The educational subject, based
on its main function of providing knowledge and information, is structured
according to a certain procedure. The textbook-methodology for teaching
biology in secondary school is closer to science in its structure and content. In
addition to scientific information, it also contains various opinions aimed at
resolving some controversial issues in science, success or failure of research in
the search for truth. In addition, he creates methodology and methods for
scientific research.
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In the process of theoretical and practical mastery of the methodology of
teaching biology, students are not limited to the structure of the school biology
course, but also to the organization of teaching biology in general education and
secondary specialized vocational institutions, they are introduced to its specific
aspects, and are allowed to do so. developing skills in using methods and means
of teaching biology, as well as acquiring a minimum set of knowledge that
students must master according to the requirements. At the same time, modern
pedagogy, the use of information technology and innovative approaches to
teaching biology create skills.
References:
1. Saidakhmedov N. Pedagogical skills and pedagogical technology. – Tashkent.
MU. 2003.
2. Rizokulovna B.M.T. Methodological manual for teaching biology.
Tashkent.2020.
3. Rizokulovna, B.M.T. (2021). EFFECT OF USING MODERN INTERACTIVE
METHODS IN TEACHING BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES.
4. Golish L.V., Faizullaeva D.M. Design and planning of educational technologies.
Tutorial. Edition "Economy"., 2011.
