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Scientific and theoretical foundations of state youth policy
and youth social adaptation
Azimbek AZIMOV
1
Institute of
Legislation and Legal Policy under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received May 2025
Received in revised form
15 June 2025
Accepted 25 June 2025
Available online
15 July 2025
This article analyzes the scientific-theoretical foundations of
state youth policy, its formation stages, and its role in modern
society. The content, goals, and legal-regulatory bases of youth
policy are examined through a scholarly approach. Additionally,
specific features of implementing youth policy in Uzbekistan,
such as its integration with national values and the focus of
practical programs on social sectors, are especially highlighted.
2181-
1415/©
2025 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol6-iss6/S-pp87-91
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
youth policy,
social policy,
demography,
model,
principles of youth policy,
vertical approach,
horizontal approach.
Davlat yoshlar siyosati va yoshlarning ijtimoiy
moslashuvining ilmiy-nazariy asoslari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
yoshlar siyosati,
ijtimoiy siyosat,
demografiya,
model,
yoshlar siyosati tamoyillari,
vertikal yondashuv,
gorizontal yondashuv.
Ushbu maqolada yoshlarga oid davlat siyosatining ilmiy-
nazariy asoslari, uning shakllanish bosqichlari va zamonaviy
jamiyatdagi o‘rni tahlil etilgan. Yoshlar siyosatining mazmuni,
maqsadlari va huquqiy-
me’yoriy asoslari ilmiy yondashuv
orqali o
‘rganilgan. Bundan tashqari, O‘zbekistonda yoshlar
siyosatini amalga oshirishning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, xususan,
uning milliy qadriyatlar bilan uyg‘unlashuvi hamda amaliy
dasturlarning ijtimoiy sohalarga yo‘naltirilganligi alohida
e’tibor bilan yoritil
gan.
1
PhD student, Institute of Legislation and Legal Policy under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
E-mail:
azimov.azimbek25@mail.ru
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88
Научные и теоретические основы государственной
молодежной политики и социальной адаптации
молодежи
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
молодёжная политика,
социальная политика,
демография,
модель,
принципы молодёжной
политики,
вертикальный подход,
горизонтальный подход
.
В данной статье анализируются научно
-
теоретические
основы государственной молодежной политики, этапы ее
становления и ее роль в современном обществе. Содержание,
цели и нормативно
-
правовая база молодежной политики
рассматриваются с научной точки зрения. Особое внимание
уделяется
специфическим
особенностям
реализации
молодежной политики в Узбекистане, таким как ее
интеграция с национальными ценностями и ориентация
практических программ на социальную сферу
.
INTRODUCTION
Viewing the younger generation as a driving force of social development has laid
the foundation for youth policy formation in many countries. The United Nations played a
pivotal role in this process. During the 1960s to 1980s, the UN adopted a series of
documents that introduced new principles in addressing youth issues. The 1965 UN
General Assembly’s “Declaration on the Promotion among Youth of the Ideals of Peace,
Mutual Respect and Understanding Between People
s” marked the beginning of focused
attention on youth problems. Under UNESCO’s leadership, over a hundred documents
addressing youth issues were adopted. In fact, following UNESCO's initiative, the World
Youth Congress was launched in 1985, and the same ye
ar was declared the “International
Youth Year” by the UN.
Under the UN General Assembly Resolution dated 14 December 1995, a World
Program of Action for Youth was adopted for implementation up to and beyond the year
2000. Subsequently, on January 20, 2000, Resolution 54/120 approved the Lisbon
Declaration on Youth Policies and Programs, based on the outcomes of the 1998 World
Conference of Ministers Responsible for Youth held in Lisbon.
These documents continue to serve as an international and national legal
framework for ensuring the effective participation of youth and youth organizations in
societal life.
Theoretical approaches to youth policy implementation
Youth policy implementation requires a blend of vertical, horizontal, intersectoral,
and interdisciplinary approaches. These frameworks ensure collaboration among various
government levels, systems, sectors, sciences, and social institutions.
•
Vertical approach (theory)
involves implementing policy in a harmonized
manner from the central to local governance levels. Strategic national youth
policies are adapted to local contexts and implemented accordingly.
•
Horizontal approach (theory)
reflects collaboration between government
bodies, non-profit organizations, civil society institutions, and the private sector.
Ministries of education, health, employment, culture, and sports coordinate efforts
to address youth problems comprehensively.
•
Intersectoral approach (theory)
refers to the integration of economic, social, and
political sectors in youth policy execution. It brings together education, healthcare,
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crime prevention, ecology, and ICT to address youth issues through extensive
cooperation.
•
Interdisciplinary approach (theory)
involves using knowledge and methods
from multiple sciences
—
sociology, pedagogy, psychology, law, economics, political
science
—
to create evidence-based strategies for youth development.
Each of these theories holds individual value, and their combination forms an
effective and beneficial strategy for youth engagement.
Youth policy in Uzbekistan
In Uzbekistan, youth policy is among the highest priorities of the state. It was
formulated based on the “Uzbek model” of national development and underpinn
ed by a
solid legal framework.
Youth policy refers to a system of measures implemented by the state to facilitate
the social integration and self-realization of youth in alignment with national interests. It
supports the country’s development, competitiven
ess, and national security.
This policy forms a part of the internal policy and is aimed at aligning state-youth
relations.
The main objective of Uzbekistan’s youth policy is to create socioeconomic, legal,
and organizational conditions for the social formation and development of young people.
As Kirnitsky emphasizes, youth represent a social-demographic group
distinguished by age-related characteristics, a specific social status, and a dynamic
cultural and social identity. Youth are active agents in the socialization process, shaping
their personal and collective identities through social norms and cultural values. “Modern
age boundaries” of youth are defined not just biologically but also socially and culturally.
In today’s society, young people occupy inc
reasingly complex social roles and actively
contribute to societal transformation. Therefore, youth should be viewed as a vital
segment of society with specific interactions and roles in the social system.
According to sociologist Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi, youth form one of the most
cohesive and influential social groups. Targeted investments in education, science, and
moral development play a key role in enhancing youth capacity and enabling their active
engagement in economic, social, and cultural life. Thus, creating suitable conditions for
youth development is vital for societal well-being.
Youth participation in defining youth policy is essential. International experience
shows that involving youth representatives from NGOs and the private sector in
policymaking has been a critical success factor. Young people are best positioned to
understand the needs and interests of their peers.
Before examining the unique features of youth policy in modern Uzbekistan, key
conceptual categories -
such as “Youth
Policy”, “Models of Youth Policy”, “Principles of
Youth Policy”, and “Subjects and Objects of Youth Policy”
- should be clearly defined, and
the methodological tools of political science applied.
Methodology is a critical component of any scientific discipline. Political science
methodology includes the methods and approaches used, their history, significance, and
function. In studying youth policy, one must refer to broader political categories such as
state policy, social policy, and youth policy.
This analytical framework allows for a comprehensive understanding of the
structure and elements of youth policy. Since becoming an official policy priority, the
concept of youth policy has gained institutional recognition in the social sciences.
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Since the early 1990s, both broad and narrow interpretations of youth policy have
been widely discussed. The concept has evolved, playing an important role at both state
and societal levels, particularly in promoting social justice, equality, opportunity, and
youth engagement.
Documents like the UN’s “Youth Declaration” and the European Union’s youth
strategy reflect the global scope of youth policy. The UN defines youth policy as an
integral part of state activity aimed at comprehensive youth development.
Youth policy is not limited to government institutions. It also includes political
parties, social movements, civil society institutions, and other entities concerned with
youth issues.
As noted by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev: “Youth education has always been
important and relevant. However, in the 21st century, it is becoming a matter of life and
death”. His early presidential efforts made youth policy one of the country’s top strategic
priorities.
Youth play a crucial role in the nation’s future. Literature highlights that “the
greatness of a nation is closely linked to its awareness of national identity, political
maturity, and unity”.
Historical context
In ancient Rome, the average life expectancy was 27 years. In early 19th-century
England, 12-year-olds were legally treated as adults under labor laws. In late 19th-
century Russia, average life expectancy was around 48 years.
After Uzbekistan’s independence, youth policy retained its relevance. On 20
November 1991, the country adopted the Law “On t
he Fundamentals of State Youth
Policy in the Republic of Uzbekistan.” This law laid the legal foundation for youth policy
during the early independence years, ensuring protection of youth rights, access to
education, healthcare, social support, vocational training, and employment.
It also defined the state’s responsibility for youth development and integration
into social life. Youth policy became a major pillar of Uzbekistan’s subsequent national
reforms.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the essence of state youth policy lies in fostering young generations
as contributors to societal development. Achieving this requires a systematic, phased
approach based on the theoretical frameworks mentioned above and built around
meaningful dialogue with youth. Today’s youth a
re agile, influential, and capable of
driving change-making their effective development a national imperative.
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