Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/socinov/index
The use of realia and authentic materials in task-based reading
activities
Malika KHIDIROVA
1
, Shakhnoza NASHIROVA
2
Karshi State University
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received April 2021
Received in revised form
20 April 2021
Accepted 15 May 2021
Available online
25 June 2021
In recent years, many researchers have been paying more and
more attention to developing a methodology for teaching a
foreign language using realia (real objects) and authentic
materials: newspapers, television, internet, and technology in
teaching English as a foreign language. Authentic materials are
borrowed from the everyday and professional life of native
speakers and carrying reliable linguistic and cultural information
in the field of the studied profession, in particular, include news
articles. Realia can include things like photographs, garments,
and kitchen objects. Obviously, real objects will allow activities
to increase the motivation of students, to contribute to the
fulfillment of the task. This article discusses the use of realia and
authentic materials in task-based reading activities.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
authentic materials,
realia,
newspapers,
television,
news article,
internet,
reading,
teaching foreign language.
Vazifaga asoslangan o‘qish mashqlarida realiya va autentik
materiallardan foydalanish
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
autentik materiallar,
realiyalar,
gazetalar,
televidenie,
yangiliklar,
internet,
o‘qish,
chet tilini o‘qitish.
So‘nggi yillarda ko‘plab tadqiqotchilar ingliz tilini chet tili
sifatida o‘qitishda realiya (real obyektlar) va autentik
materiallar: gazetalar, televidenie, internet va texnologiyalardan
foydalangan holda chet tilini o‘qitish metodikasini ishlab
chiqishga ko‘proq e’tibor qaratmoqdalar. Autentik materiallar
so‘zlashuvchilarning kundalik va kasbiy hayotidan olinadi va
o‘rganilayotgan kasb sohasidagi ishonchli lingvistik va madaniy
ma’lumotlarga ega, xususan, yangilik maqolalarini o‘z ichiga
oladi. Realiya fotosuratlar, kiyim-kechak va oshxona buyumlari
1
Student, Karshi State University. Karshi, Uzbekistan.
E-mail: malikakhidirova@mail.ru.
2
Lecturer, Karshi State University. Karshi, Uzbekistan.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
326
kabi narsalarni o‘z ichiga olishi mumkin. Shubhasiz, realia
talabalarning motivatsiyasini oshirishga, vazifani bajarishga
hissa qo‘shishga imkon beradi. Ushbu maqolada realiya va
authentik materiallardan vazifaga asoslangan o‘qish mashq-
larida foydalanish muhokama qilinadi.
Использование реалий и аутентичных материалов в
упражнениях по чтению
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
аутентичные материалы,
реалии,
газеты,
телевидение,
новостная статья,
интернет,
чтение, обучение
иностранному языку.
В последние годы многие исследователи уделяют все
больше внимания разработке методологии обучения
иностранному языку с использованием реалий (реальных
объектов) и аутентичных материалов: газет, телевидения,
интернета и технологий в преподавании английского языка
как иностранного. Аутентичные материалы заимствованы
из повседневной и профессиональной жизни носителей
языка и несут достоверную лингвистическую и культурную
информацию в области изучаемой профессии, в частности,
включают новостные статьи. Реалий может включать в себя
такие вещи, как фотографии, одежда и кухонные предметы.
Очевидно, что реальные предметы позволят занятиям
повысить
мотивацию
студентов,
поспособствовать
выполнению поставленной задачи. В этой статье
обсуждается использование реалий и аутентичных
материалов в задачах чтения.
Nowadays, there are no doubts that as an opportunity employment of students and
their future career largely depend, including on the level of English proficiency and other
foreign languages. At the present stage of development of society, the concept of
“competitive specialist” in any fields is entirely related to the mastery of foreign languages
by students and specifically the language of their specialty. This objective requirement is
explained by the fact that proficiency in a foreign language is seen as a means of successful
professional activity. Knowledge and possession of one or two foreign languages gives the
student the opportunity not only to receive professionally significant information, but also
to learn the peculiarities of the culture and traditions of the country of the target language,
to expand their own horizons, to form the ability to make new, independent, non-standard
decisions, to undergo advanced training in the country of the studied language.
In recent years, many researchers have been paying more and more attention to
developing a methodology for teaching a foreign language using realia (real objects) and
authentic materials: newspapers, television, internet, technology in teaching English as a
foreign language.
Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics defines
authentic materials as “Materials that were not originally developed for pedagogical
purposes, then there are such as magazines, newspapers, advertisements, news or songs”.
According to Balic, introducing students to real language through authentic materials are
very helpful [1]. Authentic reading texts borrowed from the everyday and professional life
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
327
of native speakers and carrying reliable linguistic and cultural information in the field of
the studied profession, in particular, include news articles. These kinds of texts allow
students to carry out constant monitoring of the most significant, interesting events in a
particular area of reality.
Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics defines realia as
“real subjects and items that are brought to class as examples or as aids, which can be
talked about or written about and used in teaching. Realia can include things like
photographs, garments, and kitchen objects” [2]. Obviously, real objects will allow
activities to liven up and to increase the motivation of students, to contribute to the
fulfillment of the task. Many teachers agree that real objects are attractive, students
express great interest when they have the opportunity to hold or touch something, such as
a roadmap or a holiday brochure [3]. Flyers, handbills advertising current offers stores,
company information brochures attract our attention and increase our motivation.
Moreover, teachers can invite students to explore culture through “Virtual realities”
that represent a digitized form of an object target culture. When planning a lesson about
cities, you can take city maps in tourist information center or find an online map such as
Google Maps to explore a specific area in detail. With this assignment, students can practice
both using colloquial phrases and learning culture. Using Google Maps, students can
explore the streets of different cities, compare road signs and buildings, look into a
restaurant or shop, and compare the interior. If we take London as an example, then using
Google Maps students will see the words LOOK LEFT and LOOK RIGHT printed in capital
letters on the road surface, as in London a left-hand drive traffic and many tourists are
often confused when crossing the road. Students can enjoy the perfect street layout in
Manhattan or explore how looks like public transport and other vehicles in different
countries, for example, in the US and UK, and compare them with those they are used to
see at home. Comparing and contrasting architecture and street signs, sightseeing and
planning a virtual city tour, students will be able to better understand the culture and
behavior of other people, and therefore, will be more prepared to deal with intercultural
problems.
We know that an ordinary study room for foreign language classes is not the always
perfect place to learn more about the various establishments catering and cuisines of the
peoples of the world. Therefore, to make it more authentic and strengthen the connection
with the real, we can invite students to explore menu options from all over the world. If
paper copies of a restaurant menu are not always it is possible to use, then study the menu
and compare the reviews provided by travelers on Trip Advisor it is easy and accessible.
In order to give recommendations, students can read and write and post their reviews of
local cafes or the restaurants they’ve been to and share their experiences online. For
practice of ordering or taking an order in a restaurant, students may be asked creation of
a role-playing game using menus from sites with exotic dishes. Or students can find recipes
in cookbooks and compare style, structure and instructions for preparing dishes they
know, analyze cultural differences. Thus, when studying foreign languages, students
should be provided the opportunity to study cultural differences between peoples for
better understanding and recognition of other cultures, to raise awareness of any cultural
connotations. Since we are raised in a certain society, in accordance with certain laws and
traditions, to form intercultural awareness and in order to avoid misunderstandings, it is
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very important that students knew about the main differences in values and attitudes of
people of different cultures.
When teaching students new words related to booking accommodation, we can use
online booking forms that are easy search the Internet on the websites of various hotels,
or use an online platform, for example booking.com. This platform offers accommodation
options in almost all cities, which provides an excellent opportunity to learn the names
hotel rooms and property types around the world. Texts describing housing options not
created for the purpose of teaching or learning language, they are intended for the English-
speaking population and thus are not adapted for learners of English as a second language,
since the main the purpose of these descriptive texts is to provide information about
objects.
Therefore, these texts are an excellent example of communication in real life and
together with a large number of accompanying images give a great view of the culture.
●
newspapers,
●
magazines,
●
collections,
●
brochures
●
TV
●
Radio
●
News channel
●
Portals
●
Mailing list
●
Chats
●
Books
●
Electronic interactive boards
Reading authentic texts of a newspaper article presupposes that the student has the
ability to extract the necessary professional information from the proposed material in
order to further use it in his activities.
In the modern methodology of teaching foreign languages, reading is recognized as
one of the fundamental skills, without mastering which further education is impossible.
Reading as a speech activity is always purposeful, its purpose is to extract information
contained in a recorded speech work - a text. In addition, on the basis of the readable text,
it is possible to teach other types of speech activity: speaking, listening, writing in the
target language. Thus, today teachers of foreign languages in higher education are faced
with the urgent task of developing methods of teaching reading that meet modern
requirements.
The main goal of working with a news article is to teach students to read to
themselves with uninterrupted understanding, since only this type of reading makes it
possible to focus on the semantic side of the text, to teach how to extract information from
the text. Translation, on the other hand, does not help, and often interferes with,
understanding the meaning of the text, since it distracts students to the operation of
recoding a foreign language text into their native language, therefore, students should be
drawn to the fact that it is possible to understand what is being read without knowing all
the words, resorting to a linguistic guess, to isolating key and pivotal words and phrases,
without fixing attention on unknown words.
The expressive title of the text, the concentration of the main ideas at the beginning
of the article, the interconnections of logical chains, the opinions of various experts on the
subject of the article allow you to apply the techniques of active reading in practice. So,
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Special Issue – 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
329
when working with on-line articles, it is appropriate to teach students how to analyze,
make a presentation of the main ideas, facts, opinions, data presented in the article.
To sum up, the realities of the modern world require new approaches to ensuring
the professional development of an individual, allowing students in the process of
professional training to form personal qualities that contribute to adaptation to a
constantly changing society. Therefore, the use of realia and authentic materials in task-
based reading activities contribute to the preparation of future professionals for further
active creative independent activity.
REFERENCES:
1.
Balic, Tina. Using Authentic Materials in Teaching English as a Foreign Language.
/ Vienna: DAAM International Publishing, 2009.
2.
Longman Dictionary of Language teaching and applied linguistics / Jack C.
Richards and Richard Schmidt / Pearson Education Limited, 2002.
3.
Ellis R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford, UK: Oxford
University Press.
4.
Laurence C. Task-based learning effects on motivation and participation in
English as a second language Chinese classrooms. Master’s thesis. Eastern Oregon
University. 2015.
5.
Littlewood W. Communicative and task-based language teaching in East Asian
classrooms [J]. Language Teaching, 2007. – 40. – PP. 243–249.
6.
Nunan D. Task-based language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2004.
7.
Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000 Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
