Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
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Structural and morphological changes in the pancreas of rats
after the introduction of a genetically modified product
Jasurbek AVOZMETOV
1
Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received June 2021
Received in revised form
20 June 2021
Accepted 15 July 2021
Available online
15 August 2021
Studying histological preparations obtained from the
pancreas of animals of the experimental group (GMP),
pathological changes were noted. Morphologically, there was
marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the pancreas, increased
secretory activity, stagnant fullness with hemorrhage sites.
While in the animals of the control group and the majority of rats
of the comparison group (90%), there were no pathological
deviations in the histological picture of the pancreas.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
rats,
pancreas,
genetically modified
product.
Genetik modifikatsiyalangan mahsulotni iste’mol qilingandan
so‘ng kalamushlarning oshqozon osti bezidagi strukturaviy va
morfologik o‘zgarishlar
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
kalamushlar,
oshqozon osti bezi,
genetik o‘zgartirilgan
mahsulot.
Eksperimental guruh (GMP) hayvonlarining oshqozon osti
bezidan olingan gistologik preparatlarni o‘rganishda patologik
o‘zgarishlar qayd etildi. Morfologik jihatdan oshqozon osti
bezida gipertrofiya va giperplaziya, sekretor faollikning ortishi,
qon ketish joylari bilan turg‘un to‘lishligi aniqlangan. Nazorat
guruhi hayvonlarida va taqqoslash guruhi kalamushlarining
ko‘pchiligida (90%) esa oshqozon osti bezining gistologik
rasmida patologik og‘ishlar bo‘lmagan.
1
Independent researcher, Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
E-mail: akwamarin80@gmail.com.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Special Issue – 7 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
205
Структурные и морфологические изменения в поджелудочной
железе крыс после введения генетически модифицированного
продукта
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
крысы,
поджелудочная железа,
генно-
модифицированный
продукт.
При изучении гистологических препаратов, полученных
из поджелудочной железы животных опытной группы
(ГМО), были отмечены патологические изменения.
Морфологически отмечалась выраженная гипертрофия и
гиперплазия
поджелудочной
железы,
повышенная
секреторная активность, застойная полнота с участками
кровоизлияния. В то время как у животных контрольной
группы и большинства крыс группы сравнения (90%)
патологических отклонений в гистологической картине
поджелудочной железы не наблюдалось.
Much attention is currently being paid to the problems of using genetically modified
organisms (GMOs) in food products, since there is a threat of their negative impact on
human health and the environment [5].
Genetically modified organisms are living organisms that have intentionally
changed the sequence of nucleic acids. These changes can be reduced to the introduction
or removal of genetic fragments. Genetically modified (GM) products are completely
identical to their natural samples in their main characteristics, such as color, smell and
appearance.
Currently, GM plants are grown in 28 countries around the world, especially in the
USA, Brazil, Argentina, India and Canada. The main GM crops are soy, corn, cotton,
rapeseed, among them this process is more often applied mainly to soy [2, 9, 13, 15].
In addition to these products, rice, pumpkin, sunflower, peanuts, cassava and
papaya are also grown as GM. Research on banana, raspberry, strawberry, cherry,
pineapple, pepper, melon and watermelon continues. Among grain crops, only the
herbicide resistance gene is transmitted to rice. There is no transgenic product for crops
such as wheat or barley that would have a high economic value [6].
Genetic modification studies are also conducted on animals. In relation to animals,
research is mainly aimed at increasing resistance to diseases, controlling their growth or
changing the quality of wool and milk components. As a result of these studies, fish has
become the only animal produced economically [16].
Some experts believe that the creation of GM food sources is an inevitable way to
solve many nutrition and health problems. With the growth of the world’s population,
which, according to scientists, should reach 11 billion people by 2050, respectively, there
is a need for a significant increase in world agricultural production, which is impossible
without the creation of GMOs [10, 11, 12].
The identification of undeclared GM food sources, as well as combinations of GMOs,
is important to ensure the biological safety of food for the population [1, 3, 4, 7, 14].
Currently, most GM products belong to the second safety class, given the presence
in their composition of 1-2 proteins responsible for the manifestation of the desired trait
that distinguishes the transgenic product from the traditional one [16].
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In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the issues related to GM products have also not been
finally resolved, in this regard, experimental studies to determine the effect of GM products
on the organs and systems of the div are relevant and in demand.
The purpose of this study was to develop a method for evaluating the effect of a
genetically modified product on the morphological parameters of the pancreas of
laboratory animals in an experiment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
GM soy (soy flour), grown abroad and imported to our country only for scientific
research, was used as a GM product in the experiments. Using the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) method, the presence of the 35s+FMV promoter in the studied GM soy was
revealed, which proves that the studied soy is a GM product. There was no such promoter
in ordinary soy grown in our country and used for comparison - it is not a GM product.
Experimental studies were conducted on white mongrel rats. All laboratory animals
were divided into 3 groups:
– experimental group – laboratory animals whose general vivarium standard diet
included GM soy (soy flour) at a dose of 0.02-0.03 g per 1 rat weighing 160-180 g for
30 days (n=30);
– comparison group – laboratory animals whose general vivarium standard diet
included soy without GM (soy flour) at a dose of 0.02-0.03 g per 1 rat weighing 160-180 g
for 30 days (n=30);
– control group – laboratory animals kept only in the general vivarium standard diet
(n=30).
Experimental preclinical research of laboratory animals was carried out on the basis
of the official letter of the Ethical Committee of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of
Uzbekistan No. 4/14-1439 dated September 21, 2020 on the permission to conduct these
studies (extract from the protocol No. 4 of the meeting of the Ethical Committee of the
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 26, 2020).
Results and discussions. During macroscopic examination of the pancreas, no visual
pathological changes were observed in all experimental animals of the control group
(n=30). Macroscopically noticeable changes were also not found in the animals of the
comparison group (who received ordinary soy without GM together with food), only some
rats of this group (n=3; 10%) had gland hypertrophy. Whereas in almost all animals
(n=28 from n=30) of the experimental group, in whose diet GM soy was included, there
was a change in the morphological parameters of the pancreas, expressed in hypertrophy
and an increase in the size of the organ detected 30 days after the start of feeding.
Thus, macroscopically, in white mongrel rats that were on a standard diet (control
group), the pancreas was without pathological abnormalities.
The next stage of our experiment was the study of the morphological features of the
pancreas of white mongrel laboratory rats whose diet included soy with and without GM.
The results of the study obtained by us showed that there were no pathological
deviations in the morphological picture of the pancreas in the experimental animals of the
control group who were on a standard vivarium diet without soy (with and without GM)
(Fig.1)
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
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Fig. 1. Histological changes of the pancreas white outbred rats of the control group –
standard diet (staining with hematoxylin-eosin)
In laboratory animal comparison group that received a dietary Supplement of
conventional soybeans without the GM, in 3 cases (10%) showed minor changes in the
pancreas (Fig.2) are characterized by moderate hypertrophy and hyperemia of the vessels.
Fig. 2. Histological picture of the pancreas of a white mongrel rat of the comparison group-
ordinary soy, without GM (staining with hematoxylin-eosin)
The study of histological preparations of the pancreas of white mongrel rats of an
experimental group of animals whose diet included GM soy showed that the morphological
picture of the organ is fundamentally different from the data obtained in the above groups.
Pathological changes were detected in almost all laboratory animals, which were
characterized by pronounced organ hypertrophy, glandular hyperplasia, increased
secretory activity, stagnant fullness with hemorrhage areas (Fig.3)
Thus, when studying histological preparations obtained from the pancreas of
animals of the experimental group (GM soy), pathological changes were noted.
Morphologically, there was marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the pancreas,
increased secretory activity, stagnant fullness with hemorrhage sites. While in the animals
of the control group and the majority of rats of the comparison group (90%), there were
no pathological deviations in the histological picture of the pancreas.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
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Fig. 3. Histological picture of the pancreas of a white mongrel rat of the experimental
group-GM soy (staining with hematoxylin-eosin)
CONCLUSIONS
Macroscopically, in white mongrel rats that were on a standard diet (control group),
the pancreas was without pathological abnormalities. Almost the same picture was
observed in animals whose diet included ordinary soy (the comparison group), with the
exception that 10% of them had some hypertrophy of this organ. And in laboratory
animals, in the feed of which GM soy was added, in 93.3% of cases, pathological deviations
associated with an increase in the organ during the observation period were visually
noted.
There were pathological changes in the study of histological preparations from the
pancreas of animals of the experimental group (GM soy). This fact was noted in the form
of pronounced hypertrophy, hyperplasia of the glands, increased secretory function,
congestive fullness and areas of hemorrhage. In contrast to the experimental group, there
were no pathological deviations in the histological picture of the pancreas in the animals
of the control group and the majority of the rats of the comparison group (90%).
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