Жамият ва инновациялар –
Общество и инновации –
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/socinov/index
The concept of development of the labor protection management
system in small business in Uzbekistan
Mamura ATABAEVA
1
, Larisa PETROSOVA
2
, Kakhramon ATABAEV
3
Tashkent State Technical University named after I. Karimov
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received August 2021
Received in revised form
20 August 2021
Accepted 25 September 2021
Available online
25 October 2021
This article discusses the issues of safety and labor protection in the
field of small business. With the help of statistical, theoretical and
practical analysis, the essence of the OSH management system at
enterprises is revealed, and in particular the ambiguity of its application
for small businesses. The article presents a comparative analysis of the
OSH management system in its standard understanding and the
possibility of integrating outsourcing into it. Based on the research
carried out, a concept is proposed on the need to adjust the OSH
management system. On the basis of corrective action, the integration
of external management of labor protection for small businesses.
2181-1415/© 2021 in Science LLC.
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
small business,
SUOT,
labor protection,
accident,
management circle,
audit,
GOST,
outsourcing.
Kichik biznerlarning mehnatni muhofazasini boshqaruv tizimini
rivojlanish konsepsiyasi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar:
kichik biznes,
OSH,
mehnatni muhofaza qilish,
baxtsiz hodisalar,
boshqaruv doirasi, auditorlik,
GOST,
autsorsing.
Ushbu maqolada kichik biznesda xavfsizlik va mehnatni muhofaza
qilish bilan bog‘liq masalalar muhokama qilinadi. Statistik, nazariy va
amaliy tahlillar yordamida korxonalarda mehnatni muhofaza qilish
tizimini boshqarish tizimining mohiyati ochib beriladi, xususan, uning
kichik biznes uchun qo‘llanilishining noaniqligi aniqlanadi. Maqolada
mehnatni muhofaza qilish tizimini boshqarish tizimining standart
tushunchasi va unga autsorsingni integratsiya qilish imkoniyat-larining
qiyosiy tahlili keltirilgan. O‘tkazilgan tadqiqotlar asosida mehnatni
muhofaza qilish tizimini boshqarish tizimini moslash-tirish zarurati
to‘g‘risida kontseptsiya taklif etiladi. Tuzatish choralari asosida kichik
biznes sub’ektlari uchun mehnatni muhofaza qilish bo‘yicha tashqi
bo‘limlarni birlashtirish taklif etiladi.
1
Senior lecturer, Tashkent State Technical University named after I. Karimov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
2
Docent, Tashkent State Technical University named after I. Karimov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
3
Doctoral student, Tashkent State Technical University named after I. Karimov, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
Issue – 2 № 5 (2021) / ISSN 2181-1415
20
Концепция развития системы управления охраной труда
в малом предпринимательстве
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
малый бизнес,
СУОТ,
охрана труда,
несчастный случай,
круг управления,
аудит,
ГОСТ,
аутсорсинг.
В
настоящей
статье
рассматриваются
вопросы,
связанные с обеспечением безопасности и охраны труда в
субъектах малого предпринимательства. С помощью
статистического, теоретического и практического анализа
раскрывается сущность системы управления охраной труда
на
предприятиях
и
в
частности
определяется
неоднозначность её применения для субъектов малого
предпринимательства. В статье приведен сравнительный
анализ системы управления охраной труда в стандартном
её понимании и возможности интеграции в неё аутсорсинга.
Исходя из проведенных исследований, предлагается
концепция о необходимости корректировки системы
управления охраной труда. На основе корректирующий
действия предлагается интеграция внешнего управлений
охраной труда для субъектов малого предпринимательства.
INTRODUCTION
President Sh.M. Mirziyev at the 75th-quersion of the UN General Assembly paid
attention to the fact that these days the tests are given to the population, as well as to the
business, including small. Also mentioned by the President, the importance of pandemic,
food security directly depends on the small business, [1]. In social plan, small businesses
are designed to create a flexible, self-regulating system of uninterrupted community of
public consumer goods and various types of services, to promote optimal employment and
to more complete the use of personnel potential. It will not be possible to agree that the
role of small entrepreneurship in the development of the economy is great. The
development of small business is a reflection of overcoming monopolism in the economy,
the formation of a cluster of intersectoral industries, as well as small business contributes
to the progress of scientific and technical production. In addition to the foregoing, social
policy is very important and widely discussed in Uzbekistan. According to the Constitution
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, state power is carried out only in the protection of the
interests of the people and human rights. Again, in accordance with the Constitution, every
citizen has the right to fair working conditions, paid leave, for social security in old age, in
the event of a disability, the loss of the breadwinner, [2]. In order to social protection of
the population, as well as the protection of the health and life of citizens, a system of labor
protection (SYOT) has been operating in the republic, enshrined by the Law of the Republic
of Uzbekistan “On Labor Protection”. It is worth noting that this system has shown its
effectiveness to a greater extent on the businesses of large business and state-owned
companies, and the small and medium-sized business sector remained outside the
functioning of this system. This is confirmed by the statistics of accidents in the Republic
of Uzbekistan by year (Table 1), [3].
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Table 1.
Number of accidents in the Republic of Uzbekistan by year without the account of small
businesses
Year
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
2017
2018
All accidents
342
316
318
343
351
269
290
273
268
Industry
268
245
262
264
260
201
235
214
207
Construction
31
32
18
20
49
33
30
29
28
transportation and storage
41
38
33
58
37
27
23
26
29
connection
2
1
5
1
5
8
2
4
4
The purpose of this work is to analyze the current system of labor protection (SUD), in
particular in small businesses, and determine the directions of its prospective development. To
achieve the goal, the following tasks are set: – to analyze the current Syot in the Republic of
Uzbekistan; – to reveal the key disadvantages in Syot at small business enterprises; – to
determine the vulnerabilities and points of contact with the Soth small in large
entrepreneurship; – establish a number of potentially promising directions to improve the Soth
in small business. Critical analysis of literature on the topic The issue of labor protection
management sounds sharp in the entire post-Soviet space. Amazing is that, in spite of the
sufficiently large development of this problem in scientific works, its practical part remains not
solved. The problem of ensuring the safety of labor arose in the middle of the 9th century, at the
same time, the first standards began to appear such as: regulating working time during the week
(no more than 8 hours a day), division of labor of women and children from men, etc. This
question in his work was interested in Rumyantseva O.B. Rumyantseva considers the issue of
labor safety at small enterprises as one of the dominant factors of economic development of the
enterprise, and also determines the factors negatively affecting the worsening of working
conditions in Numerous violations by entrepreneurs of small business standards for labor
protection are of serious concern. Employers’ care from resolving issues in the field of labor
protection makes this scope of economics for employees a little attractive in part of providing
social guarantees in the field of conditions and labor protection (Rumyantseva O.B.).
Most of the authors who analyzed this issue come to the conclusion that the creation
and maintenance of the quality functioning of an SUOT must be carried out in accordance
with the cycle (management circle) developed in the 1950s by Deming (Deming Cycle).
The cycle includes four stages: planning, implementation, performance monitoring and
corrective action development. In the domestic literature, there is an alternative
interpretation of the principles underlying the SUOT methodology: “plan – do – control –
improve”, [4].
In the context of OSH management, “Planning” means developing appropriate policies,
allocating resources and expertise, structuring the system, identifying hazards, and assessing
risks. “Action” is the actual implementation and application of the program. “Control” involves
measuring the active and reactive indicators of the program. Finally, “Refinement” completes
the cycle by revising the system operation with a focus on continuous improvement and
debugging of the SUOT during the next cycle (Sudarkina Kh.V.)
O.V. Chernyshenko in the course of studying the problem of organizing labor
protection in small and medium-sized enterprises, he comes to the conclusion that most
violations in labor protection legislation in small and medium-sized businesses depend on
how the employer treats labor protection issues at his enterprise.
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It is impossible to disagree with the conclusions of the scientific works of the above
authors that the leaders of small businesses, as well as large ones, must understand the
importance of regulating relations in the field of labor protection, at least they must have
the following skills (Pic. 1), given in order of importance:
Picture 1. The pyramid of the consequences of creating safe working conditions at the
enterprise.
It is also worth noting that, in fact, no one has proposed a conceptual solution to the
problem of labor protection in small business. Along with this, it would not be fair to
demand a specific answer from one author. This is due to the global nature of the problem,
as well as the variety of technical and functional components of small businesses.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A set of theoretical and practical analyzes of scientists was taken as the
methodological basis of the research to reveal the topic. A comparative analysis, synthesis,
systematization and presentation of data from the relevant literature, as well as regulatory
and legal acts on the topic of the research were carried out.
Also, the research is based on the author’s practical experience in the field of labor
protection and the creation of safe working conditions at enterprises, in particular at small
businesses.
According to Appendix 1 to the PCM No. 275 of 08.24.2016 “Classification of
organizations related to small businesses”, small businesses are divided into sections –
group-classes – subclasses. The number of employees in micro-firms varies within
20 people, in small enterprises within 270 people. For example: in small enterprises for
the production of computers and peripheral equipment, the number of employees can
reach 270 (subclass 26.20.0), and in small enterprises specializing in the maintenance and
repair of cars, the number of employees should be within 100 people (subclass 45.20.1)
[8].
The head of the enterprise must clearly understand the
requirements of laws and other regulatory legal acts
containing labor protection requirements
Ability to identify hazardous and harmful production
factors
The company must have its own policy in the field of
labor protection
The company must develop a program for the
implementation of the labor protection policy
Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations
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The development of small businesses has a beneficial effect on an increase in
employment, but also, unfortunately, it has a negative nature of influence. Working in small
business enterprises actual does not have social protection, which is legally enshrined with
them in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the Labor Code and in labor
protection legislation. It is on small business enterprises accounting for the greatest
number of violations of regulations on labor and labor protection. In the Republic of
Uzbekistan, 1.6 times more workers engaged in labor activities in small enterprises than
in large industrials. The difficult economic situation of many small business organizations
involuntarily pushes into the second plan to improve the working conditions, gives a
formal reason to employers not to spend funds to ensure labor protection and the
implementation of state regulatory requirements. A large category of small and medium-
sized businesses is not engaged in manufacturing activities, respectively, do not fall under
the first paragraph of Art. 12 of the Law “On Labor Protection” according to which they do
not undertake to include in the staff schedule of labor protection specialist, although they
are quite dangerous enterprises. Relationships in the field of labor protection in small
businesses remain under the veil of secrets. Analysis and results. The concept of SUOT in
its standard understanding, for example, in accordance with GOST 12.0.230-2007 “System
of labor safety standards. Labor protection management systems. General requirements”
did not show their due efficiency in practice, and especially in small business entities. Also,
designed precisely in order to create and regulate SUOT in small enterprises, the standard
GOST 12.0.009-2009 “The system of labor protection in small enterprises” adopted as the
basic in the Russian Federation is ineffective. This standard has the following main
objectives: – formulate the concept of labor protection; – develop and ensure effective
functioning, to carry out the continuous improvement of the labor protection management
system; – Confirm the compliance of the labor protection management system to this
standard by: 1) self-definition of compliance and confirm the compliance of the labor
protection management system with the requirements of this standard and informing this
as an ad; 2) confirmation of the compliance of the labor protection management system
with the requirements of this standard to obtain a certificate of conformity in the third
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Tashkent region
Fergana region
Andijan region
Syrdarya region
Djizak region
Namangan region
Navoi region
Kashkadarya region
Bukhara region
Samarkand region
Surkhandarya
Republic of Karakalpakstan
Number of small businesses in the Republic of
Uzbekistan by region for 2020 (thousand units )
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party (audit). The basis for creating a labor protection management system in the Republic
of Uzbekistan is the Model Regulation No. 273 approved by the Ministry of Labor of July
14, 1996 "On the organization of work on labor protection", which gives the concept that
labor protection is a system of interrelated events. Initially, the SUOT model according to
the situation is designed for large enterprises and public sector enterprises, which is
evidenced by the Third Region Head (Organization of Work on Labor Protection in
Ministries, Corporations of Associations, Concern, Production Associations), this can be
convinced of this The block diagram of the judiciary of Soth under Regulation No. 273 at
small enterprises of any field of activity, even production often absent such positions as:
chief engineer, chief mechanic, main energy engineer and the same occupational safety
engineer.
Picture 2. Blockey scheme of the organization of Soth under Regulation No. 273
Most of the responsibilities of the above positions are under the control of the
company’s head and at the same time mainly all economic functions are delegated to
outsource. Accordingly, control over all of the above processes is assigned to the head,
including the process of labor protection. If the employees of a small enterprise cannot
qualify work on labor protection at the design stage or evaluate the implementation of
labor protection requirements at the current enterprise, the interested party should use
the services of organizations specializing in solving labor protection issues Of interest is
the experience of working on the provision of outsourcing services. This is a way to
optimize the activities of the enterprise through the transfer of non-core functions by
external specialized companies, Chizhova M.A. [1]
The head of the enterprise is simply not enough to pay attention to all processes, the
only reasonable way out in the opinion of the author is the transfer of the labor protection
process on an outsource. Moderation of the labor protection management system is key
and requiring primary consideration. Before creating a system, the authority should be
divided between the head of the organization and the representative of the organization
of the provision of outsourcing (outsourcer) Pic.3.
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Picture 3. Roles of participants in the system
The roles of participants in the system in this case, the manager must be not a modist
of SUOT, but its auditor (controlling div). At the same time, such powers as: financing,
distribution of roles within the organization, penalties and some other powers cannot be
delegated to outsource. Table 2 presents the distribution of responsibilities for creating a
suot in a small enterprise.
Table 2.
Obligations of participants in the system
Enterprise manager (employer)
Outsourcer
Preliminary analysis of the state of labor
protection
for
the
current
period
(independently, after checking by supervisory
authorities, with the help of an audit)
Analysis of the state of labor protection after
the conclusion of a bilateral contract for the
provision of outsourcing services for labor
protection
Coordination and approval of a long-term
plan of mandatory work on labor protection
(development of basic regulatory legal acts on
labor protection, creation of an up-to-date NPD
base, training of persons responsible for labor
protection, etc.) and the timing of its
implementation
Determine and agree on a long-term plan of
mandatory
work
on
labor
protection
(development of the main regulatory legal acts on
labor protection, creation of an up-to-date NPD
base, training of persons responsible for labor
protection, etc.) and the timing of its
implementation
Coordination and approval of a long-term
plan for additional work on labor protection
(certification of workplaces, preliminary and
periodic medical examination) and the timing of
its implementation
Determination of a long-term plan for
additional work on labor protection (certification
of workplaces, preliminary and periodic medical
examination) and the timing of its implementation
Allocation of funds for performance of labor
protection works
Calculation and coordination of the necessary
funds required to carry out labor protection work
Control over the conduct of briefings,
training, tests of knowledge on labor protection
Organization of briefings, training, testing of
knowledge on labor protection
Participation in the investigation of accidents
when they occur
Investigation of accidents when they occur
Responsiveness and control of labor
protection workflow. Conducting a scheduled
audit of the quality of the service provided by an
OSH outsourcer
Carrying out work to prevent industrial
injuries, occupational diseases (informing about
working conditions, drawing up prescription acts,
proposing penalties for violation of safety rules,
etc.)
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As statistical data show, only 5% of middle and small enterprises managers are
motivated to contact organizations providing services in the field of labor protection. The
remaining 95% do not know about the existence of outsourcing in the field of labor
protection, or consider it an excessive burden for business.
CONCLUSION
The discrimination in the social security of workers of small enterprises is unlikely
to be solved by administrative measures. In fact, this aspect of labor relations (and many
others in this area) turned out to be completely uncontrollable by state and industry
bodies of labor protection, which led to the level of production injuries. Small businesses,
“off” from the administrative management system of labor protection, are not subject to
market mechanisms that allow to regulate the behavior of the employer in the process of
ensuring the legislatively guaranteed safe working conditions of workers. The lack of state
administrative and legal regulation of socio-labor relations at small enterprises between
employers and employees led to the emergence of a problem situation in the field of labor
protection and labor protection. The problem remains open not only in the Republic of
Uzbekistan, but also in the CIS countries. The system of labor protection management
system developed and implemented at a small enterprise allows to identify production
hazards, to assess the risks of death and injury to employees, as well as develop and
implement effective measures to reduce them. The main stage of creating a judgment in
small enterprises is the need to vaccinate the culture of security to the heads of small
enterprises.
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Rumyantseva O.B. Creating safe working conditions in a small business // thesis
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