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инновациялар
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In
secondary
schools:
problem,
analysis,
and
recommendations
Maksuda BADALOVA
1
Scientific Research Institute for Studying Problems and Determining Perspectives of Public Education
named after A. Avloni
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received January 2021
Received in revised form
30 January 2022
Accepted 20 February 2022
Available online
15 March 2022
The article is devoted to the research work carried out in
secondary schools of Mingbulak, Namangan, Uchkurgan
districts of Namangan region, and Ulugnor district of Andijan
region.
The text of the article focuses on the activities, problems, and
solutions of secondary schools analyzed the results of
interviews and questionnaires with school principals and
teachers and made appropriate recommendations and
conclusions.
2181-
1415/©
2022 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol3-iss2/S-pp
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
Namangan region,
Mingbulak,
Uchkurgan,
Andijan region,
Ulugnor,
secondary schools,
“Barkamol avlod”,
survey,
interview,
decrees and decisions,
system.
O‘
rta ta
’
lim maktablarda: muammo, tahlil va tavsiyalar
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
Namangan viloyati,
Mingbuloq,
Uchq
o‘
r
g‘
on,
Andijon viloyati,
Ulu
g‘
nor,
umumta
’
lim maktablari,
“Barkamol avlod”,
s
o‘
rov,
suhbat,
Maqola Namangan viloyatining Mingbuloq, Namangan,
Uchq
o‘
r
g‘
on tumanlari hamda Andijon viloyatining Ulu
g‘
nor
tumanidagi umumta
’
lim maktablarida olib borilayotgan ilmiy-
tadqiqot ishlariga ba
g‘
ishlangan.
Maqola matnida umumta
’
lim maktablarining faoliyati,
muammolari va yechimlariga alohida e
’
tibor qaratilib, maktab
direktorlari va
o‘
qituvchilari bilan
o‘
tkazilgan suhbat va
s
o‘
rovlar natijalari tahlil qilinib, tegishli tavsiya va xulosalar
berildi.
1
(Ph.D.) Doctor of Philosophy
–
Head of the Department of Studying for the Problems of school and out of School
Education of the Scientific Research Institute for Studying Problems and Determining Perspectives of Public
Education named after A. Avloni. E-mail: umaksuda69@ qmail.com. Tel.: (+998) 99-877-11-3.
Жамият
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инновациялар
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Общество
и
инновации
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Society and innovations
Special Issue
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02 (2022) / ISSN 2181-1415
191
farmon va qarorlar,
tizim.
В общеобразовательных школах: проблема, анализ,
рекомендации
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
Наманганская область,
Мингбулак,
Учкурган,
Андижанская область,
Улугнор,
общеобразовательные
школы,
«Баркамол авлод»,
опрос,
интервью,
указы и постановления,
система
Статья
посвящена
исследовательской
работе,
проведенной
в
общеобразовательных
школах
Мингбулакского, Наманганской, Учкурганской областей
Наманганской
области
и
Улугнорской
области
Андижанской области.
В тексте статьи основное внимание уделяется
деятельности,
проблемам
и
решениям
общеобразовательных школ, анализируются результаты
интервью и анкетирования директоров и учителей школ и
делаются соответствующие рекомендации и выводы.
Introduction.
If we look at the history of the developed countries of the world, we
can see that the reforms aimed at changing the life of society in them began, first of all,
with the education system. Because it is difficult to change a person, a society, without
changing the conditions of schools, the educational process in the school.
The basis of education and upbringing, the foundation of the future of our people is
the school, and the improvement of this system is one of the most important issues of
today.
It is known that during the difficult transition years, the spiritual and educational
environment in schools, the decline of the prestige of the teaching profession, insufficient
attention to the education of teachers of the new era, the development of pedagogy, the
introduction of innovative educational technologies have caused a number of difficulties.
In recent years, great work has been done in our country to effectively address
these problems and radically improve the system of training. The President and the
Cabinet of Ministers have adopted decrees and resolutions on the public education
system, strengthened the legal and regulatory framework for reforms in this area, and as
a result, increased attention to teachers.
Over the past 3 years, teachers
’
salaries have been increased by an average of
2.5 times to stimulate the work of teachers. Clear motivational criteria have been set to
encourage the work of teachers working in remote areas. That is, they are paid up to
50 percent extra. This practice has made it possible to attract more than a thousand
teachers who are in short supply in remote areas. While retiring teachers continue their
pedagogical activities, their state pensions are retained and their full salaries are paid.
Such ongoing reforms lead to a further increase in the attention and responsibility of
teachers to the profession.
However, despite the positive changes, there are still problems in the education
system, the material and technical base of schools is outdated, and the knowledge and
skills of some teachers do not meet modern requirements.
In this regard, in our opinion, the need to create a system that meets modern
requirements in the field of education based on the in-depth study of international trends
Жамият
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and existing problems, the need to update teaching forms and methods, educational
standards, textbooks, and manuals, applying best practices in secondary school
management solving problems of improvement, preparation of relevant proposals and
conclusions is one of the important issues of today.
The main part.
In order to study the problems of general secondary education and
extracurricular education in the country, research was conducted in a number of districts
of Namangan region, and the views of school principals were studied:
1. In Mingbulak district of Namangan region,
there are 51 secondary schools
with 22,811 students, 1,926 teachers, and an average of 12 students per teacher.
An attempt was made to study the problems in the schools with the help of the
heads of the secondary schools in the district, and 46 school principals of the district, that
is, 90% of school leaders participated in surveys on a variety of topics.
In addition, interviews were conducted with the head of public education and
school principals, and suggestions on shortcomings and existing problems in the region
were studied:
The following problems can be identified as a result of the research:
1. Of the 51 secondary schools in Mingbulak district, 50 are Uzbek-language
schools, and only one is a Russian-language school. According to the instructions for the
Russian-based school, only children from this region will be admitted to school, due to
the fact that the admission of children who do not speak Russian has a negative impact
on the quality of education and there are cases of falling behind in the program;
2. On the appointment of school principals (According to the order, a candidate for
school director must defend the school development program in the district (city) council
of people
’
s deputies) Among the deputies of the District Council of People
’
s Deputies
there are objections to the issue of reasonable assessment of the program due to the lack
of specialists who have competence and experience in the field of public education;
3. About 35 out of 51 secondary schools in the district have completely obsolete
laboratory equipment, 10 schools, 20% do not have gyms, it was pointed out that there
are problems such as negatively affecting the quality of education in the school and the
image of the school. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to develop measures to
solve the problem with the help of the Department of Public Education and sponsors;
II. There are 36 secondary schools, 30,093 students, 1,890 teachers in Namangan
district, and 16 students for 1 teacher.
As a result of the study of secondary schools in this district, the following problems
and suggestions can be identified:
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1. Primary school teachers are paid lower tuition rates because some classes, such
as music, fine arts, physical education, and Russian, are taught by specialists (previously
taught by only one teacher) because their tuition is less than one hour (18 hours). is
considered, so there is a risk that experienced teachers will leave the school;
2. It is obvious that the deputy principals of the school are forced to teach due to
the relatively low salary, and when he is busy with organizational work, the class hours
are empty
–
this in itself has a negative impact on the quality of lessons. For this reason, it
can be argued that it is advisable to increase the monthly salaries of school deputy
principals.
III.
There are 47 secondary schools in Uchkurgan district, the outskirt from the
center of the region. There are 28,694 students, 2,369 teachers, and an average of 12
students per teacher.
during an interview with school principals and the head of the public education
department in the area:
1. Organize day-long groups for primary school students, taking into account the
conditions of rural schools in the border area far from the center and the difficulties in
providing employment for parents;
2. Problems were identified, such as the fact that the majority of graduates of
schools have difficulty teaching students and are not ready from a pedagogical and
psychological point of view.
IV.
There are 889 teachers teaching 10,602 students in 26 secondary schools of
Ulugnor district of Andijan region, and the average number of teachers per teacher is 12
students.
On September 10-17, 2021, a survey was conducted among 35 school teachers of the
district to study the factors that affect the quality of their education. See Figure 1 below.
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Figure 1
34.1% of respondents advocated the provision of schools with modern
technologies, ie the provision of information technology in the teaching process at school.
This means that there are shortcomings in schools, with 31.1% of teachers noting
that parents help their children to study together. 6% to reduce extracurricular
homework, 11.8% of parents pay attention to the upbringing of children, ie the need to
control and spend their free time after school. 11.5% to improve the material and
technical base of the school, ie to provide full teaching conditions in each classroom, due
to a large number of students in the classrooms and their different levels of knowledge,
the proposal to teach children in groups was 3.2%, and 2.8% of respondents suggested
the introduction of scholarships to motivate students, ie active students.
From this study, it can be concluded that:
1. To create full conditions for secondary school teachers to be able to teach quality
at school: it is necessary to develop measures to provide presentation technologies;
2. Develop and implement a joint program that will allow secondary schools to
communicate with parents on a regular basis;
3. Extracurricular education available in each district for the purpose of effective
and professional training of students in their free time (circles organized taking into
account the interests of students) -
Carrying out of actions on involvement in “Barkamol avlod” children’
s schools;
In addition, when asked by 35 teachers how well they organized the lessons, the
majority of them, or 74%, answered that they were satisfied. When asked if there was a
case of unjustified disruption of classes, 33.3% said it was. See Figure 2
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Figure 2
It is a good thing that the percentage of teachers being satisfied with the lessons
they teach is good, but in order to make a clear conclusion, we plan to study the level of
student satisfaction with the lessons in our next study.
The reason for the occasional disruption of classes is that various activities are
held at the school. In this study, school teachers also expressed their views on what
factors may influence the educational process in the school. See Figure 3
Figure 3
50% of respondents said that children
’
s home and family conditions also have a
significant impact, 10% of respondents said that the system of nutrition for primary
school students, the organization of extended day groups, 10% of respondents said that
the school should have a school bus (because it is a remote area), 88% of them said that it
is important to increase the role and responsibility of parents in the upbringing of
children.
Conclusion: As a result of the research, the following suggestions can be made:
1. Taking into account the requirements of parents of first-graders in Mingbulak
district, taking into account the fact that 50 out of 51 secondary schools in Mingbulak
district are based on the Uzbek language, and only one is in Russian, we consider it
expedient to organize additional Russian-based schools or Russian classes in Uzbek
schools with a thorough study of the area;
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2. To establish a system of training and certification of class teachers in advanced
training courses on the basis of a special program in order to improve cooperation with
parents in improving the quality of education in secondary schools;
3. In the appointment of principals of secondary schools, a candidate for director
must defend his project on the development of the school in the district (city) Council of
People
’
s Deputies, but to develop a system of measures to increase their competence in
the field of public education so that the assessment of the project by the deputies is fully
justified;
4. Setting class rates for primary school teachers at 16 hours instead of 18 hours,
provides teachers with both financial support and the opportunity for the teacher to
work on themselves after class;
5. Conditions of rural schools in the border area far from the center, difficulties in
providing employment for parents as well as to take measures to organize day-extended
groups for primary school and transfer them to state support, taking into account the
health of young children;
6. In order to train quality staff for universities and institutes that train teachers,
students can be offered to conduct practical classes in secondary schools once a week.
Special thanks:
To the head of the Public Education Department of Namangan
region and the district Public Education Departments, We would like to thank Ahmadjon
Ganiev, Head of the Methodological Service, for his practical assistance in conducting
research.
REFERENCES:
1.
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-4467, dated
30.09.2019.
2.
Law “On Education” of the Republic of Uzbekistan UQR
-637-23.09.2020.
3.
CONCEPT “Development of inclusive education in the public education system in
2020
–2025”, PQ–
4860-13.10.2020.
4.
“The mechanism of organization of independent lear
ning activities in the
educational process” S.
Boltaboev, 2019.
5.
Scientific-
theoretical and methodical journal “PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS” of
Bukhara State University No. 2 (72) 2020.
