Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
https://inscience.uz/index.php/socinov/index
Problems of forming conditions for increasing innovation
activities in Uzbekistan
Alisher ABDULLAEV
1
Fergana Polytechnic Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received December 2022
Received in revised form
15 December 2022
Accepted 20 January 2023
Available online
15 February 2023
As a dynamic economic element, innovation is a mechanism
that involves continuous, developing, and mastering
management. Hence creative companies need to assess their
potential for innovation. Literature attests to work being
carried out in the area of assessing innovation or analyzing
innovation capabilities. This paper examines the current
situation related to innovation potential worldwide and the
challenges confronted by countries. It also examines the
innovation system in Uzbekistan and strategies to improve the
climate for the development of the innovation economy.
2181-
1415/©
2023 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss1/S-pp10-14
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
innovation,
innovative development,
R&D,
economic growth,
GDP,
national innovative system,
technology.
O'zbekistonda innovatsion faoliyatni oshirish uchun
shart-sharoitlarni shakllantirish muammolari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so
‘
zlar:
innovatsiya,
innovatsion rivojlanish,
ilmiy-tadqiqot,
iqtisodiy o
‘
sish,
YaIM,
milliy innovatsion tizim,
texnologiya.
Maqolada innovatsiyalar dinamik iqtisodiy element sifatida
ko
‘
rib chiqilgan. Innovatsiyalarni, innovatsion imkoniyatlarni
baholash tahlili butun dunyoda, xususan, O
‘
zbekiston
Respublikasida mavjud vaziyatni aniq tasvirlab berdi.
Tadqiqotlar innovatsion iqtisodiyotni rivojlantirish uchun iqlim
strategiyasining ba
’
zi elementlarini taklif qilishga imkon berdi.
1
Doctor of Philosophy in Economics, Associate Professor of Economics, Fergana Polytechnic Institute.
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
01 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415
11
Проблемы формирования условий для повышения
инновационной активности в Узбекистане
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
инновация,
инновационное развитие,
НИОКР,
экономический рост,
ВВП,
национальная
инновационная система,
технология.
В статье инновации рассмотрены как динамичный
экономический элемент. Проведенный анализ оценки
инноваций, инновационных возможностей, наглядно
охарактеризовал текущую ситуацию как во всем мире, так
и, в частности, в Республике Узбекистан. Проведенные
исследования позволили предложить некоторые элементы
стратегии по дальнейшему улучшению климата для
развития инновационной экономики.
INTRODUCTION
In the increasingly competitive world, several nations are striving to enhance
creative ability with a view to economic growth and efficiency. Competition and
innovation are important in building innovation capacity for the countries, as they
provide possible pathways to accelerate the technological catch-up cycle as well as
maintain productivity growth and competitiveness. Charting the innovation index will
enable developed economies to catch up, as it provides countries’ overall innovation
output. At the heart of the innovative development of the economy is the process of
finding, training, creating, implementation, and commercialization of innovations,
i. e. ensuring the transformation of ideas directly to innovation [1].
Companies’ ability to fulfill cu
stomer standards is highly dependent on their ability
to develop and produce new products at reasonable prices. Innovation is a crucial
catalyst for achieving sustainable competitive advantages and is becoming one of the
biggest obstacles for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular. Many
analysts believe that this century would be a culture focused on know-how. It will be
defined by the development, diffusion, and adoption of new technologies that are very
active. In this sense, a new term, the national system of innovation (NIS), has been
introduced and intensively studied. Some analysts also suggest that this century is going
to be a century of regionalization these days. Within the globalized world, the nation-
state has lost its significance in cultural, R&D, and innovation activities. A system
approach is needed to effectively strengthen the national potential for innovation.
Efficient Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) create a competent NIS (National Innovation
Systems) through the generation of competitive SISs (Sectoral Innovation Systems) in the
regions. The correct number of applicable innovation actors should be composed of a RIS
in three groups: academia, the public research sector, and industry.
METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH
In the process of preparing the study, general scientific methods of cognition,
observation, abstract-logical thinking, a systematic approach, and economic
interpretation were used. Methods of a systematic approach to solving problems, as well
as analysis, synthesis and unity of logical analysis and dialectical development, historical
approach, and analysis of the materiality of cognition. statistical hypotheses and
relationships, expert research.
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
01 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415
12
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Global economic growth appears to be losing momentum relative to last year.
Productivity growth is at a record low. Trade battles are brewing. Economic uncertainty
is high. Despite this contemplative outlook, innovation is thriving worldwide. Formal
innovation
–
as measured by research and development (R&D) and patents
–
and less
formal forms of innovation are flourishing in developed and emerging economies
simultaneously. Established and emerging economies of all kinds today facilitate
innovation for economic and social growth. This is now well understood that creativity
exists in all economic fields, not just in high-tech firms and development sectors. As a
result, economies are concentrating their attention squarely on building and sustaining
environments and networks for sound and dynamic innovation.
ROLE OF INNOVATION IN ECONOMIC GROWTH
International research and development spending expanded faster than the world
economy, more than doubling between 1996 and 2016. Global government spending on
R&D (GERD) increased by about 5% in 2017, while company R&D spending increased by
6.7%, the largest increase since 2011. Only so many scientists around the world have
ever worked in history to address the most important global scientific problems.
Over the past years, the globe has seen a rise in expenditure on innovation, as
assessed by the economies’ average investments at all stages of growth.
In 2017 and
2018 the use of the intellectual property (IP) hit record highs. Amid economic instability,
spending on innovation has increased and seems robust in given the current economic
cycle. The challenge is whether this pattern will continue as global economic growth
declines in 2019. There are two issues that stand out [4]:
First, the Global Innovation Index 2019 shows that public R&D expenditures
–
in
particular, in some high-income economies responsible for driving the technology
frontier
–
are growing slowly or not at all. Waning public support for R&D in high-income
economies is concerning given its central role in funding basic R&D and other blue sky
research, which are key to future innovations including health innovation.
Second, increased protectionism
–
in particular, protectionism that impacts
technology-intensive sectors and knowledge flows
–
poses risks to global innovation
networks and innovation diffusion. If left uncontained, these new obstacles to
international trade, investment, and workforce mobility will lead to a slowdown of
growth in innovation productivity and diffusion across the globe.
It is well known that innovation is one of the main factors of intensive economic
growth. It is no coincidence that the most developed countries (Switzerland,
63.9 thousand dollars of GDP per capita at PPP, USA
–
57.6 thousand dollars, Singapore
–
87.8 thousand dollars, the Netherlands
–
50.5 thousand dollars., Ireland
–
71.5 thousand
dollars, etc.) top the list of countries with the highest competitive indices, according to
experts from the World Bank for 2016.
Uzbekistan Global Innovation Index is about 30 points (on a 100-point scale), and
the republic takes a position within the 80-90th place in World Economic Forum (WEF)
ranking by the global competitiveness index. The gap with the average rating of this
index for the leading countries (57.8) is about 2 times. In other indicators of innovative
development, the gaps are even more significant: in the number of articles in
international scientific journals (per million people)
–
almost 400 times, in the export of
high-tech products (in the structure of exports) Uzbekistan is 4.5 times behind. A similar
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
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01 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415
13
picture develops for indicators of patent activity, the number of innovative small
enterprises, the share of innovative products in the volume of output industries and
sectors of the economy, the presence of innovative products in the market, and other
indicators of innovative activity. Nevertheless, in Uzbekistan, there are certain scientific
and technological reserves in cotton growing, solar metallurgy (solar physics), plant
breeding, biology, chemistry, mathematics, geology, and a number of other areas. This
state of affairs indicates the relevance and timeliness of the issue of creating the
necessary conditions and macroeconomic prerequisites for the intensification of
innovation activity in Uzbekistan. A key challenge in all countries is to accelerate the
technological development of the global economy, increasing competition for the factors
that determine the competitiveness of national innovation systems. Thus, the aim is to
increase the level of innovation activity in the economy. Currently, due to the reduction of
the period of realization of scientific innovations to entrepreneurs/enterprises, it is
necessary to quickly respond to changing national and international needs. The main
factors hindering the transition to an innovative economy in Uzbekistan, are
underdeveloped institutions and inadequate funding of science and new technologies. In
Uzbekistan, there are certain divided scientific and technological backlogs in cotton
growing solar metallurgy breeding plants and row other directions.
CONCLUSION
In order to accelerate the development of the innovation economy in Uzbekistan is
proposed to pay particular attention to the following points:
–
provide incentives for enhance innovation activities that arise only in conditions
of amplification fair competition competitive markets for goods and services through all
kinds of contests, and innovation fairs, and stimulate large corporations in the
development of long-term plans for innovation development;
–
use credit and investment resources efficiently. An econometric analysis of world
development statistics carried out at the IPMI showed that an increase in investments in
science and technology, and the training of researchers and technicians employed in the
R&D sector, does not necessarily automatically entail an increase in total factor
productivity (TFP).
This is possible only when the index of the quality of the country’s institutions
exceeds the identified threshold a value of 5.0 on a 10-point scale. The quality of state
institutions by the corruption control index is 7.2 in Chile, 5.3 in Malaysia, 7.3 in Slovenia,
and 2.1 in Uzbekistan;
–
focus on the modernization and development of the manufacturing sector.
However, this process will be lengthy and should be carried out as part of carefully
planned steps based on the existing comparative advantages of the country. In
Uzbekistan, the rural economy plays an important role in the economy. Therefore
creating new manufacturing capacities integrated with agriculture, as well as the
formation of new agricultural value chains can become important an element of
diversification strategies.
The main factors hindering the transition to an innovative economy in Uzbekistan
are underdeveloped institutions and inadequate funding of science and new
technologies.
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
01 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415
14
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