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инновациялар
–
Общество
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–
Society and innovations
Journal home page:
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Methods and means of creating a comic effect of irony
in discourse
Alisher PARMONOV
1
Kokand state pedagogical institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received January 2022
Received in revised form
15 January 2023
Accepted 25 February 2023
Available online
15 March 2023
Stylistic paths give the colorful meaning of the meaning of
discourse; therefore they are usually used in literal text. One of
them, is irony. Irony is a type of stylistic technique that will be
investigated in this article. The purpose of the article is to find
out some of its types. Moreover, some literary works, including
irony, are illustrated.
2181-
1415/©
2023 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss2/S-pp28-31
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
irony,
figurative meaning,
verbal irony,
situational irony,
dramatic irony,
Socratic irony,
extralinguistic components.
Badiiy diskursda kinoyaning komik effektlarini yaratish
usullari va vositalari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so
‘
zlar:
kinoya,
obrazli ma
’
no,
og
‘
zaki kinoya,
situatsion kinoya,
dramatik kinoya,
Sokratik kinoya,
ekstralingvistik
komponentlar.
Stilistik troplar nutqning mazmuniga rang-barang ma
’
no
beradi, shuning uchun u tom ma
’
nodagi matnda keng
qo
‘
llaniladi. Ulardan biri kinoya hisoblanadi. Kinoya
–
bu ushbu
maqolada o
‘
rganiladigan stilistik vositalarning bir turi.
Maqolaning maqsadi uning ba
’
zi turlarini aniqlashdir. Bundan
tashqari, u istehzoni o
‘
z ichiga olgan ba
’
zi so
‘
zma-so
‘
z ishlarni
tasvirlaydi.
1
Teacher of Kokand state pedagogical institute. Kokand, Uzbekistan. E-mail: parmonovalisher@bk.ru
Жамият
ва
инновациялар
–
Общество
и
инновации
–
Society and innovations
Special Issue
–
02 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415
29
Методы
и
средства
создания
комического
эффекта
иронии
в
дискурсе
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые
слова:
ирония,
переносное
значение,
словесная
ирония,
ситуационная
ирония,
драматическая
ирония,
сократовская
ирония,
экстралингвистические
компоненты.
Стилистические
тропы
придают
красочное
значение
смыслу
дискурса,
поэтому
обычно
используются
в
буквальном
тексте.
Один
из
них,
ирония.
Ирония
–
это
тип
стилистического
приема,
который
будет
исследован
в
данной
статье.
Цель
статьи
–
выяснить
некоторые
его
виды.
Более
того,
иллюстрируются
некоторые
литературные
произведения,
включающие
иронию.
INTRODUCTION
Irony is both stylistic and an artistic methodological tool, which in a broad sense
sees the issue of giving meaning to the text and criticizing the situation at its core. Also, in
a speech or text given through irony, the opinion seems to approve or give consent, but at
the heart of it is rejection, sarcastic laughter. In irony, a word or expression acquires a
meaning that is opposite to its original meaning in speech, or even rejects it. Irony as a
stylistic device expresses mockery and irony through figurative language. The irony,
which is a form of comedy, hides irony under the guise of seriousness and reflects a sense
of superiority or suspicion in the speaker. The irony is widely used both in folklore and in
written literature. In Alisher
Navoi’s
“Lison
ut-
Tair”,
Gulkhani’s
“Zarbulmasal”,
Abdulla
Qahhor’s
“The
Woman Who
Didn’t
Eat
Raisins”
and other works, irony served to create
vivid and concrete art.
There are some types of irony that can be given as special types of this stylistic
device. They are as followings:
1) verbal irony;
2) situational irony is a type of stylistic device meaning a joke of fate, that is,
something happens where no one expected it to happen. For example, a fire at a fire
station could be a good example of irony because, in fact, firefighters fight the fire to
avoid danger. However, what happens when this occurs in the company of firefighters.
This example is so rich to have meaning like who will give a hand to them. In the Uzbek
language, language is also so rich of a word having a different meaning
3) dramatic irony which is the function of creating a text in artistic discourse,
according to which a character makes a huge mistake for some reason.
4) Socratic irony is another type and in literal irony, the statement is made by an
“unreliable
person”.
Socratic irony is a dialogic type of irony in which the author pretends
to know nothing and with childish naivety tries to show that the thoughts of the
interlocutor are wrong.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Irony can reveal itself in inappropriate, inadequate behavior for the discourse context.
For example, a witness to a crime scene where there is a threat of violence makes the
politeness of the victim increasingly inappropriate. Sometimes the
“second”
audience is
considered to be the person to whom the irony belongs. A famous example or form of tragic
irony is found in William
Shakespeare’s
tragedy Romeo and Juliet. When Romeo finds Juliet
in a death-like sleep induced by poisoning, as a young, rash, inexperienced, chubby man, he
assumes her dead, and he immediately kills himself. When Juliet wakes up, she finds her
lover dead next to her. Juliet also quickly kills herself with a knife.
Жамият
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Society and innovations
Special Issue
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30
The comic irony is reflected in many of the humorous shows that are popular on
television today. The irony, in fiction, text, or any text, not only conveys a specific
meaning but also gives it a variety of additional connotations. That is, irony can be used
for two purposes:
1) Creating a comic image through irony and conveying the main concept to the listener;
2) Direct delivery of irony. Although this type of irony is a bit crude, at the heart of
it is a call to people on the right path.
RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION
As mentioned above as well as other research works, irony is a pretty good way to
demonstrate the critics. According to some internet resources [16.1], there some types of
irony is differentiated as following: verbal, situational and dramatic types of irony in
literal context. Verbal irony evolves when a
speaker’s
purpose of the idea is the opposite
of his speech. A character stepping out into a hurricane and saying,
“What
nice weather
we’re
having!”
could be a good example of this type of irony. The next type takes place
when the real consequence of a situation is totally different from what the speaker
expects the result to be. Sitcoms and comedies often use situational irony. For example, a
family spends a lot of time and money planning an elaborate surprise birthday party for
their mother to show her how much they care. But it turns out, her birthday is next
month, and none of them knew the correct date. She ends up fuming that no one cares
enough to remember her birthday. Dramatic irony, it happens when the audience knows
a key piece of information that a character in a play, movie or novel does not. This is the
type of irony that makes us yell,
“DON’T
GO IN
THERE!!”
during a scary movie. Dramatic
irony is seen hugely in
Shakespeare’s
tragedies, most famously in Othello and Romeo and
Juliet and many other works.
Dramatic irony in the masterpieces of W. Shakespeare can be mentioned as
heartrending and Shakespeare used irony a lot. The reason why to use irony by
Shakespeare is this stylistic trope makes the play so powerful to read and watch.
Creating a comic effect in the text is one of the goals and tasks set by many authors.
There are many methodological, linguo-pragmatic, lexical, and other means of realizing
this goal, and the author has the opportunity to choose the most appropriate one
according to his communicative intention. Although this stylistic expression is created on
the basis of language tools, these alone are not enough to express irony in discourse. The
speaker or writer creates a double content, taking into account extralinguistic
components, linguistic features of the person, and contextual factors.
One of the most effective functions of irony is the evaluative function, in which the
speaker or writer uses the relationship between the original primary and secondary
derived meanings of an existing object as a methodological tool.
One of the main postulates in cognitive linguistics is
“language
is a condition for
the existence of
thought”.
More precisely, it is the main condition, because the need to
speak arises when an idea arises. As long as there is no thought, there is no need to speak.
Therefore, thought is the basic condition for the existence of language.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, there are probably hundreds, if not thousands, of recipes for
changing a
person’s
mind, but since these recommendations are all for people of a certain
time, situation, and condition, they cannot be used in any other case. That is why the few
people who know its secret are lucky.
Жамият
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Общество
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Special Issue
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31
Changing a
person’s
mind is about knowing exactly what they are thinking and
using that knowledge to find a possible outcome. In other words, when a person says
something, it is possible to know for what reason, for what purpose, and on what basis he
said it, and on this basis, it is possible to recommend the best alternative option. That
option may be the expected answer for the speaker.
The above points can be concluded in such a way that irony is a very necessary
means of expression for interpersonal communication, characteristic of all the languages
we know in the world. The colorfulness of the information in it serves as an example of
effective use of the
language’s
expressive capabilities. This, in turn, assumes the task of
noticing non-standard situations observed in the behavior, appearance, and other signs
of the characters and conveying them to other participants. Therefore, it is considered
one of the most active and expressive means of speech communication in the language.
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