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Linguoculturological and linguopragmatic characteristics
of irony
Alisher PARMONOV
1
Kokand State Pedagogical Institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received December 2022
Received in revised form
15 December 2022
Accepted 20 January 2023
Available online
15 February 2023
Linguoculturology and linguopragmatics are new and most
commonly learned spheres of linguistics. Researching
linguistics linguculturologically shows that it demonstrates
culture and linguistics. The article illustrates irony, its
linguoculturologik and linguopragmatic features in discourse.
2181-
1415/©
2023 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss1/S-pp2
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
linguoculturology,
linguopragmatics,
irony,
verbal irony,
literal irony,
riddles,
slender.
Kinoyaning
lingvokulturologik
va
lingvopragmatik
xususiyatlari
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
lingvokulturologiya,
lingvopragmatika,
kinoya,
og‘zaki kinoya,
so‘zma
-
so‘z
kinoya,
topishmoqlar,
nozik gaplar
Lingvokulturologiya va lingvopragmatika tilshunoslikning
yangi va eng koʻp oʻrganiladigan sohalaridir. Tilshunoslikni
lingukulturologik jihatdan tadqiq qilish uning madaniyat va
tilshunoslikni
namoyon etishini ko‘rsatadi.
Maqolada kinoya,
uning nutqdagi lingvokulturologik va lingvopragmatik
xususiyatlari tasvirlangan.
1
Teacher, Kokand State Pedagogical Institute. E-mail: parmonovalisher@bk.ru
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242
Лингвокультурологическая и лингвопрагматическая
характеристика иронии
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
лингвокультурология,
лингвопрагматика,
ирония,
словесная ирония,
буквальная ирония,
загадки,
слендеры
Лингвокультурология и лингвопрагматика –
новые и
наиболее изучаемые области языкознания. Изучение
языкознания лингвокультурологически показывает, что
оно демонстрирует культуру и языкознание. Статья
иллюстрирует иронию, ее лингвокультурологические и
лингвопрагматические черты в дискурсе.
INTRODUCTION
Historical irony appears as irony used in relation to an event that happened some
time ago. This characteristic may seem to be the most accurate assessment of the past
reality. Many people saw this incident and had their own opinion. Therefore, the
expressive power, linguistic expression, and stylistic coloring of irony come to the fore
here.
What we now call World War I was called something different at the time:
“World War I” was originally called “The War to End All Wars”
At the time of the First World War (1914-1918), no one called it the First World
War. Naturally, no one had dreamed that such and more terrible wars were still waiting
for mankind. Theref
ore, naming the First World War as “To End All Wars” will be if the
desire of the commentators and statesmen of that time to “End All Wars” is accepted as
an assessment that can be fully understood now. If the next name, “to end all wars” was
fought, then this war would be ineffectively ended, because the war ended, but the wars
did not stop.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Linguistics is considered one of the newest and most relevant fields of linguistics,
and it is studied globally by scientists from all over the world. Because linguocultural
studies are closely related to linguistic and cultural studies. Language takes the first place
among the national components of culture. First of all, language helps culture to be both a
means of communication and a means of interrupting this communication. Language
shows that its owner belongs to a certain community. The language which has its own
main features can be approached from “internal” and “external” points of view. When
approached, it appears as the main factor of ethnic integration, when approached from
the “external” point of view, it shows the ethnic aspects of the people.
As for discussing pragmatics and linguopragmatics, pragmatics is revealed through
the process of speech, which encompasses the social activity of a person, through a
specific communication situation. Linguistic Pragmatics does not have a clear form or
appearance; its scope includes the speaking subject, the addressee, their mutual relations
in communication intervention, and many issues related to the situation of a
communication intervention. For example, in connection with the subject of speech, the
following issues are studied: overt and hidden goals of the statement (conveying any
information or opinion, questioning, command, request, the promise of advice, apology,
congratulations, complaint, etc.); speech tactics and types of speech etiquette;
conversation, speaking rules; speaker's purpose; assessment by the speaker of the
addressee's general knowledge base, outlook, interests and other feelings; such as the
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speaker's reaction to the message he is delivering. In pragmatics, many issues are studied
in connection with such factors as the addressee of the speech, the relations of the
interlocutors, and the specific communication situation. The ideas of pragmatics are used
in the development of heuristic (directive) programming, machine translation,
information-search systems, etc.
Irony is saying one thing to mean another. Many subtexts, many riddles and
slander are also related to irony. If someone asks you what you think of a new style of
haircut that "makes you laugh," and you say, "It's great, I love it," you're being sarcastic.
RESEARCH AND DISCUSSION
Among the literary genres, the most intellectually demanding and satirical genre is
irony. In such a work, complex layers of meaning of different characters and content are
formed, in multi-layeredness, the topic is taken at face value and absorbed into the mind
of the listener by association. The ideas expressed may have several interpretations.
Alternative meanings do not arise due to individual experience but instead, appear as a
habitual combination of alternative meanings. Therefore, the art of irony is almost always
characteristic of the folk culture, folk language, and the period in which these events took
place. The art of irony is different from satire, the difference is that irony does not have a
specific target. The blade of satire is directed at a specific person and thing.
As an emotional and evaluation tool, the irony is expressed by methodological,
logical-semantic, and lexical-grammatical means. Methodical means of irony include
metaphor, comparison, antithesis, hyperbole, allusion, phraseology, puns, and chiasm.
Logical-semantic means are expressed by absurd words, absurd conclusions, lowering
the level of a feature, and ironic conclusions. Lexical and grammatical means are
diminutives, and the means of implementation of the probability mode are modal words
and modal verbs.
Moreover, the sarcastic attitude of the observer to the perceived reality is more
active in Russian and English when evaluating objects than processes and actions. This is
evidenced by the quantitative superiority of descriptive text fragments with ironic
meaning over novels and narrative texts. Descriptive text realizes ironic meanings in a
variety of ways through various stylistic devices. The means of actualizing irony in
narrative texts are the same: basically, irony in the story is conveyed through various
comparative constructions and ironic assumptions.
Ironic meanings within a text can be expressed using figurative devices related to
semantic similarity and cognition. In this process, there is an opportunity to associate
ironically expressed symbols with the subject of empirically collected knowledge with
the properties and images of surrounding objects. The comparison of objects and the
process of evaluation by means of irony is carried out by introducing figurative means
into the text based on the laws of cognition.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it could be mentioned that irony is a stylistic device used to express
that words and phrases are used in a way that is opposite to their meaning. A word,
phrase, or sentence with an ironic function is seriously expressed in a speech act in a
normal tempo and intonation. But in order for the listener or listeners to notice or
understand this irony, they must have sufficient verbal competence and at least minimal
information about the person being described. A type of irony called antiphrase is also
known, according to which one or another positive characteristic of a person or object is
denied with a funny intonation.
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If we look at the stylistic trope of irony from the linguocultural and
linguopragmatic points of view, the irony is expressed differently in different nations. But
its root meaning is almost the same, that is, it represents criticism, criticism, and
criticism.
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