Зарубежный и отечественный опыт раскрытия предикатных преступлений

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Society and innovations

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Foreign and national experience in a predicate crime
setting

Khazratali KUDRATILLAYEV

1

Tashkent State University of Law

ARTICLE INFO

ABSTRACT

Article history:

Received January 2023

Received in revised form

15 January 2023
Accepted 25 February 2023

Available online

15 March 2023

This article analyzed issues related to the identification and

definition of predicate crimes, which are considered the main

crime in the commission of crimes related to the legalization of

proceeds from criminal activity. Also, the article analyzes the

international conventions that should be taken into account by
the countries when defining the predicate crime, and the

definition that is suitable for the legislation of Uzbekistan was

developed.

2181-

1415/©

2023 in Science LLC.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss2/S-pp293-296

This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)

Keywords:

legalization of proceeds

from criminal activities,
predicate crimes,
financial security,

convention

Предикат жиноятларни белгилашдаги хорижий ва
миллий тажриба

ANNOTATSIYA

Kalit so

‘

zlar:

жиноий фаолиятдан

олинган даромадларни
легаллаштириш,

предикат жиноятлар,

молиявий хавфсизлик,
конвенция

.

Мақолада жиноий фаолиятдан олинган даромадларни

легаллаштириш билан боғлиқ жиноятларни содир этишда
асосий

жиноят

сифатида

кўриладиган

предикат

жиноятларни аниқлаш ва белгилашга тегишли масалалар

таҳлил қилинди. Шунингдек, мақолада мамлакатлар

томонидан предикат жиноятни белгилашда инобатга
олиниши керак бўлган халқаро конфенциялар таҳлил

қилиниб,

Ўзбекистон қонунчилигига мос бўлган таъриф

ишлаб чиқилди.

1

Lector, Department of Criminal Procedural Law, Tashkent State University of Law

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Зарубежный

и

отечественный

опыт

раскрытия

предикатных преступлений

АННОТАЦИЯ

Ключевые слова:

легализация доходов,
полученных преступным
путем,

предикатные
преступления,

финансовое обеспечение,

условность

.

В статье проанализированы вопросы, связанные с

выявлением и определением предикатных преступлений,

которые рассматриваются как основное преступление при
совершении преступлений, связанных с легализацией

доходов, полученных преступным путем. Также в статье

проанализированы международные конвенции, которые

следует

учитывать

странам

при

определении

предикатного преступления, и

разработано определение,

подходящее для законодательства Узбекистана

.

Currently, consistent work is being carried out in the field of combating crimes

related to the legalization of income from criminal activities. In particular, the decree of
the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan of June 28, 2021, PF-6252 "On approval of the
strategy for the development of the national system of the Republic of Uzbekistan to
combat the legalization of income from criminal activity, financing of terrorism and the
distribution of weapons of mass destruction" was adopted. The decree approved the
strategy for the development of the National system of the Republic of Uzbekistan to
combat the legalization of income from criminal activities, financing of terrorism, and
financing the distribution of weapons of mass destruction (strategy in the coming places),
which set the task of establishing the procedure for conducting financial investigations
and the category of predicate crimes in order to

In 1989, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) was created to develop and

implement measures to combat legalization nationally and internationally. It developed
40 recommendations for the member states by the organization, and in the 3rd
recommendation it placed a requirement to establish a predicate crime for the crime of
legalization for the member states. According to this requirement, member states were
required to define all crimes as predicates or associate crimes with a specific term of
imprisonment, or establish predicate crimes based on certain criteria.

In the adopted conventions on crimes related to the legalization of income from

criminal activity, the list of predicative crimes is tied to these types. For the Vienna
Convention of 1988, this is the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs and Psychotropic
Substances, transnational organized crimes for the Palermo convention of 2000, etc.
Especially for conventions dedicated to the fight against the legalization of criminal
income, the list of predicative crimes is naturally wider. Thus, according to Article 1 of
the Strasbourg Convention of 1990, "predicate crime" is understood as any crime from
which income is received, which, in accordance with Article 6 of this convention, can
become an object of the crime (i.e. the subject of money laundering).

I.N. Solovyov believes that a predicate crime is a crime committed with selfish

motives, as a result of which illegal property is acquired and subsequently legalized. Also,
Lyaskalo A. N. ESA described it as " the legalization of money and other property acquired
in a criminal way is a logical continuation of the main (predicate) crime". One of the

Russian scientists D.A. Ashin says that “a predicate is a condition in which it is impossible

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to imagine the commission of the main crime without the previous, simultaneous or

subsequent actual commission or the intention to commit another crime in the past”.

Any crime introduced in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan is

considered a predicate for money laundering if it leads to criminal income. However,
neither the Criminal Code nor the Law "On the fight against the legalization of income
from criminal activities, the financing of terrorism and distribution of weapons of mass
destruction "describe" predicate crimes". The term predicate crimes would have been
given a definition at the legislative level and the predicate would have made crimes not
general, but specific, preventing certain problems that may arise at the stage of
preliminary investigation, inquiry and trial.

Analyzing scientists and international conventions, we have the following

definition:

Predicate crimes are the main crimes that cause the commission of the crime of

legalization of income from criminal activities.

Predicate crime setting is now a much more pressing issue, with many states

setting predicate crimes in their national legislation based on FATF requirements.

In particular, in Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, France, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, in the

Russian States, all crimes established by the Criminal Code are defined as a predicate
crime.

As noted above, the definition of predicate crimes in Uzbekistan and the crimes

that fall under them are not regulated by law. Under the auspices of FATF, the regional
organization EAG (Euroasiagroup) on the territory of the CIS is also cited as a
disadvantage in a report prepared in 2021 by the group to combat the legalization of
criminal income and the financing of terrorism.

Thus, we consider it necessary to make appropriate amendments to the Criminal

Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan by describing predicate crimes and introducing the
crimes specified in the FATF recommendations into predicate crimes.

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