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Study of pragmatic and cognitive in modern Linguistics
Dilafruz KHAMDAMOVA
1
Kokand state pedagogical institute
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received May 2023
Received in revised form
15 June 2023
Accepted 25 June 2023
Available online
15 July 2023
Cognitive linguistics is one of the relevant and not yet fully
explored areas of linguistics. Research in the fields of pragmatic
and cognitive linguistics is also one of the most urgent issues
today. The purpose of this article is to research and conduct
small studies about the specific role of pragmatics and cognition
in Linguistics.
2181-
1415/©
2023 in Science LLC.
https://doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss5/S-pp29-32
This is an open access article under the Attribution 4.0 International
(CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ru)
Keywords:
cognitive linguistics,
concept,
pragmatics.
Zamonaviy tilshunoslikda kognitivlik va pragmatikaning
o‘rganilishi
ANNOTATSIYA
Kalit so‘zlar
:
kognitiv lingvistika,
konsepsiya,
pragmatika.
Kognitiv tilshunoslik tilshunoslikning dolzarb va hali toʻliq
oʻrganilmagan sohalaridan biridir. Shuningdek, pragmatik va
kognitiv tilshunoslik sohalaridagi tadqiqotlar bugungi kunning
eng dolzarb masalalaridan biridir. Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi
tilshunoslikdagi pragmatik va kognitivning o‘ziga xos roli
haqida tadqiqot va kichik tadqiqotlar o‘tkazishdan iborat.
Изучение прагматики и когнитивности в современной
лингвистике
АННОТАЦИЯ
Ключевые слова:
когнитивная лингвистика,
концепт,
прагматика.
Когнитивная
лингвистика
является
одним
из
актуальных и еще не до конца исследованных направлений
языкознания. Исследования в области прагматической и
когнитивной лингвистики являются также одним из
наиболее актуальных вопросов на сегодняшний день.
Целью данной статьи является изучение и проведение
небольших
исследований
о
специфической
роли
прагматики и когнитивистики в лингвистике.
1
A teacher of Kokand state pedagogical institute. E-mail: d.hamdamova94@gmail.com
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The field of linguistics is the most necessary part of society, and as language
develops, so does society. The field of linguistics has a very ancient history, and its study
began in ancient India. There are many subfields of linguistics, and in this article, we
want to focus on pragmatics and cognitive linguistics.
In near history, the term cognitive linguistics entered the field of linguistics.
Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that it is one of the most pressing issues of modern
linguistics today. It is worth noting that the interaction between language and
consciousness, problems, connections, the importance and role of language in
conceptualizing and categorizing the world, and in cognitive processes based on human
experience, in order to generalize with the individual cognitive abilities of a person, that
is, understanding is a new linguistics that studies the relationship between language and
their mutual influence and its forms.
Cognitive linguistics is also complicated because it studies concepts and linguistics
closely. Because the concept is different for each individual and it is based on the
environment in which it grew up.
Cognitive linguistics has been officially studied as a separate field since 1989. This
year, a conference was first organized in the German state of Duisburg within the
framework of cognitive linguistics [1.1]. The participants of this symposium formed the
International Association for Cognitive Linguistics, and since then the interest and
research in cognitive linguistics has increased.
In cognitive linguistics, we see a new stage in the study of the complex relationship
between language and thought, a problem that is mainly characteristic of Russian
theoretical linguistics.
Such studies were initiated by neurophysiologists, doctors, and psychologists
(P. Brock, K. Wernick, I.M. Sechenov, V.M. Bekhterev, I.P. Pavlov, etc.)
Neurolinguistics was created on the basis of neurophysiology (L.S. Vygotsky,
A.R. Luria). Language activity occurs in the human brain, different types of language
activity (language acquisition, listening, speaking, reading, writing, etc.) are associated
with different parts of the brain.
We can say that the uniqueness of cognitive linguistics is that the representatives
of each nation understand it based on their own mentality. Because the concept of
“
table
”
in the English language gives the concept of a table in the English culture, we can
understand this word in the Uzbek language in two different concepts, the first is
“
table
–
khontakhta
”
, and the second is
“
table
–
table
”
. However, there is a commonality between
these differences, and both of the mentioned concepts are considered to be a device for
eating, the function is the same, and they differ slightly from each other only in
appearance. This difference, of course, shows the culture, and the uniqueness of the
nationality.
Pragmatics is one of the next branches of linguistics, and it is a branch of semiotics
and linguistics that studies the use of language signs in speech. In other words, it can be
called a branch of science that studies the attitude of the subjects who use this system of
symbols. The idea of pragmatics was mainly developed by the American scientist
Ch. Included in the discussion by Pierce, as well as another American scientist Ch. Morris
developed this idea and coined the term
“
Pragmatics
”
as the name of one of the branches
of semiotics. Pragmatics encompasses the social activity of a person and has the
characteristic of meaning based on the situation, it does not have a specific form and
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appearance, and its scope includes the speaking subject, the addressee, their interaction
in communication and interaction, many issues related to the communication-
intervention situation are included.
The main goal of pragmatics is the formation of aesthetic beauty and aesthetic
culture in the listener and student. If the listener or reader does not have a pragmatic
effect on the original meaning, he will not be able to understand the original meaning of
the given text.
When the speaker creates a speech, he intends to convey some information to the
receiver (listener) with this activity, to tell his past, to convey the news that is happening
around us. Through this, the speaker has a certain effect on the receiver. The effect of
speech on the receptor is carried out through pragmatic properties. In fact, with the help
of pragmatics, the information in the speech is conveyed to the higher nervous system of
the receptor, where it is received and influenced by the relevant senses.
Also, the role of pragmatic signs in the translation process is incomparable.
Pragmatic aspects of the language, which attract the attention of researchers more and
more, require the translator to be aware of the information of many other sciences and
cultures in addition to deep linguistic knowledge [4.492]. Appropriate use of pragmatic
tools in translation serves to convey fully the necessary meaning expressed in the
original. Based on this, having complete knowledge of the pragmatic features of
translation, their analysis, and presentation in translation, illustrated with valid
examples, as an additional or basic guide for students on the subject can be used in their
independent works, abstracts, or included as a special topic in lecture texts [5.1076],
[5.583]. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (1995) defines pragmatics as:
“
The study
of language that focuses on users and the context of language use, rather than on
reference, truth, or grammar
”
.
Since pragmatics is a branch of linguistics, there is no direct synonym for this term.
There are different aspects of pragmatics, such as implied meaning and speech acts.
These aspects are important in understanding the field of pragmatics in general.
It can be said that the consistency and meaning of the speech will lose without
pragmatics. For example, let's pay attention to the examples below:
WHAT TIME IS IT? This sentence includes the meaning pragmatically and
linguistically as we can understand these sentences differently.
The first cognition of the sentence can be mentioned as it is asking the time
without a doubt. On the o
ther hand, “WHAT TIME IS IT?” can give a meaning that the
person who is listening to the question is late for the meeting or the lesson. So,
pragmatics can hide the meaning of a rude sentence in a pretty way.
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