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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DEEP
ENAMEL FLUORIDATION DURING THE SECONDARY
MINERALIZATION OF ENAMEL OF PERMANENT TEETH.
Daminova Sh.B.
Tashpulatova X.A.
Tashkent State Dental Institute
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945399
The prevalence of caries among children and adults is 98-100% according
to epidemiological studies [1]. This pathology is a defect in the integrity of the
dental hard tissue and has a significant negative impact on the aesthetic and
functional condition of the tooth-jaw system.
The initial stages of caries are associated with demineralization caused by
acid on the tooth surface and exotoxins of microorganisms in dental caries. This
has been proven in many studies [2].
Stain stage caries is the first stage of the caries process, which has the
opportunity to stop the rapid demineralization process in the hard tissue of the
tooth and restore the optimal mineral content. It is known that ion exchange and
diffusion processes always occur in enamel at the structural level.
Hydroxyapatite crystals are highly sensitive to the electrochemical composition
of intercellular fluid, blood, oral fluid, and show 5 features of their participation
in ion exchange. The preservation of the protein matrix in the enamel crystal
grids and the possibility of filling the mineral deficiency serve as a pathogenetic
basis for carrying out remineralization therapy [6,7,9,10]. For this purpose,
calcium and fluoride-preserving drugs are widely used. Many scientific studies
have proven the effectiveness and safety of fluorides. The caries-prophylactic
effect of fluorides is multifaceted: the formation of a calcium fluoride layer on
the surface and subsurface layer of enamel reduces demineralization and,
together with stimulation of hard tissue remineralization, reduces the release of
acidic products of bacteria in the biofilm [3,4,5,8] .
The fact that there is insufficient information in the literature about the choice
of methods of treatment and prevention of enamel white spot caries according
to the hygienic condition of the oral cavity, led to the following scientific
investigation.
Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride-preserving remineralizing
drugs in the treatment and prevention of enamel caries of permanent teeth.
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Material and examination methods: 2 preparations were taken as
remineralizing preparations for the examination: 1) "Denta-Fluo" Dentals
Pharma, Uzbekistan; 2) Fluorine varnish Omega dent, Russia.
The examination was conducted in 32 patients. The patients were somatically
healthy children aged 11-15 years. They are children in the stage of orthodontic
treatment, children whose permanent premolar teeth should be removed
according to the instructions were selected. All patients and their parents were
contracted for the examination. An experimental model was created to evaluate
the effectiveness of the used drugs. For this purpose, 15 healthy permanent
teeth obtained according to the instructions were used.
For 3 months, artificial enamel demineralization was formed in 5 samples of
teeth until teeth were extracted. The specimens were stored in 3 separate sealed
boxes (5 in each box) with artificial saliva (T. Fusayama, 1975). The teeth were
cleaned from caries using fluoride-free paste and brushes, air-dried, isolated
from saliva. A 3 mm diameter area was separated on the equatorial surface of
the teeth, and the rest of the vestibular surface was covered with liquid
cofferdam. The demineralization center was treated with 37% orthophosphoric
acid for 2 minutes. Orthophosphoric acid causes the loss of mineral components
in the enamel prisms and in the inter-prism space. Patients were divided into 3
groups:
1) 5 samples of healthy teeth (control group)
2) a group of 5 artificial demineralized teeth fluoridated by the surface
fluoridation method (ordinary Fluorine varnish);
3) Group of artificial demineralized teeth (Denta Fluo) fluoridated by 5 deep
fluoridation methods.
Enamel samples of the first group were examined at the beginning of the
experiment. The samples of the second group were treated with "Denta-Fluo"
preparation for deep fluoridation of enamel. Samples were processed at the
beginning of the experiment and after 6 months of experiment. Enamel samples
of the third group were taken for control and were not treated. At the end of the
experiment, enamel samples of the second and third groups were examined.
Enamel samples were studied at the beginning of the experiment and after 6
months. In the first stage of the research, the surface of the samples was
analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, ZEISS Evo 10, Germany),
and in the second stage, the chemical composition was determined using the
additional detection capability of this device (EDS spectrometer and WDS
spectrometer). Results were calculated in weight percent.
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Research results: Research results show that after 6 months of deep
fluoridation, calcium (20.47±1.07 to 28.5±1.05), oxygen (54.09±6.08 to 35 to
.5±3.75), significant changes occur in the composition of carbon (from
8.22±5.73). ±0.52), fluorine (from 0.1±0.03 to 12.5±1.97), magnesium (from
0.21±0.04 to 0.7±0.09), sodium (0, 58±0.07 to 0.3±0.05), silicon (0.1±0.03 to
0.3±0.05), silicon (0.1±0.03 to 12.5± up to 1.97), ), the calcium/phosphorus ratio
(from 1.38±0.08 to 2.11±0.12) is located in the superficial layer of immature
permanent tooth enamel (r<0.05).
Increased mineralization of permanent tooth enamel after deep fluoridation
was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. After deep fluoridation of the
enamel, the relief of the enamel is smoothed, the surface appears smooth. It can
be seen that the craters of the enamel prisms have been significantly reduced
compared to the initial level, with or without closed surfaces.
Summary.
Thus, the results of the study show that the enamel of recently
erupted teeth is not completely mineralized, and therefore their resistance to
caries is significantly lower. The chemical composition of the surface layer of
tooth enamel changed in a positive way after the application of deep enamel
fluoridation methods. Reaching the optimal level of enamel mineralization under
the influence of deep fluoridation occurs within 6 months after the experiment.
Thus, exogenous agents for the prevention of dental caries (deep enamel
fluoridation) can be recommended for clinical use immediately after the
eruption of teeth within 12 months (1-2 times a year).
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