THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
110
MODERN ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF
OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE
Teshaev O.R.
Ismailov M.U.
Tashkent Medical Academy
Tashkent, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15747421
Relevance.
Among surgical diseases of the liver and extrahepatic bile
ducts, the most severe are still those accompanied by persistent obstruction of
the main bile ducts, leading to the development of obstructive jaundice. The
diagnosis and treatment of patients with biliary hypertension syndrome due to
obstructive jaundice (OJ) remains a pressing issue in emergency abdominal
surgery.
Materials and Methods:
This study is based on the analysis of diagnostic results and staged
decompression of the biliary tract using minimally invasive technologies in 226
patients with OJ of various origins from 2015 to 2022. The age of the patients
ranged from 19 to 89 years. Of them, 117 (51.8%) were women and 109
(48.2%) were men. A total of 192 patients (84.6%) were admitted directly to the
surgical department, while the remaining 34 (15.4%) were transferred from
therapeutic and infectious disease units. For differential diagnosis of OJ, non-
invasive methods were used: ultrasound (US), esophagogastroduodenoscopy
(EGD), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and multislice
computed tomography (MSCT), as well as invasive methods: endoscopic
retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic
cholangiography (PTC).
Results:
The analysis showed that the criteria for determining the informativeness of the
applied methods included the detection of stones, biliary strictures, masses, and
dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts, common hepatic and bile ducts. Effective
methods of eliminating biliary hypertension included various types of
endoscopic
decompression
(n=57)
and
percutaneous
transhepatic
cholangiostomy (n=31), which were performed in combination with ERCP and
PTC. A comparative evaluation of the feasibility of these decompression methods
was conducted. Their effectiveness in resolving jaundice was 93.3%.
Conclusion:
The use of modern diagnostic methods (US, EGD, CT, MRCP) allows for a reliable
confirmation of the mechanical nature of jaundice, identification of the cause
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
111
and level of obstruction, detection of tumor lesions in the area of the ampulla of
Vater, and assessment of the extent of the pathological process. The choice of
method and volume of intervention in cases of OJ depends primarily on the
severity of jaundice, the general condition of the patient, the etiology of the
disease, and the level and extent of the obstruction zone
