THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
30
PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF CHANG INSTRUMENT AND
CHANGSIMAN INSTRUMENTS
Shermatov Komiljon Erkinovich
Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture
Associate Professor of the Department of Instrumental Performance
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14293597
Abstract
: This article studies the performance characteristics of the zither
and similar zither instruments. The historical development of these instruments,
their place in various folk cultures, and their influence on musical performance
styles are analyzed. The technical capabilities, sound range, resonance
mechanism, and performance techniques of zither and zither instruments are
scientifically covered. The article also analyzes the relevance and prospects of
using these instruments in modern music education.
Keywords
: zither, zither instruments, performance characteristics, musical
culture, instrument technique, musical performance, modern music education.
Introduction
Chang instruments have a long history and occupy an important place in
the musical heritage of the peoples of the world. The emergence and
development of these instruments depends on the unique culture, customs and
musical traditions of each nation. While the chang instrument is deeply rooted in
the musical culture of the East, its modern interpretations are enriched with
unique performance techniques in the performing arts of different nations.
The chang instrument is distinguished by its unique sound range, resonance
mechanism and technical capabilities. It is successfully used not only in national
music, but also in modern musical genres. Today, teaching chang and chang-like
instruments in the music education system is gaining urgent importance not
only as a means of training musicians, but also as a means of promoting national
culture.
This article will study in detail the history, technical and performance
characteristics of chang and chang-like instruments, as well as their role in
modern musical performance. At the same time, the article will also analyze the
scientific and methodological foundations of teaching these instruments.
Chang and percussion instruments play an important role in the musical
culture of various peoples. These instruments have an ancient history and are
widely used in the cultures of the peoples of the East, Central Asia, India, China
and Europe. The basic structure of the Chang is often based on a stringed
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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resonance box, and sound is produced by striking the strings of the instrument.
This feature gives the instrument a unique, resonant and clear sound.
The first appearances of the Chang date back to the times before Christ. In
Chinese culture, the Chang-shaped instrument called "yangqin" is mentioned in
ancient sources. In the musical culture of the peoples of Central Asia, the Chang
was widely used mainly in performing folk songs, epics and instrumental works.
In Uzbek and Tajik musical cultures, the Chang is recognized as an important
instrument in maqom music.
The khan instrument consists of a sound box, strings and percussion sticks,
the density and tension of the strings determine the specific sound of the
instrument. The sound range depends on the size of the instrument and the
number of strings. Typically, the khan instrument covers a wide range in the
upper and lower octaves. This instrument plays an important role in
harmonizing with other instruments.
The performance technique depends on the skill of the musician and the
complexity of the musical work. The sticks (percussion sticks) used to strike the
strings ensure the clarity and expressiveness of the instrument's sound. During
the performance, each string vibrates to a certain extent, which ensures the
depth and clarity of the sound. When playing the khan instrument, the technical
skill, speed and musical taste of the performer are important.
Percussion instruments similar to the khan instrument are characteristic of
different cultures, and their performance technique and structure differ slightly.
For example, in Europe, the instrument called "cymbal" is one of the percussive
instruments, which is also played by percussion, but its sound and style of
performance are adapted to European music.
Today, the percussive instrument plays an important role in music
education. Teaching the percussive instrument, improving its performance
technique and combining it with modern technologies is one of the urgent issues
in the development of national musical art and performing skills. The khangu is
used as an effective tool in developing students' performance techniques,
forming musical taste and rhythmic feelings. These materials scientifically
demonstrate the unique place of the khangu in the performing arts and music
education.
Discussion
Studying the performance characteristics of the khangu and khangu-like
instruments helps to better understand their place in national and international
musical culture. The technical capabilities and performance styles of these
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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instruments are successfully used not only in traditional music, but also in
modern genres. Also, the role of the khangu in music education is gaining
relevance, and its integration with modern pedagogical technologies makes the
educational process more effective.
The cultural role of the khangu
The khangu plays an important role in providing melodiousness,
expressiveness and dynamism in folk musical works. In particular, in
Uzbekistan, the chang instrument is known as one of the main instruments of
maqom art. It not only enhances the charm of the instrument in maqom works,
but also deepens the philosophical and emotional content of the music.
Discussions on performance technique and skill requirements
The art of playing the chang instrument requires great technical skill from
the performer. It is important to maintain subtlety and accuracy in hitting the
strings with percussion sticks, as well as the rhythm and dynamics of the music.
Therefore, it is necessary to improve the pedagogical approach to teaching the
chang instrument. The use of audio-visual technologies and virtual training
programs for the development of performance techniques in modern education
is considered a promising solution.
Interaction of chang-like instruments
Chang-like instruments differ in performance technique, shape, and sound
range in different regions of the world. For example, while the sound and
performance technique of European instruments are in harmony with European
musical traditions, Eastern instruments, including the khan, are distinguished by
their melodiousness and emotional expressiveness. This diversity leads to the
mutual enrichment of musical cultures.
Current issues in music education
In today's music education, it is necessary to develop specific pedagogical
methods for teaching the khan instrument. The lack of textbooks and manuals
on the khan instrument in music schools and higher educational institutions
requires the intensification of research in this area. It is also necessary to
strengthen the creative approach and promote national instruments to develop
students' performing abilities.
The khan instrument and khan-like instruments are an integral part of the
musical heritage, which provide rich opportunities not only in traditional
performance, but also in modern musical experiments. Their study and
development are of great importance in enriching musical art.
Conclusion
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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The changu and changu-like instruments occupy a unique place in world
musical culture. The history of these instruments, their performance techniques,
and their role in modern musical processes demonstrate that they are an
integral part of a rich musical heritage. The changu is deeply rooted in the
musical culture of the East, and its importance is especially emphasized in the
maqom art of Uzbekistan.
The article analyzes the technical capabilities of the khangu, its sound
range, resonance mechanism and specific aspects of its performance styles. The
melodiousness and expressiveness of this instrument allow it to be successfully
used not only in traditional but also in modern musical genres. The role of the
khangu in music education and the possibilities of its effective use were also
studied in detail.
Modern pedagogical technologies and innovative approaches are necessary
for teaching the khangu in the modern education system and developing it as a
means of promoting national culture. Also, by combining national and
international musical experiences, the performance capabilities of this
instrument can be further enriched.
The study of the khangu and khangu-like instruments serves not only to
preserve the national musical heritage, but also to develop new musical
directions. Therefore, their widespread introduction into the educational and
performance process is considered one of the urgent tasks.
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