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THE PREVENTION OF PRIMARY CARIES DUE TO THE TIMING OF
THE ERUPTION AND MINERALIZATION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN
CHILDREN
Tashpulatova X.A.
2-course PhD student
Daminova Sh.B.
Scientific Advisor: d.m.s.prof.
Department of prevention of Dental Diseases
Tashkent State Dental Institute, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945388
Introduction.
Numerous clinical observations indicate that caries
develops most intensively in the first years after teething, which coincides with
the period of immature enamel. Due to the mineralization of enamel, its
resistance to caries increases. The terms of eruption and mineralization of
permanent teeth in school age children with the physiological development of
the child coincide with the terms of complete resorption of the roots of
temporary teeth. Eruption and mineralization of permanent teeth is an
important aspect of a child's growth and development. Teething is a very
complex and not fully understood process. One of the most important stages in
the formation of the child's dental system is the period of replacement bite.
Monitoring the eruption of permanent teeth and the formation of occlusion is an
important point that requires special attention from a pediatric dentist. It is
important to emphasize that the study of the features of eruption and
mineralization of permanent teeth is of diagnostic and prognostic interest and
also justifies the feasibility of dental prevention of school-age children (V. G.
Galonsky, A. A. Radkevich, N. V. Tarasova, A. I. Volynkina). To date, in our
Republic there are no comprehensive studies on the timing of eruption and
reflecting the dynamics of mineralization of the enamel of permanent teeth in
children. There is a work By F. L. Mirsalikhova devoted to the study of the
degree of mineralization with the timing of eruption of the first permanent
molars in children of the city of Tashkent. Based on the above, the study of the
timing of eruption and mineralization of permanent teeth in children is very
relevant, has great practical and theoretical significance, since the results
obtained will be taken into account when organizing dental care for the
children's population of our Republic. Most often in our country, mass and
collective methods of prevention are used, which, on average, reduce the growth
of caries by up to 50%. Carrying out stereotypical prevention, even taking into
account regional characteristics, does not allow us to hope for a high end result.
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The aim of the research was in vitro investigation of changes in chemical
composition and morphological structure of the superficial layer of just erupted
192 © TOSHKENT DАVLАT STOMАTOLOGIYA INSTITUTI “YOSH OLIMLАR
KUNLАRI” 2023 193 permanent teeth enamel under the influence of deep
fluoridation. Increased risk of caries in permanent teeth among children and
adolescents falls on the period secondary mineralization (5–15 years). The key
pathogenetically substantiated direction of caries prevention during this period
is the increase degree of mineralization of tooth enamel, which is implemented
through the systematic local application of funds prevention, containing various
chemical compounds. In the process of mineralization of hard tissues of the
tooth, more than 40 chemical elements. The most important of these are calcium
and phosphorus, which are the main components of enamel apatites, as well as
fluorine, which is considered the most effective element against caries. Some
authors indicate the importance of other macro- and microelements, in
particular silicon, zinc and magnesium, in the formation of caries-resistant
enamel teeth. Therefore, in the last years, attention has been growing to new
remineralizing agents, which containing calcium and phosphorus, as well as
complex preparations, which additionally contain fluorine, magnesium, silicon
and other chemical elements. Studying process control capabilities enamel
mineralization permanent teeth through the use of modern means of exogenous
prevention of caries is a topical issue dentistry. Years of experience fluorides for
the prevention of caries showed them reliability and ability to participate in the
remineralization of dental hard tissues. Professional fluoride preparations have
advantages over prophylactic agents, due to the higher concentration fluorides
contained in them, with the possibility precise application of the agent to the
area of demineralization. In the 70s of the last century, Professor A. Knappvost
developed a deep fluorination method hard tissues of the teeth. Deep
fluorination is based on chemical reactions that occur during the sequential
treatment of solid tooth tissues with a solution of magnesium and copper
fluoride silicates and a suspension of highly dispersed calcium hydroxide, which
leads to the formation fluorosilicate complex. Complex spontaneously breaks
down to form microcrystals calcium fluoride, magnesium, copper and
polymerized silicic acid. The resulting CaF2 nanocrystals have a value of 50 A;
therefore, well penetrate into the pores of enamel with a diameter of 100A.
Fluoride crystals are located on the surface and deep in the enamel pores in a
thixotropic gel silicic acid, which protects them from washing out. Due to this, a
prolonged release of fluorine ions occurs (from six months to 2 years) in a
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concentration sufficient for remineralization. In this case, fluorapatite is formed,
which provides a complete restoration of the structure enamel in the focus of
demineralization with preservation protein matrix. Conclusions. Thus, the
results of the study indicate that enamel of just erupted teeth is not mineralized
and thus has insufficient resistance to caries. The chemical composition of the
superficial layer of tooth enamel changed after using of methods of deep
fluoridation of enamel. Achieving of the optimal level of mineralization under
the influence of deep fluoridation occurs within 6-months of the experiment.
Thus, exogenous agents for the prevention of dental caries (deep fluoridation of
enamel) can be recommended for clinical use immediately after the eruption of
the teeth within 12 months (1-2 times per year).
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