THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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COMPARISON OF RUSSIAN AND UZBEK VERBS: FEATURES AND
SIMILARITIES
Abdurasulova Umida Anvar qizi
Student, University of Economics and Pedagogy,
Non-Governmental Educational
Kudratova Matluba Sodikovna
Assistant, University of Economics and Pedagogy,
Non-Governmental Educational Institution,
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2795-3420
E-mail: umidaipu@gmailcom
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14685740
Abstract:
This article is dedicated to a comparison of verbs in the Russian and Uzbek
languages, focusing on their grammatical categories, types, tense forms, and
conjugation features. The article also emphasizes that the Uzbek infinitive has a
unified ending -mok, in contrast to the more varied endings in Russian. The
study highlights both similarities and differences between the verbal systems of
the two languages, which can be useful when teaching Russian to Uzbek
speakers and vice versa.
Keywords:
comparison, verb, grammatical category, tense, type of verb,
infinitive, conjugation.
Introduction
The verb is one of the key parts of speech in any language, as it expresses an
action, state, or process. Comparing verbs in Russian and Uzbek is of interest
from the perspective of typological differences and similarities. Russian belongs
to the Slavic group of the Indo-European family [
Modern Russian Language:
Textbook
/ Edited by N.S. Valgina. - 6th ed., revised and supplemented. Moscow:
Logos, 2002. – 52], while Uzbek belongs to the Turkic language family. Despite
belonging to different language families, there are both significant differences
and certain points of intersection between their verbal systems. [
Khoziev A. Fi’l
(Verb).
– Tashkent: Fan, 1973.] This article discusses the main features of the
verbal systems in the Russian and Uzbek languages.
General Characteristics of Verbs in Russian and Uzbek
1.
Grammatical
Categories of
Verbs
In Russian, verbs are characterized by categories of tense, aspect, voice, person,
number, and mood. The Uzbek language also has categories of tense, mood,
number, and person. [
Khoziev A. Fi’l (Verb).
– Tashkent: Fan, 1973.] However, the
aspect of verbs in Uzbek is expressed less explicitly and is often conveyed
through context or additional grammatical means. Thus, while both languages
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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have tense and personal categories, their aspect systems and methods of
expressing tense differ significantly.
Aspect
of
the Verb
In Russian, the aspect category is expressed morphologically: verbs are either
perfective or imperfective. [
Modern Russian Language
/ Edited by V.A.
Beloshapkova. Moscow: Higher School, 1989.] For example, "читать"
(imperfective) and "прочитать" (perfective) differ both in form and meaning. In
Uzbek, there is no clear distinction between perfective and imperfective aspects.
The aspect is mostly determined by context or auxiliary forms. For instance,
"оқиш" (to read) does not differentiate between perfectiveness or
imperfectiveness, but the context can clarify whether the reading is a process or
a completed action.
2.
Tense
Forms
In Russian, there are traditionally three tenses: past, present, and future. The
future tense can be either simple or compound, depending on the aspect. In
Uzbek, there are also past, present, and future tenses, but there are additional
specific forms such as "past hypothetical" and "future hypothetical," which
express additional nuances of time. For example, "келди" means "he/she came,"
"келади" means "he/she comes/will come," and "келар" can indicate the
probability that someone will come.
3.
Infinitive
In Russian, infinitives typically end in -ть or -ти (e.g., "петь," "идти"). In Uzbek,
the infinitive always ends in -моқ (e.g., "ўқимоқ" – to read, "келмоқ" – to come).
This gives the Uzbek infinitive greater uniformity compared to the Russian one.
4.
Verb Conjugation
In Russian, verbs are divided into two main conjugations, each with its own
distinctive endings depending on person and number. In Uzbek, verbs are
conjugated by adding personal suffixes to the verb stem. For example, "мен
ўқийман" (I read), "сен ўқийсан" (you read), "у ўқийди" (he/she reads).
Similarities Between Russian and Uzbek Verbs
1.
Usage
of
Verbs
in
a
Sentence
In both languages, verbs function as predicates, expressing the main action in a
sentence. This fundamental similarity makes it possible to compare their verbal
systems.
2.
Personal Forms
In both Russian and Uzbek, verbs change according to person and number. For
example:
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
162
Russian: "я читаю," "ты читаешь," "он читает."
Uzbek:
"мен
ўқийман,"
"сен
ўқийсан,"
"у
ўқийди."
This allows for the expression of actions performed by different subjects.
[
http://socialtranslation.ru/maqola.php?article_id=395
3.
Tense
Category
Both languages have a tense category that includes past, present, and future
tenses. Despite differences in the structure of tense forms, both languages have
means of expressing the time of an action, allowing for the conveyance of
temporal relations between events.
Differences Between Russian and Uzbek Verbs
1.
Absence of
Aspect
Category in
Uzbek
In Uzbek, there is no clear distinction between perfective and imperfective
aspect, making direct translation of Russian verbs challenging. For example, the
Russian verbs "писать" (to write) and "написать" (to write, perfective) can
both be translated as "ёзмоқ" (to write), and the context will determine whether
the action is completed.
2.
Affixation in
Uzbek
Uzbek actively uses affixes to form verb tenses, which is a characteristic feature
of Turkic languages. For example, to form the future tense, an affix "-ади" is
added to the verb stem (e.g., "келади" – "he/she will come"). In Russian, the
future tense is often formed with auxiliary verbs or by using different forms of
perfective verbs. [
http://socialtranslation.ru/maqola.php?article_id=395
3.
Complex Tense
Forms
in
Uzbek
Uzbek has more tense forms than Russian. This allows for more precise
expression of temporal nuances, such as the completion of an action or
probability. For example, in Uzbek, there is the form "келган эди" ("he/she had
come") which expresses a more complex temporal relationship than its Russian
counterpart.
4.
Infinitive in
Uzbek
The Uzbek infinitive always ends in -моқ, making it less varied compared to the
Russian infinitive, which can have different endings (e.g., -ть, -ти).
Examples of Verb Comparisons
Russian: "пить" – Uzbek: "ичмоқ"
Russian: "читать" – Uzbek: "ўқимоқ"
Russian: "делать" – Uzbek: "қилиш"
Russian: "пойти" – Uzbek: "кетмоқ"
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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Conclusion
The comparison of Russian and Uzbek verbs shows how different linguistic
systems express similar grammatical and semantic categories. Despite
differences in structure and approaches to forming verb forms, both languages
effectively convey actions, states, or processes. This research has practical value,
especially in the context of teaching Russian to Uzbek speakers and vice versa.
Understanding the features of the verbal systems can improve translation skills
and facilitate a deeper mastery of both languages.
References:
1.
Modern Russian Language: Textbook / Edited by N.S. Valgina. - 6th ed.,
revised and supplemented. Moscow: Logos, 2002. – 528 pages.
2.
Modern Russian Language / Edited by V.A. Beloshapkova. Moscow: Higher
School, 1989. – 800 pages.
3.
Khoziev A. Fi’l (Verb). – Tashkent: Fan, 1973. – 192 pages.
4.
http://socialtranslation.ru/maqola.php?article_id=395
