№ 1 (2025) Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

Grieg, a classic of Norwegian music, was the first to make it known to the whole world. The most important basis of his work was Norwegian folklore, which he collected and recorded throughout his creative life. The genres of folk songs in Norwegian folklore are essentially inseparable from instrumental music. The performance of songs was accompanied by the playing of strings, brass and percussion instruments, which was reflected in the accompaniment of the composer's songs and romances.

Frankly, it is one of the most remarkable Russian operas in the music world. Folk traditions, historical facts, and superb music content. The “Tsar’s Bride” was written in 1899, and the first performance was in Moscow in the same year. It was an awesome execution under the guidance of great conductor and composer, Ippolitov-Ivanov. Moreover, this opera has become one of the loveliest performances among the classical enthusiasts. Let’s look in this marvelous time and try to understand the woman’s struggles from jealousy.

«Solfegio» is the most complex musical discipline in which all the knowledge and skills acquired in the process of studying the complex of musical and theoretical foundations are put into practical use.

Ushbu maqolada ta’lim faoliyatida pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanish muhimligini anglagan holda pedagoglar zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalaridan, jumladan o’quv jarayonida axborot va aloqa vositalaridan samarali foydalanish imkoniyatlarini keltirib o’tilgan, Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy axborot-kommunikatsilarda samardorligini oshirish maqsad yozildi.

Today, modern educational models are related to the development of teacher- student experiences and the potential opportunities they offer. User-centered analyses are also useful from a socio-technical perspective on the use of data in the field of education, and there is a positive impact of data-driven methods

Ушбу мақолада оила турмуш доирасидаги ҳуқуқбузарликларни содир этган шахсларнинг якка тартибдаги профилактикасини такомиллаштиришда хорижий тажрибанинг ўрни ва аҳамияти таҳлил қилинади. Мақолада, хорижий тажриба асосида, ҳуқуқбузарликларнинг профилактикасини кучайтириш учун амалга оширилаётган чора-тадбирлар, шунингдек, Ўзбекистондаги амалиётга қанчалик мослашиши мумкинлиги масалалари кўриб чиқилади.

Economic integration theories offer insights into how economies move from basic trade agreements to fully unified monetary unions. Each level of integration, from free trade zones to common markets and monetary unions, provides distinct benefits and challenges. For instance, free trade zones eliminate tariffs to promote regional trade, while economic unions introduce common regulations and policies.

Sun'iy intellekt hayotimizning turli sohalariga tobora ko'proq kirib bormoqda va kutubxonalar bundan mustasno emas. Uning ilovasi jarayonlarni optimallashtirish, foydalanuvchi tajribasini yaxshilash va shaxsiylashtirilgan o'qish tajribasini yaratish uchun yangi imkoniyatlar ochadi.

The topic about the world experiences of financing startups is very broad and specific. Different countries and economic systems employ different methods of financing startups, but a common goal for all systems is to develop new businesses and market them successfully. There are several basic methods of financing startups globally and they vary depending on the economic environment, financial infrastructure, government policies and market conditions.

This article explores the usage of dictionaries in the past and today. The evolution of dictionaries from the past to today reflects significant advancements in technology, language development, and access to information.

The article is dedicated to the study of the pedagogical heritage of the greatest educators of all the time, such as, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, Amos Comenius and Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, who had a huge impact on modern educational systems. The main pedagogical ideas and principles proposed by these thinkers are considered, such as accessibility of education for everyone, the usage of visual materials, attentiveness to the age characteristics of students, the development of moral values and civic responsibility. The articles analyses how these ideas continue to be implemented into educational practices in the 21^st century through innovative teaching methods such as inclusive education, project-based learning, patriotic education and socio-emotional development.

Ушбу илмий мақолада таълим тизимида машғулотларни креатив ташкил этишда математик пакет Mathcad дастури имкониятидан фойдаланиб еp билaн  бoғлиқ caнoқ cиcтeмacидa Мapc opбитacини чизиш ёритиб берилган.

This article explores effective methods and strategies for teaching English to children, emphasizing the importance of engaging, age-appropriate, and interactive approaches. It highlights techniques such as play-based learning, storytelling, gamification, and the use of multimedia tools to enhance children's language acquisition. The role of the teacher, the integration of cultural elements, and the importance of fostering a positive learning environment are discussed. The article also examines challenges teachers may face and provides practical solutions to ensure children develop strong communication skills and a lifelong interest in learning English.

This article considers the issue of analyzing modern newspaper clichés based on linguistic and pragmatic approaches. Newspaper clichés are expressions that are repeated in a specific language and are widely used through the media, which reflect the stylistic richness of the language and perform specific pragmatic functions in mass communication. The article analyzes the linguistic features of the use of clichés, their lexical-semantic structure, as well as contextual and cultural factors. The research is aimed at identifying the communicative functions of clichés in newspaper texts and highlighting the strategies for influencing readers through them. The linguistic and pragmatic approaches to this issue are studied in a comparative manner, and conclusions are drawn based on the results of the analysis.

вирусли гепатит В негизида ривожланган жигар циррозида комплекс муолажалардан олдинги ва кейинги беморларнинг шикоятлари ҳамда айрим ташқи белгиларини солиштирма ўрганиш.

Мониторинг сети позволяет контролировать все подключенные к ней устройства и проходящей через нее трафик. Таким образом, основными функциями мониторинга являются: - наблюдения; - оценка; - прогноз; - разработка рекомендаций. Система мониторинга и анализа – это надежный инструмент для получения достоверной информации и объективного управления сетью. Внедрение автоматизированной системы мониторинга и анализа позволяет повысить скорость и качество работы сотрудников за счет автоматизации их работы.

Mazkur maqola Mirzo Kenjabek she’riyatida iymon va e’tiqod konseptlarining ifodalanish usullarini keng tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Unda diniy leksika va frazeologik birliklar vositasida iymon va e’tiqod tushunchalarining badiiy shakllanishi, ular orqali milliy madaniyat va urf-odatlarning ifodalanishi chuqur tahlil qilingan. Maqolada “iymon” va “e’tiqod” konseptlarining lingvistik va madaniy jihatlari o‘rganilib, bu tushunchalarning sinonimik, antonimik, ramziy va poetik vositalar orqali boyitilishi tahlil etiladi. Mirzo Kenjabek she’rlari misolida diniy va ma’naviy qadriyatlarning estetik talqini, ular orqali jamiyatning ijtimoiy va ruhiy-ma’naviy ehtiyojlarini qondirishdagi o‘rni ko‘rsatib berilgan. Tadqiqotda iymon va e’tiqod konseptlarining poetik strukturasini tashkil qiluvchi metaforalar, epitetlar, simvolik obrazlar va lingvistik parallelizm kabi badiiy vositalarning ahamiyati ochib berilgan. Mirzo Kenjabek she’rlari tahlili orqali iymon va e’tiqod tushunchalarining madaniyat, urf-odat, ma’naviy qadriyatlar va xalq ongidagi ma’nolar qatlami ko‘rsatilib, badiiy adabiyotda bu tushunchalarning universal va milliy xususiyatlari yoritilgan. Ushbu maqola iymon va e’tiqod konseptlarining badiiy ijod va tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni, ularning madaniyat va milliy o‘zlikni shakllantirishdagi ahamiyatini ochib beruvchi muhim ilmiy manba hisoblanadi.

In this article, we will explore the main types of modern assessment methods and their significance in the education system. We will also discuss the essence and content of contemporary approaches to assessing students' knowledge, as well as the key differences between formative and summative assessment. Modern assessment methods are one of the essential components of the education system, aimed at effectively measuring and developing students' knowledge and skills. Today, assessment is not only about measuring students' success but also about providing more support during the learning process, fostering their ability to self-assess, and improving the overall learning experience.

Ushbu maqola O’zbekiston Respublikasi birinchi prezidenti Islom Abdug’aniyevich Karimovning faoliyati haqida fikr yuritiladi. Mustaqilligimiz me’mori, Mustaqilligimiz asoschisi ,O’zbekiston Respublikasi rivojlanishiga katta xissa qo’shgan inson.

The optimal placement of tourist agglomerations within a region is a critical decision-making process that combines economic, environmental, and social considerations. This study explores algorithmic approaches to identifying and selecting optimal locations for tourist hubs, aiming to maximize visitor satisfaction, regional economic growth, and sustainability.

The article explains the development of improved methods for calculating the stress­strain state of unique buildings with long spans, using shell structures during the assembly and disassembly stages, as well as the development of recommendations for the use of effective construction methods and computational design of large-span buildings.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilida dolzarb mavzulardan biri bo‘lgan “o‘zbek va ingliz tillaridagi “ko‘z” leksemasi asosida shakllangan frazeologizmlarda tasdiq va inkor kategoriyalarining ifodalanishi”ni o‘rganib chiqildi. Kundalik nutqimizda foydalaniladigan frazeologizmlar turli xil ma’nolarni ifodalaydi hamda ularning tasdiq yoki inkor ma’nolarini ifodalashiga qarab tilimizda ishlatamiz. Ushbu tasdiq yoki inkor ma’noni ifodalovchi iboralardan unumli foydalanilganda tinglovchiga fikrimizni to‘g‘ri va tushunarli bayon qilishga yordam beradi. Shuningdek, maqolada tasdiq va inkor ma’noni ifodalovchi frazeologizmlar hamda ularga oid misollar badiiy asarlardan namunalar tahlil qilingan.   

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilida dolzarb mavzulardan biri bo‘lgan “o‘zbek va ingliz tillaridagi “ko‘z” leksemasi asosida shakllangan frazeologizmlarda tasdiq va inkor kategoriyalarining ifodalanishi”ni o‘rganib chiqildi. Kundalik nutqimizda foydalaniladigan frazeologizmlar turli xil ma’nolarni ifodalaydi hamda ularning tasdiq yoki inkor ma’nolarini ifodalashiga qarab tilimizda ishlatamiz. Ushbu tasdiq yoki inkor ma’noni ifodalovchi iboralardan unumli foydalanilganda tinglovchiga fikrimizni to‘g‘ri va tushunarli bayon qilishga yordam beradi. Shuningdek, maqolada tasdiq va inkor ma’noni ifodalovchi frazeologizmlar hamda ularga oid misollar badiiy asarlardan namunalar tahlil qilingan.   

Maqolada jamoat tartibiga qarshi jinoyatlarni tergov qilishda ko‘rsatuvlarni hodisa sodir bo‘lgan joyda tekshirish tergov harakatini o‘tkazish taktikasi bo‘yicha olimlar tomonidan bildirilgan fikr va mulohazalar tahlil qilinib, muallif olimlarning bu boradagi fikrlari bilan ilmiy munozaraga kirishgan. Ko‘rsatuvlarni hodisa sodir bo‘lgan joyda tekshirish tergov harakati protsess ishtirokchilari tergov jarayonida bergan ko‘rsatuvlarini sud jarayonida o‘zgartirishi yoki undan voz kechish imkonini yo‘qqa chiqaradigan isbotlashning samarali va ishonchli vositasi ekanligi, muallif tomonidan ushbu turdagi jinoyatlarni tergov qilishda ko‘rsatuvlarni hodisa sodir bo‘lgan joyda tekshirish yuzasidan taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Ko‘rsatuvlarni hodisa sodir bo‘lgan joyda tekshirish tergov harakatini o‘tkazishda jamoat tartibiga qarshi jinoyatlarning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlarini inobatga olgan holda amalga oshirish lozimligi asoslantirilgan.

Mazkur maqolada dolzarb ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan o‘smirlarda salomatlik saqlash muammosi, kelib chiqish sabablari va oqibatlari, o‘smirlik davrida sodir bo‘ladigan fiziologik va psixologik o‘zgarishlar yoritilgan.