THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
233
REALIZATION OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL UNITS
Turaboyeva Sitora Zokirovna
University of science and technologies
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14977771
Annotation:
This article divides linguistic and cultural units into certain groups, each of
which is illustrated with examples. Adequate and equivalent concepts of each
lexeme and differences and similarities between them are analyzed separately.
Key words:
Linguistic, Equivalent, lexeme, adequate, lexical-semantic.
Linguistic units can be divided into two large groups. In this case, we can
include in the first classification units related to culture and existing in real life
in the form of objects, events, actions and verbalized materiality. Examples of
Uzbek linguistic and cultural units are doppi, chapon, tandir, mahalla, elder,
mahsi-kalish, somsa, sumalak, sovchilik, and speed-dating, thanksgiving day,
boxing day, chicken tikka masala, etc. Units of this type are also characterized by
the fact that they can be exactly adequate or partially equivalent to each other.
In some cases, units that are considered adequate are not considered adequate
according to all aspects of semantic meaning. We can compare this with the
example of the process term verbalized in the form of the wedding lexeme,
which has a great place in Uzbek culture, and its English translation, wedding.
In the Uzbek language, the linguo-cultural unit of the wedding is equivalent
to the lexeme wedding in English. This unit is explained in the "Annotated
Dictionary of the Uzbek Language" as follows:
1. The general name of folk ceremonies that are held with feasts and
spectacles with marriage, marriage, circumcision and other relationships;
2. In accordance with the agreement between the suitors, a set of money,
sarpo, material and the like given by the groom to the girl;
3. In connection with the sending of these things, a ceremony will be held in
the groom's house and the bride's house;
4. Celebrations dedicated to an event with feasts and entertainment."
In English, the equivalent of wedding is ―"Longman English dictionary"
―...1. A ceremony in which two people get married; 1a. referring to a wedding:
wedding present/ring/sake/reception; 2. BrE a wedding anniversary.
In each of the above interpretations of the wedding lexeme, it is understood
that it is a ceremony related to reciprocity, that is, marriage. It is observed that
the process related to the wedding is in the form of a feast in both cultures.
However, in the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language, the existence of
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
234
such components as circumcision is not reflected in the semantic field of
wedding, which is taken as adequate for the lexeme of wedding. Also, the second
explanation given to the equivalent unit of wedding (a set of money, sarpo,
material, etc. given by the groom to the girl in accordance with the agreement
between the grooms) is not found in the explanation of the lexeme wedding in
English. In Uzbek culture, when the day of the wedding ceremony is set, the
groom's family sends a gift to the bride's house a day or two before the wedding
day to celebrate the wedding. The composition of the gift consists of money,
sarpo and food products.
In connection with the arrival of a wedding (gift) to the bride's house, her
dowry is sent to the groom. A dowry is a gift given to a girl by her parents and
relatives, and it usually consists of items. Based on the above examples, it can be
said that the absence of the combination of money, sarpo, material, etc. given by
the groom to the girl in accordance with the agreement between the bridegroom
and the wedding lexeme in Uzbek is explained by the lack of such a situation in
the structure of the culture. For this reason, when a semantic meaning
considered adequate or equivalent in a certain sense is taken in a second or
other context in linguistic and cultural units, mutual differences are observed
according to the nature of functionality.
As an example, there are cases where the linguistic and cultural unit
wedding is used in a figurative or metaphorical sense when it occurs in the
discourse. In this case, this unit is used in the sense of joy, victory, good day, and
the figurative meaning is understood only when it is taken into general analysis
within the context.
Equivalent linguocultural units not only record intercultural compatibility,
but also reveal their distinguishing features. In the comparison of languages,
lexical units that are similar in form, but whose content components are not
similar to each other, are congruent phenomena; Although not similar in form,
lexical units whose content components are consistent with each other create
the phenomenon of equivalence. The phenomenon of equivalence describes the
relationship of two corresponding units, but these units do not form all
connections. Each thing in the universe characterizes its own sign, and this thing
is not uniformly perceived by representatives of one or another culture. For this
reason, representatives of different nationalities can trace different "traces"
behind the same concept.
An equivalent unit is a national-cultural word or phrase that does not exist
in the structural components of the corresponding equivalent in the language
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
235
under comparison, and it is a lexical unit that does not form exactly with the
same national-cultural component.
In English, the lack of a combination of money, sarpo, material, etc. given by
the groom to the girl in accordance with the agreement between the bridegroom
and the equivalent of the wedding in Uzbek is explained by the absence of such a
situation in English culture. Functionality is also observed in linguistic and
cultural units. In this case, the resulting unit can be used in one or more
meanings that are not related to culture, while reflecting traits related to a
particular culture. The description of the wedding lexeme given in the
explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language also proves our opinion. But there
are no cases where the lexeme wedding in English is used in the semantic sense
given above.
1. Satisfy the need for food and drink, eat, drink, eat and drink. A bird that
does not eat enough cannot be satisfied with a lick.(Proverb)
2. Satisfy yourself with water and food. (about land and plants) The cotton
is saturated with water. The hand is not satisfied until the earth is satisfied.
(proverb)
3. Literally. Enjoy and enjoy. I fell asleep. I can't get enough of Diidorin.
4. Literally. Tired of enduring and enduring. To be a bully. Act wisely and
honestly, we are fed up now. A. Qadiri.
"The days gone by"
On the basis of the analyzed examples, it can be concluded that the
linguistic and cultural units present in each language cannot be separated from
the linguistic characteristics of the language in question. Along with the
recognition of language as a cultural phenomenon, special units that reflect the
cultural values of the nation and "emboss" the national character are grouped
separately in its system. Such units mean ethnic, socio-cultural views, national
traditions, customs, manners, communication standards, etc. specific to a
particular nation. Language units that include such extralinguistic information
are called national-cultural units. V. V. Vorobev proposed to express such units
with the term lingvokulturema. In his opinion, this term covers not only the
linguistic meaning of the language unit, but also the cultural segment.
As a separate group of linguistic and cultural units, the units that are often
based on reality or have a material basis and can be felt through our sense
organs are considered to have a number of lexical-semantic classifications.
Lacuna and realia stand out among them.
