THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
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THE ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN SOCIETY AND THEIR DUTIES
Qarshiyev Nurmuhammad Olimjonovich
NUUZ: Acting Associate Professor of the Department of “Political Science”.
E-mail:nurmuxammad.qarshiev@mail.ru
Tel: 90 975 90 70
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14974129
Abstract
Since the emergence of political parties, their role in society has been
strengthened, and they have been performing certain tasks to ensure the well-
being of human life. The contribution of political parties to development can be
measured by the level of political consciousness of an individual living in
modern society. One of the main tasks of political parties is to increase a
person's political consciousness, activity and knowledge. The article focuses on
the role of political parties in society and the tasks they should perform in its
development.
Key words:
political party, society, state, political consciousness, political
power, party system, democracy, elections.
Introduction.
Let's look at the history of political parties. We can see that
they appeared primarily due to the need to create a favourable social-political,
legal, economic, and cultural environment for them to live and work in while
protecting the interests of people in society.
Political parties, as a complex socio-political phenomenon, are being
studied as an object of research in political science from different perspectives.
In world science, there are still many debates and disputes about the definition
of political parties, their emergence, characteristics and tasks.
Political parties are primarily considered an important political institution
that leads society towards development. They try to develop the political
consciousness of the population, the electorate, to ensure political activity and
thus to ensure the direct or indirect participation of citizens in governance. The
fact that the concept of representative democracy has been widely used in
political science in recent years means that this process is carried out directly
through political parties and that these concepts are interrelated and
complement each other.
The ability of political parties to fulfil their tasks at a high level will raise
the development of society to a new level and will further strengthen its position
and lead to an increase in public confidence in it.
The main part.
We can see that the scope of action of political parties
while organizing society is related to the main purpose of its activity to ensure
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its development. True, not all political parties may serve the development of
society, but all of them have the goal of realizing the wishes and desires of
certain narrow or wide groups. As the political party as a very complex socio-
political phenomenon is deeply researched, we can observe that its new features
are revealed and new tasks are created in line with the times. We can divide
scholars who study political parties into three groups. Western scientists who
studied the activities of the first group of political parties include M. Duverge, M.
Weber, J. Sartori, G. Hegel, R. Michels, T. Hobbs, J. Locke, and J.-J. Rousseau. J. Mill,
T. Parsons, Z. Neyman, K. Zanda, Russian scientists M. Ostrogorsky, B. Isaev, V.
Pugachev, A. Salovev, V. K. Baturin, A. Akmalov, Uzbek scientists M. Kyrgyzboyev,
Q. Nazarov, S. Berdikulov, R. Hasanov, Q. Jurayev, H. Odilkoriyev, D. Razzokov, V.
Kochkarov, B. Yakubov and others studied.
According to Q. Jurayev, "Political party is the most active part of citizens,
connected based on a common ideology, striving to gain, preserve and
implement state power, a voluntary union" [1, -P. 199]. Thus, one of the common
features of political parties is that their main goal is to gain and maintain power.
Almost all political scientists cite the desire for power as the main characteristic
of political parties.
According to M. Weber, for political parties to be formed as an institutional
political structure, the following should be present in it:
- party leaders and party apparatus;
- party discipline;
- financial resources of the party;
- party press; - party propaganda (advertising) [2, -P. 93].
We believe that it is necessary to pay special attention to these elements
when studying the political party from an institutional point of view. Also, we
should not forget that the work of the party in the ideological sphere is directly
affected by the efficiency of its activity as a structure. Political scientists who
have studied political parties based on different approaches have also revealed
conclusions about the characteristics of parties in different ways. Indeed, the
division of political parties into types is also important. It should not be
overlooked that the characteristics of different types of political parties are also
different. For example, according to M. Duverje, "Political parties are divided
into personnel, mass and ultra-centralized types" [3].
American political scientist J. LaPalombara focuses on three main
characteristics of a political party:
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1. The existence of a certain political ideology, based on which the
program and activities of the political party are built.
2. A high level of institutionalization is expressed in the presence of an
organizational structure that permeates all levels of politics.
3. The desire to cover as many people as possible with their influence,
both by attracting voters to their side and by expanding the number of party
members [4, -P. 286].
In ensuring the development of society, political parties as important
political institutions, form public opinion depending on their position
concerning power and management. That is, if the party is sympathetic to the
existing governing institutions, it can act as an assistant to them, supporting
their policies.
According to D. Razzokov and H. Odilkoriev, political parties have the
following tasks:
- the development of a specific goal, the party creates its ideology and
program and tries to form a public opinion that approves it;
- participation in political activities. In this, certain interests are protected;
- support and encourage the political activity of citizens. In this, the
citizen's spirit directs the implementation of the party's goals, and the mass
media is used to shape public opinion;
- forming the ruling elite of the party, ensuring communication between
the representative bodies of the authorities and the society, forming the
mechanism of state and social management together with other political
institutions, ensuring the stability of the structures and mechanisms of the
authorities;
- improvement of political culture;
- influencing the activities of the parliament and the government;
- educating political leaders;
- active participation in the formation and implementation of the goals
facing the state[5, -P. 155].
We should also emphasize that one of the main tasks of a political party is
to develop its program goals and development strategy. In the modern world,
there are also important questions about what the programs of political parties
should be, their positions, and to what extent the impact of globalization on their
characteristics.
The world's climate is undergoing drastic changes, problems related to the
lack of fresh water, the spread of various epidemiological diseases, the rapid
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growth of the population, the increase in the need to ensure food security, and
the increase in the need for various other important resources lead to political,
economic, military disputes and conflicts between countries. leads to an
increase. In such a rapidly changing world, political parties need to update their
tasks and enrich their programs with measures and activities aimed at solving
these problems.
Judging from the above, today, in addition to the expansion of
globalization, the development of modern ICTs also leads to the emergence and
development of new forms of political parties. As a clear example of this, we can
cite the emerging concepts of "online party" and "virtual party". We believe that
these processes, which are characteristic of changes, will lead to the renewal of
the tasks of political parties.
In conclusion, we should emphasize that political parties are institutions
whose politicized goal is power, which plays an important role in the
development of society. They strive for power, which is their highest goal, and
try to maintain it, satisfying the needs of their electorate while fulfilling their
assigned tasks in society. Also, political parties are carriers of ideology,
organizations that increase the political activity of the society and conduct
regular research to increase the political consciousness and culture of the
electorate.
Based on the above, we offer the following:
- Increasing the amount of research aimed at studying the role of political
parties in society and its characteristics;
- Strengthening the continuation of research based on new methods of the
factors affecting the renewal and expansion of the tasks of political parties.
References:
1. Jalilov A., Juraev Q. Foundations of civil society. Study guide. State
Administration Academy in the presence of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan. -T. 2015. p. 264.
2. Weber M. Political work (1895-1919). - M.: Praxis. 2003. 148 p.
3. Achkasova V.A., Gutarova V.A. Political science. - M.: Yurayt. 2005. 308 p.
4. Lantsov S.A. Political science: Uchebnoe posobie. — SPb.: Peter. 2011. — 544
p.
5. Odilkoriev Kh.T., Razzokov D.Kh. Political science. Textbook. "Teacher" NMIU,
2008. p. 344.
