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PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH OF PHRASEOLOGY AND PAREMIAS IN
MODERN LINGUISTICS
Rakhimova Mokhlaroyim Makhammadjon qizi
Teacher of Uzbekistan State World Languages University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15104227
Annotation.
The article analyzes the axiological component of verbal units
that form paremiological funds in languages with different structures. Phrases,
proverbs, and sayings reflect national and cultural characteristics and values
accepted in a certain ethnic community. The author's understanding of the
axiological component is presented, which is interpreted as a value associated
with the assessment, present in the semantics of a paremiological unit.
Keywords:
phraseology, paremia, lexical semantic meaning, structural and
semantic analysis, content analysis, discourse analysis, conceptual approach.
In modern linguistics, the "anthropological turn" has activated new
approaches to the study of the phenomena of language and culture. The study of
the actual linguistic aspects of functioning, lexical-semantic and pragmatic
significance, genesis, morphological and syntactic features of modern
phraseology, and paremiology represents a broad field for comprehensive study
and analysis by linguists. At this stage, the level of development of modern
methodology in the field of humanities opens up broad opportunities for the
implementation of multifaceted studies of linguistic material. This inevitably
leads the researcher to the need to use a system of methods not only linguistic
but also philosophical and cultural ones to describe linguistic units. Modern
paremiology is developing as a system of interconnected social and
humanitarian paradigms, demonstrating, on the one hand, a variety of
approaches and methods for studying paremias, and on the other hand, a
common methodological foundation that allows for interdisciplinary research.
Modern tasks of studying paremias are set as problem-oriented, i.e. focused not
on one specific approach, but on a problem that requires the integration of
several areas of knowledge at once. In this vein, for example, studies of proverbs
quoted by famous politicians and statesmen have been carried out. Social
aspects of the functioning of proverbs have also become the subject of
interdisciplinary study. A combination of cognitive and cultural approaches is
used to study the picture of the world, and national and ethnic values reflected
in proverbs and sayings.
Cognitive linguistics, one of the new and relevant areas of linguistics, has
turned its attention to the relationship between language and consciousness
because language is a sign system that records the experience of humanity,
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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which encodes it [3]. Thus, language describes the world through its perception
by man. Thus, we can talk about such a concept as a "linguistic picture of the
world". The linguistic picture of the world is a set of ideas of the people about
reality at a certain stage of people's development, recorded in units of language,
an idea of reality reflected in linguistic signs and their meanings - the linguistic
division of the world, linguistic ordering.
The linguistic picture of the world in the consciousness of native speakers is
a set of concepts and values. This is one of the components of the cognitive level
of the linguistic personality, which is very closely connected with culture. Thus,
it is impossible not to correlate the concept of the linguistic picture of the world
with the slightly narrower concept of "linguoculture", which in turn is culture
reflected, reproduced in linguistic signs. The linguistic picture of the world
considers linguistic signs as carriers of a special form, making it possible to
analyze the language from the point of view of its influence on the consciousness
of its speakers and its mediation, it includes both reality and individual features
inherent in individual native speakers. By the term "paremia" most modern
researchers understand aphorisms of folk origin, primarily proverbs and
sayings. Folklore aphorisms, along with aphorisms of non-folklore origin, form a
whole layer of linguistic expressions, which is included in the phraseological
fund of the language [1]. The question of classifying proverbs and sayings as
phraseology remains open since paremias have the characteristics of
phraseological units, sentences, and free combinations. In addition, proverbs
and sayings are related separately to phraseological units according to different
features, and the reason for the difference is the different syntactic nature of
these paremias.
In addition to the problem of correlating phraseology and paremiology,
separating the concepts of "proverb" and "saying", modern linguistics is also
concerned with the issue of distinguishing between paremias and aphorisms. An
aphorism is considered a bookish set expression that briefly and originally sets
out the author's opinion regarding some life phenomenon or philosophical
concept. Paremias are also aphorisms, but they are of folk origin, characterized
by laconic form, reproducibility of meaning, and, as a rule, have an edifying
meaning. They have an evaluative orientation towards all aspects of human life
(from character to activity). Summarizing the concepts distinguished above, we
can say the following: phraseological units, paremias, and aphorisms are
varieties of set expressions, each of which is characterized by its own set of
structural, semantic, and functional features. In a narrow sense, only proverbs
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
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and sayings are considered paremias, since they perform the function of
moralizing and can claim the status of exponents of folk wisdom. Paremias are
also aphorisms, but they have a folk origin, are characterized by laconic form,
reproducibility of meaning, and, as a rule, have an edifying meaning. They have
an evaluative orientation towards all aspects of human life (from character to
activity). Summarizing the concepts distinguished above, we can say the
following: phraseological units, paremias, and aphorisms are types of stable
expressions, each of which is characterized by its own set of structural,
semantic, and functional features. In a narrow sense, only proverbs and sayings
are considered paremias, since they perform the function of moralizing and can
claim the status of exponents of folk wisdom. Since paremias are not capable of
creating units of speech, they are related to units of language, similar to
phraseological units, which gives grounds to attribute them to the
phraseological level of language.
I.E. Anichkov considered the issue of idiomaticity of paremias, which is
relevant and controversial in 20th-century linguistics. The scientist pointed out
the need to study the structural and grammatical component of paremias,
suggesting designating proverbs and sayings, which are stable combinations,
with the term "idiomatism". [2] However, we note that the issues of classifying
paremias as phraseology, as the idiomatic sphere of language, are relevant and
not fully resolved for researchers in the field of phraseology and paremiology.
Thus, consideration of various interpretations of the concept of paremia allows
us to conclude that this linguistic phenomenon has a complex nature and
initiates disputes in modern linguistics. The interdisciplinary nature of modern
paremiology is largely associated with the development of the communicative-
pragmatic paradigm in linguistics, which has shifted the research focus toward
speech activity and communication problems. Within the framework of
paremiology, this contributed to the study of the functional and pragmatic
aspects of proverbs and sayings used in speech, the analysis of the areas of their
use, and the associated linguistic, cognitive, social, cultural, and other features of
paremias.
Knowledge and active possession of phraseological wealth not only
decorate speech but also contribute to a better understanding of the mentality of
the people of the studied language. This is all the more important because the
problems of communication between cultures and peoples are currently being
intensively studied in connection with the increasing importance of knowledge
of foreign languages. Proverbs, sayings, and phraseological units are a kind of
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exponents of cultural knowledge, where the interaction of linguistic and cultural
semantics occurs. That is why the study of phraseological units contributes to
the knowledge of the entire history of the development of human society, from
the origin of traditions and customs to the achievements of science and
technology, and helps to compare the uniqueness of the evolution of two or
more separate communities.
Thus, the studies of V.P. Felitsyna, Yu.E. Prokhorov, O.A. Dmitrieva, M.L.
Kovshova, F.F. Farkhutdinova, I.V. Privalova, I.V. Siglyuk and other scientists
allow us to speak about the special linguacultural status of paremias, since these
units most clearly represent the synthesis of linguistic and linguacultural
meanings. Summarizing the above, it should be noted that proverbs and sayings
most clearly reflect interpersonal relationships, which, being a “mirror” of
culture, complexly and repeatedly reflect the self-awareness of the people, their
mentality, and vision of the world; this is a product of living speech, the cultural
creativity of the people, the purpose of which extends far beyond the framework
of an edifying statement. The proverb contains a practical, creative, and
philosophical view of the world, which gives it the status of a valuable tool of
knowledge.
Conclusion.
From all of the above, we can conclude that it is precisely the
understanding of the volume and multi-aspect nature of such complex cultural
and linguistic phenomena as a riddle and phraseological unit that leads the
researcher to the need to apply a comprehensive analysis in his work. In
addition, the use of a system of linguistic and cultural-philosophical methods
makes it possible to obtain truly comprehensive, objective, and accurate
practical results, which, of course, clarifies the thematic classification of riddles
and phraseological units, and also sheds light on some aspects of their origin,
development, and functioning of the language.
References:
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International scientific-online conference
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