Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
13
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
(ISSN
–
2689-0984)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
13-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
32
)
(2021:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
This article describes our scientific hypotheses that the domes, domes, and towers of the Taj Mahal complex in India
are based on an astronomical innovative analysis of how our architects expressed deep philosophical ideas through
symbols and emblems in each architectural part and its decoration.
KEYWORDS
Moon, crescent, morpech, pomegranate, beauty, flower, rod, lily, astronomical, dome, emblem, symbol, pattern,
history, logic, philosophy, geometry, architecture, spiral, composition, color, masters, symmetry.
INTRODUCTION
The works created by architects are magnificent, and
in this respect have brought the treasure of knowledge
about the inja manifestation of the Spirit for centuries.
In each element of the architectural complexes created
by the masters of antiquity, the idea of relations in the
ancient earth-Human-Being system resonates. After
all, any harmony that lacks inner strength and rhythmic
basis also loses its power logically. Just as there is no
meaningless word, there is no meaningless pattern.
Research Article
EXPRESSION OF NILUFAR FLOWER IN INDIAN ARCHITECTURE IN THE
IMAGE OF DIVINE BEAUTY
Submission Date:
February 11, 2022,
Accepted Date:
February 18, 2022,
Published Date:
February 28, 2022 |
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume04Issue02-04
Madina S. Saipova
Doctoral student, Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture Tashkent Institute of Architecture and
Construction, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jet
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
14
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
(ISSN
–
2689-0984)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
13-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
32
)
(2021:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS
In India, the lily is used as a symbol of divine beauty and
spiritual purity. The lily on the dome is made of marble
in the image of the Mumtoz Mahal Beg as a divinely
beautiful and spiritually pure woman and a symbol of
true love for her. The white lily is given as a symbol of
King Jahan’s pure love for his beloved wife. White is a
symbol of light and goodness. The lily symbolizes the
resurrection at the mourning ceremony. In Indian
culture, it represents divine beauty, spiritual purity.
Figures 1,2.) The lily symbolizes purity, wisdom and
strong creative power. In Indian literature and Indian
poetry, the lily is the standard of beauty. Lily flowers
are one of the main symbols in Hindu iconography.
Since the shape of the lily is circular, it is a sign of
growth, ascension. And the leaf is like sunlight. In
particular, the Egyptian lily leaf was recognized as a
symbol of goodness, light and love. It is the source of
divine life. Its seeds represent the source of
reproduction, birth, and growth in ancient Egypt, India,
China, and Japan. In the east, the lily represents the
center of the universe.
Figure 1. Nilufar. A symbol of divine beauty in India
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
15
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
(ISSN
–
2689-0984)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
13-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
32
)
(2021:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
Figure 2. Astronomical symbolic meanings of the dome of the Taj Mahal mausoleum and its parts. 1.Dome.
2.Anor. 3.Oy. 4.Three domes. 5. Lily of the valley (lotus). 6.Morpech (Twist pattern).
The domes are made of moon and pomegranate gold,
the color of gold is a sign of high enlightenment and
contemplation. The crescent moon is a symbol of
Islam. The image of a pomegranate is engraved on the
moon in a horizontal position. The pomegranate is one
of the fruits of paradise and is a symbol of divine love.
This is how Allah blesses us in Surat ar-Rahman of the
Qur'an:
“In both of them are fruits, dates and pomegranates
”(v. 8).
Pomegranate - goodness, richness, richness and
maturity. From time immemorial, when decorating
houses, a fertile pomegranate tree was depicted in the
display. This image decorated the room with great
elegance and lifted people's spirits. The painters,
through the image of the fertile pomegranate tree,
wished that there would always be plenty in the house
of the people, that the child would achieve the
intentions they envisioned, that is, that the people
would have good intentions. That is why our people did
not say in vain that "good intentions are half the
battle." Pomegranate is a symbol of motherly love,
fertility and family. Strong family life means redness,
bloodshed Pomegranate means sweet, sourness
reflects various aspects of the family environment, as
well as the high and low peaks of life, which cover the
family, and the example of the "crown" at the end
means the main crown in the family. The white curtain
inside the pomegranate is a symbol of purity of heart.
The image of a pomegranate and a tulip is widely used
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
16
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
(ISSN
–
2689-0984)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
13-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
32
)
(2021:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
in Panjakent murals, and the pattern of pomegranate
and pomegranate is widely used in 19th- and 20th-
century residential architecture. The image of the
pomegranate is also common in medieval pottery.
Inside the pomegranate seeds (fruit) - fertility, images
of pomegranate and tulips symbolize the awakening of
nature, spring.
The pomegranate has a spherical div and a flowerbed
consisting of two parts. While the pomegranate's
spherical div represents the universe, the red grains
inside indicate that human beings are fertile. The
curtains inside it signify the purity of the veil of human
shame. It is pointed out that the flower is the flower of
the people. Mumtoz-Mahalni is depicted in the image
of this pomegranate. In short, the pomegranate is said
to be a symbol of paradise. The reason for placing the
pomegranate is that it symbolizes the location of the
tomb of the heavenly man, Princess Mumtoz-Mahal.
The two morpech patterns (twisted pattern, spiral)
embossed on the top and around the lower part of the
lily on the dome are a symbol of eternity, continuity,
eternal movement. In the first sense of morpech - (mor
- snake, pech - wrapping) - means a simple framed
pattern consisting of the shape of a snake trace. In the
second sense, a twist, a type of twisted rope embossed
pattern. In mysticism, the twisted pattern serves a
deeper understanding of the Sufi worldview. It shapes
the gradual attainment of divinity throughout its
movement. Even in the small universe of antiquity, it is
a symbol of life force at the level of the whole universe.
Double
twists
mean
balance.
Both
twisted
representations represent the symbolic sign of birth
and reproduction. Morpech is a symbol of striving to
create a pattern.
The four-domed awning symbolizes that the world is
made up of four elements and the world is made up of
four elements. FOUR - the universe, solidarity, stability,
transient, that is, the mortal world, everything in the
world has a limit, a norm. The infinity of the universe,
the four corners of the world i.e. north, south, east and
west. Four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter.
The world is made up of four elements: water, air, fire
and earth. Allah has sent down the four books, the
Torah, the Psalms, the Bible and the Qur'an.
Land in India and China, a symbol of death in Japan. It
also symbolizes the four hearts. Represents authority,
intellect, honesty and toughness, and so on
The Five Domes - phrases and sayings such as "five-day
world", "five-day epoch".
The five pillars of Islam are faith, prayer, almsgiving,
fasting and pilgrimage. Pray five times. The five levels
of mysticism are: Sharia, sect, enlightenment, truth,
and governorship. Five hands are not equal. Humans
have five senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, and div
sensation). Five more human symbols. Indicates Friday
of the week. In Judaism, the number five is a symbol of
power.
Except for the sun and the moon, the five days of the
week other than Sunday and Monday belong to the
five planets: Tuesday to Mars, Wednesday to Utorud,
Saturday to Mercury, and Friday to Venus. Saturday
belongs to Saturn (Jupiter). So, according to the belief
that each planet will have its own day, a five-day time
count has been formed. A similar weekly calculation
was used in ancient Babylon. Because the Babylonians
also worshiped the above planets in the name of the
Roman gods. Later, when the number of planets,
including both the Sun and the Moon, was increased to
seven, the weekly calculation we now use was created.
Phrases such as "five-day world" and "dying five days
before death" in our fairy tales and epics are based on
a five-day unit of time.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
17
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
(ISSN
–
2689-0984)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
13-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
32
)
(2021:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
The four towers are a symbol of glory, development,
growth, enlargement, connecting the earth with the
universe, a symbol of harmony. The minaret consists of
four parts: these stages of the sect, namely the Shari'a,
the sect signifies enlightenment and truth. The four
towers are made in a semi-curved position relative to
the Taj Mahal. There are two reasons for this, the first
is that if the earth shakes, the tower will not collapse
towards the mausoleum, and the second is that the
tower, which is in a dilapidated state, is a deposit. Har
bin means that a person's life is a deposit. (Figure 3)
Figure 3. The Taj Mahal tower is tilted to the side outside the platform.
CONCLUSION
The color of the mausoleum of the Taj Mahal is white
marble. Purity, pure love - virginity, holy peace, purity,
innocence, purity of dreams and fantasies, the symbol
of the pursuit of inner beauty, luck, honesty,
perfection, white heart, spiritual purity, the color of
saints, truth, innocence , a symbol of freedom,
holiness, purity, light, happiness, purity of dreams and
fantasies. White is a symbol of purity, purity, light,
solidarity, white is considered sacred to Sufis.
The Tajimahal is an architectural monument of the
Baburi dynasty in India that has a unique symbolic
color, shape, flower and architectural piece. Even every
tree in the Taj Mahal garden has its fruit. gulmi and
others also have their own mysterious emblem and
symbol.
In short, based on the astronomical analysis of the
domes and domes of the towers in the Taj Mahal
complex in India, we have learned that our architects
expressed deep philosophical ideas through symbols
and emblems in each piece of architecture and in each
of its decorations.
REFERENCES
1.
Muhammad Fozili. Tilsimi of ancient symbols //
"Jannat makon" magazine T .: 2010. September,
page 109.
2.
Nozilov D.A. Customs, rules and symbolic
expressions in the architecture of Central Asia.
3.
Pomerantseva N.A. The Poetics of the Lotus in
Ancient Egypt // Communication of the GMINV.
В
қ
п. . M., 1977.
Volume 04 Issue 02-2022
18
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
(ISSN
–
2689-0984)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
02
Pages:
13-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
32
)
(2021:
5.
705
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
4.
Bulatov
S.S.,
Saipova
M.S.,
Xalilova
F.
Encyclopedia of National Emblems and Symbols. T
.: “Education Publishing House”, 2018, pages 17-19.
5.
The Qur'an. Surah Ar-Rahman Verse 8.
6.
Zoxidov P.Sh. The world of architecture.
Encyclopedia General Editor. T: 1996. Page 39
7.
Elmira Gul. Sufism and the art of pattern. Art
Magazine. 2000 № p.4.21.
8.
Sadykova
S.N.
Sadovo-parkovoe
iskusstvo
Bobridov.
(Monograph)
Samarkand
State
Architectural and Construction Institute. Mirzo
Ulugbeka.
Tashkent:
Izd-vo
Natsionalnoy
biblioteki Uzbekistana im. Alishera Navoii, 2015. (-
244 p.) S.-65.
9.
Ziyamuhamedov, J. T. (2021). Reflection of real life
through the bizarre and supernatural in the classic
prose of the far east. ACADEMICIA: AN
INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
JOURNAL, 11(1), 1268-1273.
10.
SAIDAZIMOVA, U. T. (2021). The issue of two
women in the korean art world. Journal of
Contemporary
Issues
in
Business
and
Government| Vol, 27(3), 304.
11.
Saipova, M. (2019). " Existence And Absence"
Models in the Astronomical Ornaments of the Oq
Ostona Bobo Mauseleum. International Journal of
Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 15(2), 368-
375.
