Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
36
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
(ISSN
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2689-0984)
VOLUME
04
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04
Pages:
36-57
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2020:
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)
(2021:
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)
(2022:
6.
456
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–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
The civilisation is impressive human achievement, with development of social setups and technical spreads, operated
by ‹knowledge›, via relational and e manufacture modes. The trails include collective breakthroughs and technology
revolutions, leading to amazing progress directly yielded by human intelligence, as if cosmic rationality or godly
wisdom originates it. The progress, based on the bounded earth, shall stop due to source lessening and waste piling,
unless safe retrieval occurs. The social settings and technical inventions analyses look as if the intelligence leads to
creative chances, adding before not existing possibilities: the ‹knowledge› is not just encoding of items or facts to be
shared, but also resourceful concept formation. The thought is skill, backing societies and discoveries, and allowing
new findings: the artificial intelligence allots parallel talent to synthetic hands/minds. The growth sustainability can
follow optimistic leeway: the earth/universe unbalance tells that the former never affects the latte; fitting managing
robots can fetch raw resources to earth and remove toxic wastes from it, negligibly upsetting the universe.
KEYWORDS
Relational Mode - Manufacture Mode - Human Intelligence - Collective Breakthroughs- Ecology Globalism - Technology
Revolutions - Managing Robots.
Research Article
SUSTAINABILE PATHWAY BY MANAGING ROBOTS
Submission Date:
April 05, 2022,
Accepted Date:
April 15, 2022,
Published Date:
April 28, 2022 |
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/Volume04Issue04-04
Rinaldo C. Michelini Di San Martino
DIMEC - University Of Genova – Italy
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jet
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
37
The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
(ISSN
–
2689-0984)
VOLUME
04
I
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04
Pages:
36-57
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2020:
5.
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(2021:
5.
705
)
(2022:
6.
456
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
INTRODUCTION
The civilisation is men’s invention, which combines
social structures and technical enhancements, by the
consistence of political frames and of the material
resources, towards human friendly settings. Men
devise and build apparels and homes, manmade attires
and dwellings: these have suited design and
construction by proficient operators. The relational
modes characterise the interpersonal behavioural
competences; the manufacture modes specify the
individual adroitness, creating the ‹homo politicus› and
the ‹homo faber›, as if these modes are current virtue
of humankind. The relational and manufacture modes
operate if the ensembles have undergone suited
training; the human baby needs long joint tuition or
meme fruition, by which the emulation and simulation
play relevant roles. The collaborative instruction is
tricky way: ‹learning by doing› becomes safe practice,
with possible extension to robots.
The political and technical notions, on the earth, link to
men, showing reasoning and imagination talents with,
perhaps, spiritual gifts, opposed to matter traits.
Today, we connect the thinking and data processing,
with parallel tangible (carriers) and intangible (agreed
readings) flows. The corporeal manifestations of the
reality have parallel abstract descriptions, once
onlookers
and
explainers
operate,
providing
observations and narrations. Computers and robots
assure efficient results, if they yield to ‹knowledge
systems›, with cognition functions. On the earth, the
‹knowledge› is contingent invention of men, locally
encrypted in the native languages. For sure, the
‹learning by doing› does not need explicit ‹knowledge›.
At the point, we shall note the big men’s faith: the
contingent ‹knowledge› transforms in ‹science›, with
physical effects describing (maybe, implicitly) the
universe trends by total galactic information. The
spiritual ruling is alternate faith, letting reality splitting
into physical and heavenly entities. The two faiths give
total portrayals, not just interpretations: dualism has
physic/holy separation; monism has stuff, carrying,
possibly implicit, quality; otherwise, the ‹knowledge› is
contingent invention, with locally agreed meaning.
Thinking and reasoning are men’s chances, assuring
aware cognition, with dependent worth. The holy or
cosmic tracks, if existent, are absoluteic opportunities,
with intrinsic means. The recourse to not just one, but
three models shows that we prefer keeping the
openings at parallel range and avoiding biasing views
of just witnessing earth’s facts. The holy or cosmic
tracks believe that, behind passing phenomena,
absolute truths hide, providing wisdom or rationality
foundations to the galactic backdrops. Thus, godly
wisdom or cosmic rationality is origin of men’s’
thoughts and discerning: the human knowledge
recognizes spiritual entities or cosmic qualities, at
least, as asymptotic truths, because the galactic
backdrops are wise/rational bases, not just chaos,
without logical and causal orders.
Discernment and judgment seem opposing the plain
material transformations and physical alterations, as if
decision freedom and creative finding/ruling go behind
mere causality, by inspired or inventive logics. The
intelligence supplies
imaginative
options
and
resourceful cues, to discover and select coherent
conjectures. We, today, deal with artificial intelligence
tools, hard to distinguish from human reasoning,
because the apt programming is sufficient enabler of
data collection and decision keeping algorithms.
Intelligence, roughly, supplies problem-solving ability;
all animals share similar skills, to plan their survival; the
Latin anima (soul) is root assembling the different
talents and aptitudes, with watch and choice
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METADATA
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wherewithal ice. Alertness with mobility and
intelligence with reasoning are bases of conscious ì
progress; yet, thinking and judging, after observing
and sorting, belong to immaterial spheres, not to
concrete reality.
The human intelligence path faces the godly wisdom or
cosmic rationality guess, each time, opening fears, if
the a priori truths permit devising plausible routes,
trusting in absolute facts; the acceptability of a priori
theories allows prospecting innovations, even when
the hypotheses need many revisions. In the following,
the attention focuses on the ‹manufactures› and on the
‹relational modes›; the related suitability vary, if
contingent or total frameworks apply. The ensuing
discussions collects personal ideas [1-5], leaving open
the dilemmas, then, the outcomes consequently
appear undecided. The open defy of nowadays is
progress continuance, face to the ecology critical
warning; the quoted peculiar investigations look at the
way-outs offered by robotics, through the coming
developments of suited industrial revolution steps.
The ‹industry› looks at the efficiency in the exploitation
of hands and minds: at first, by diligence; then, by
intelligence. The robots are synthetic of hands and
minds, supplying actuation and reasoning, for matter
and data processing. The earlier ‹industry applies to
human manufacturing; the robotic processing allows
the unmanned factory. Moreover, the industrial
robotics allows on process choices in many other
domain (out of manufacturing; administration,
business, management, etc., widening versatility and
proficiency; it becomes the critical manager of the
ecology
sustainability
after
the
globalism
breakthrough, in the ‹global village›, when the
recovery accomplishments can profit from automatic
embedded programmes. The paper reviews the
sketched
topics,
recalling
already
published
investigations.
SOCIO-POLITICAL TRAILS
The civilisation depends, further than on the
programmed technical innovations, on the enabled
political deployments. The exploitation of the
surrounds allows getting nourishment and improving
the life quality,, if the physical laws are available (with
due concern of entropy). The enhancement of
societies goes on, if fit behavioural law establish with
agreement of each entailed community. Now again,
the a priori/a posteriori dilemma appears conditioning
the organisations of collectives, in view:
•
To communicate, inventing dialects/languages
and shaping civic/social setups;
•
To transact, negotiating barters and deals for
exchange, business and revenue;
•
To consolidate, coordinating and managing
people’s assemblies, under rulers.
The political infrastructures allot worth to the social
assemblies. The relational modes of the collectives
promote the interactive understanding, trade and
governance within the assembly, because the acquired
cohesion, agreed rules and passed edicts make
possible the three-layer organisation:
•
Sociable intercourse: colloquial links of
parental/friendly approachability interfaces;
•
Fit market format: public endorsement of
negotiation determinants and statements;
•
Apt authority setup: official enacting of
governmental regulation, with cogent appeal.
The bottom up aggregation allows the parting of
closed societies, forming nation states; so far, the
relational modes cover typified interpersonal layers
(alliance, legality and ruling) according to different
Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
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The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
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VOLUME
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Publisher:
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behavioural codes, depending on the statuses,
allocated to co-citizens, face to the aliens:
•
The
informal
(friendly)
sphere
allows
understanding and interacting with civil traits;
•
The
indorsed
legality
sphere
sustains
transactions, keeping right business dealings;
•
The public headship sphere brings in the
operation autonomy of local assemblies.
This three-layer social setup typifies parallel regular
societies, with friendly contacts in native idioms, fair
trades at private rank and official ruling at local nation
states. This entails that the regularity has pace wise
enabled consistency. The developed assemblages,
with cultural, economic and governance blending, run
in parallel, potentially autonomous and fight for the
supremacy. The political frames lead to split-sovereign,
rival countries: the Darwinism competition replicates
as selfish genes, living beings and nation states, each
over to conquest vital spaces. The selfishness is
awkward tactical rule: the animals need to cooperate
at the individual ranges, for education and training; the
solidarity is vital strategy, with selective collaboration
of given genes or individuals. The relational modes,
mainly by meme fruition, use simulation and emulation
aids, via the abstraction and encrypting of mental
worlds of locally interacting peoples. Bottom up
localism is factual route and, on the earth, we may
devise three social situations:
•
The marginal self-sufficiency: with roaming
tribes, establishing detached leaderships;
•
The split-autonomy: with formation of
competing closed societies, aimed at headship;
•
The global liability: with similar self-rule citizens
wholly exploiting earth’s resources.
Idioms,
rules
and
authority
offer
regular
communication, transaction and consolidation, say,
the software tools, to typify the citizens of the singled
out nations. When the global liability replaces the local
autonomy, the men/tribes/nations self-ruling becomes
nonsense: national idioms, state legality and split-
sovereignty have contingent wort, only agreed
between marginal users. We define three collective
breakthroughs:
•
Scattered societies of nomadic tribes,
changing homelands to look after foodstuffs;
•
Country settled peoples of agrarian societies,
with worker-centred ‹industry steps›:
•
Uniform
globalism,
enjoying
worldwide
contacts and robot-centred ‹industry steps›.
The scattered tribes fashion these tools without
interferences; the nation states establish regular
layouts, with private and public legalities, under locally
agreed governments; the global village needs the
transition from the localism, to express the ecology
conditioning restraints, expressed by total imperatives
that, most of the times, impose restrictions and
oppose to affluent behaviours. With the globalism
breakthrough, the intelligence and cognition, with the
created ‹knowledge›, aims at reaching vital
consistency, unless reliable subordinate technicalities
provide subsidiary worth to the said total imperatives.
The present paper reviews the basic ‹knowledge›
driven progress developments, according to personal
readings, [6-19], before hinting the accommodating
options, also supplied by robots and artificial
intelligence and robotics.
PARALLEL REGULAR AUTONOMOUS SOCIETIES
The relational modes shaping tools, when used by
(supposed) free and equal citizens, suitably leads to
democracies, with elected government. Otherwise, we
may believe in headship by godly grace or natural
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Publisher:
The USA Journals
selection.
The
regularity
depiction
already
distinguishes three layers:
•
Planned
dealing,
involving
friendship
agreements and voluntary covenants;
•
Contractual links, presuming private law
obligations and promised leaflets;
•
Imperative bonds, rooted in supreme edicts,
engaging the all communities.
The authoritative headship needs total foundation: the
democratic election is meaningful, if the base has
correct endorsement. The nation states, mostly,
establish on traditions, including a native idiom; it is,
then, possible factually to agree on how to socialise,
trade and officialise within distinct-from-aliens citizens.
The subsequent stages implements the formal
relational frames, bottom up building:
•
The sociality constraints, prospecting right
behaviours and wicked activities;
•
The business tasks, detailing market regulation
and defining money courses;
•
The
official
onuses,
stipulating
lands’
exploitation and crafty empowerment.
The independent sovereignty of the resulting nation
states is moot, yet sanctioned by inter-state treaties
and made official by mutual edicts. The overlapping
recognition authorises the inside folk solidarity, state
autonomy and governance lawfulness. For centuries,
the depiction deserves steady consent, so that the civil
advances identify typical collective links:
•
Interpersonal obligations, collected as private
rules, for the impartiality regulation;
•
Economic foundation, inventing market and
trade options, to simplify goods’ supply;
•
Teamwork
establishment,
prospecting
manufacture effectiveness by standard tasks.
The spit-sovereignty is, possibly, unspoken trait, when
only tiny marginal changes apply. This is no more
possible, if industrialised countries cover the all earth,
with critical exhaustion and contamination trends. The
autonomy is trickery: the planet is shared source, no
just ownership of instant served profiteers. The
globalism breakthrough points out that the growth has
to be sustainable, i.e., it shall leave unaltered the life
conditions on the planet, for the generations to come:
the today inhabitants are gests of the earth: they
belong connected contexts, with coupled effects and
need practicing aware behaviours. We define:
•
Localism: shaping of regular societies, if
parallel nation states evolve without cross
effects;
•
Globalism: setting of uniform society, when the
single village shall apply ecology restraints.
The change is puzzling, not clearly understood. The
earthy inhabitants, from free and endowed of whole
autonomy, appear turned in slave, needing their
planning from contexts. The connected relational
layers denote lawfulness and authority choices, with
regulation goals, after enacting. The behavioural laws
have enforced formats by each notion state, adding
trans-national pacts. The lawfulness, profitably, resort
to religions or natural principles, to utter absolute
reasons: godly grace or Darwinism picks. The relational
modes are clear mark that, together, individual and
collective attributes are enough to typify the progress
of the humankind on the negligible planer earth.
At first, the men do not perceive the earth/universe
lack of balance: we cannot modify the cosmology; the
wisdom or rationality, if reliable faiths, are not human,
but galactic features, letting back world’s coherence of
the civilisation sorts. Yet, the globalism does not look
at the universe, rather at the little earth: falling and
effluence concern our habitat, after manmade snags.
Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
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SJIF
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(2022:
6.
456
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OCLC
–
1121105677
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–
7.856
Publisher:
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The wisdom or rationality faiths lead to upper/inner
helps, making plausible the human intelligence
extraordinary achievements, otherwise far-fetched.
The top down spiritual or natural truths, indeed, leads
to imagine the holy reality or the galactic information
and to believe in total rewards; the earth of the
globalism breakthrough brings to total hitches. Until
today, the contingency narration is method to describe
the civilian, created by social accomplishments; by that
way, the progress moves pace wise, each time
selecting advantages and rejecting drawbacks
according to the timely results. This way is astonishing,
if wholly responsible to create idioms, markers and
governments, with words/grammars, laws/economics
and leaders/sovereignty. The political arrangement
sophistication leaves open queries. The civilisation
regularity appear replicating upper/inner already
assigned patterns, with total wise or rational logics,
with godly or cosmic origins. The transcendence
typifies holy headships: the Darwinism shows
selfishness patterns at genetic, individual and
collective ranges. The relational modes easily justify if
cognition shapes have spiritual trace or meme fruition
construal.
SLIT-GOVERNANCE OR AIMED TEAMWORK
The relational modes develop pace wise, running
groups, joined by communication, trade and
leadership. The interpersonal links cover typical
scopes: messaging, business and ruling. The contacts
need idioms, built on symbols with allotted meanings;
the market asks correctness; the headship requests
authority. Without top down schemes, the relational
layers follow pace wise consistency, distinguishing:
•
The colloquial society, when communication is
fundamental interpersonal link;
•
The business society, when economics is dealt
with, by legal trade regulations;
•
The political society, when government
requires enacting fit official protocols.
The fusion of three layers shows flexibility, leaving
space to several wandering groups and nation state
alternatives, in which all individual are actively
involved. The top down version can build wit just
passive participation of the people, making uncertain
the relational modes functions at the friendship and
fairness levels, because of the compulsory relevance of
the political management. Actually, we face wilderness
vs. civilisation dilemma, requiring proper activity
planning for the later, i.e., up to now, we need the right
man-centred settings, suitably tomorrow turned in
robot-centred job programming. The top down plans
seem little akin with the relational links, in view to
substitute processing methods, by efficient schedules:
•
To communicate, turning local human
languages into global robotic instructions;
•
To transact, defining activity plans and
negotiating the suited business schedules;
•
To consolidate, enabling synthetic teamwork,
to cooperate under ecology bonds.
We, thus, look at top down results by bottom up (men
or robot) accomplishments. Presently, the ‹global
village› combines several societies, whose borders
shall disappear: the ecology restraints are the same for
each communities; the nation state parting is
intriguing, after compulsory globalising issues:
•
Worldwide
contacts,
with
information
exchange
for
efficient
communication,
business, etc.;
•
Worldwide source supply and waste disposal,
affecting the all earthy populations and lands.
The language localism, possibly, is transitory stage, by
computer interfaces; the machine languages come to
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be standard, for administrative, business and all clerical
tasks, after earlier manufacture jobs. The global
market has to remove tolls and charges, thereafter,
improving traffic and handing tools. Without economy
reasons, the political ones look at culture and ethnic
foundations. We shall remember that:
•
‹economy (oikos+nomos)›, regulation of trade
done by garbed people in artificial dwellings;
•
‹ecology (oikos+logos)›, narration collection on
life changes after artificial dwelling building.
The civilisation avails of dresses, houses and other
manmade items, not existing in nature. The artefacts
need production duties and start businesses and
markets. The ecology is recent concern, when
globalism affects the all earth, deeply altering the
original equilibria, unless recycles and renovations
apply. It, as well, promotes new opportunities and
sceneries. The investigation of these grows along the
manufacture trails; the relational ones, still, create
cross-links with cultural, private and public relevance,
to obtain regulations. The data management is human
peculiarity, traditionally involving knowledge systems,
to help storage and handling tasks, notably, by
computers and robots. The interactive links remain at
factual worth, out of total validations, unless
upper/inner causes overlap. The worldwide web, also,
is software, removing all barriers on hardware
potential, affecting the social setups since the all world
reduces to community.
The relational links allot distributed and contingent
sociability, lawfulness and dominance effects, based
on emulation/simulation forecasts. The globalism
switch to the image of ‹slave› citizens, forced by
planning from the contexts, is faulty, if the upper/inner
steering causes have factual helps. The widened
teamwork is more plausible model, when the
worldwide web unifies the sociability, lawfulness and
dominance upshots. The new model implies ‹citizens’
altruism›, looking at the wellbeing of all individuals by
the everywhere full protection of safe life conditions.
With altruism, the creation of disparity is unlawful: the
teamwork merges the objectives, assuring the
uniformity of the results, simply, by correct
programming, without the need of controls. The
matter is complex and cannot limit to the notes. The
changes of the globalism breakthrough involve the
switching from sovereignty (and spot citizenship), to
altruism (and global village); other values need
revisions, from freedom, ownership on; the
individuality and autonomy do no more enjoy absolute
value. The new top down frame refers to information
handling computer languages, when dealing with
circular
economy,
depletion/contamination
transparency and related ecology restraints under
direct robot managing schedules.
TECHNICO-INDUSTRIAL TRAILS
Parallel to the relational modes, the manufacture ones
appear, typifying the civilisations developments, if
looking at the interactions with the surrounds, after
the ones between men. After the ‹homo politicus›, we
consider the ‹homo faber›, which characterises by
adept hands/minds via dexterity and design doings.
The actuation and thinking allow planning and
effecting operations, which modify the earlier
environs, towards more friendly settings. The adroit
actor performs technical schedules, which define
listing jobs and tools or technologies. The technical
schedules progress from stone, to copper and iron
ages; the textile assembly specialises threads and
fabrics’ production, because of competences. The
manmade items bring in creative faculties: the
surrounds expand with new processes and objects;
thoughts grant forth inventions; the men ideas seem,
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Publisher:
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at least, providing comfort changes and additions. The
technology innovations typify by jumps:
•
The clothing revolution: men use manufacture
modes’ skills for dresses and homes;
•
The
agrarian
revolution:
men
orderly
accomplish
farming
and
upbringing
operations;
•
The industrial revolution: men exploit energy
and physical sources for enhancement.
The div sheltering seems to have been primary
compulsion, leading to conceive and building fit
apparels and homes. The rural upbringing and
husbandry require tricky forecast, to programme the
victualling of people in modified environs. The biology
notions need to add to the manufacture modes. At the
third jump, the actuation and thinking skills have
acknowledgment, to aim at enhancements by work
organisation. The new revolution modifies the
efficiency by thoughtful schedules and diligent task
effecting. The zeal, yet, is pilot pick, readily improved
by robot sophistication, when minds and hands join,
adapting goals and plans. The manufacture involves
acts and items done by hands (exploiting adroitness);
the second jump sees the parallel of agrarian activities
and home manufacture; the industrial revolution
requests shop industry, with progressively wider jobs,
from textile, automotive, etc., to administrative,
business, etc. tasks performed by men or robots. The
hands and minds skills allow purposeful planning and
effecting; the linked adroitness and inventiveness are
marks of human or artificial intelligence, thought to
innovation aid. The technology revolutions denote
paradigm shifts in ‹knowledge› and practical training of
efficacious hands and minds. At first, these are direct
qualification; in the following, biology backdrops offer
the details of purposeful tasks; then, actuation and
reasoning become conventional proficiency knowhow:
•
The manufacture modes typify by intents/skills,
aimed at multiple arts and crats competences;
•
The agrarian revolution characterises by
discovering the breeding and husbandry
capabilities;
•
The industrial revolution brands by the
proficient efficacy of the front-end activity
organisation.
Since the beginning, the technology innovations
happen involving creativity, with manmade artefacts,
discovered scientific truths and synthetic practical
implementations.
The
inventions
establish
‹knowledge› receives contingent credit at the local
interpersonal rank, tailed by total validation by current
novelties and wholly proved by the developed
theoretical explanations. The scientific authentication
of the ‹knowledge› is fundamental achievement,
essential issue for our civilization explanation. The
technical courses aim after higher awareness, with the
‹knowledge› increasing and discovered facts [20-40],
along basic prospects:
•
Manufacture knack, creating div shields,
wears and houses, unknown to other animals;
•
Agrarian newness, resorting to biology food
reproduction by fit upbringing and husbandry;
•
Industrial
efficacy,
including
synthetic
hands/minds options and productivity as
growth aids.
The revolutions open wholly new visions, never before
used on the earth (in the universe). The teaching of the
manufacture (and relational) modes is questioned fact;
so is the technology innovations. The knack and
intelligence appear founded on experiences, but the
abrupt changes remain intriguing events, factually
registered and, possibly, hinting towards inner/upper
causes. Parallel to total views, the personal surveys,
[20-40], especially aim at robot trails where on process
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456
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OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
‹knowledge› allows adaptive tweaks, turning steady
diligence by adaptive intelligence, possibly, aimed at
economy or ecology objectives.
TECHNICAL PROGRESSION AND INDUSTRY STEPS
The technology advances look at gathered expertise,
utilising and transforming material sources, to get fit
products by adroit handling and conning devising. The
quoted revolutions involve impressive changes: the
invention of manmade apparels and dwellings; the
discovery of animal and vegetal planned production;
the unearthing of synthetic hands/minds schedules,
fulfilling helpful enhancements. The findings are
creative, prospecting not previously existent artefacts,
crop growing ways and actuation gears/knowledge
systems. The invention of div protections, discovery
of agriculture and unearthing of synthetic hands/minds
open wholly new scenarios, adding objects, practices
and methods, for fashioning friendly milieus. The home
economy, mainly, satisfies impending requests; the
shop economy looks at general requests and actually
develops, if huge markers stat existing, with new
purchasers to satisfy.
The technical growth moves from home bases, using
families and relatives’ activity, without explicit work
place and organisation; the extant condition factors
suffer of random biasing effects and home economy is
synthetic help, giving fittingly managed spheres. The
agrarian revolution brings workers on lands: breeding
and farming entail interacting with animals and green
spheres, by focused biology aims of rural economy.
The industrial revolution starts the shop economy,
specialising hands/minds processes and separating the
workflows, with effectiveness goals. The shop
economy, out of home and rural ones, entails typical
steps, which start with manmade manufacture, to
include further activities and extra controls:
•
‹industry first step›: the on line hands dexterity
has to perform scientific work schedules;
•
‹industry second step›: the full mechanisation
runs according to the highest throughput;
•
‹industry third step›: synthetic hands and minds
adapt delivery, to customers’ requests;
•
‹industry fourth step›: the robotic solutions
apply to all, management/practical, duties;
•
‹industry
fifth
step›:
the
robot-like
accomplishment/control runs under eco-
constraints.
Step 1 reduces the worker to machine, programmed
according to scientific work organisation of highest
throughput. Step 2, then, resorts to full automation,
maximising the delivery. Step 3, instead, adapts the
production to the actually sold items, with on process
robots. Step 4, furthermore, applies robotics out of
manufacturing, to administrative, business, service,
etc., tasks, with adaptive intelligent purposes. Step 5,
finally, recourses too robotics for the exhaustion and
contamination sustainability, in terms of production
ecology. After the home and rural economy, the
industrial revolution starts the shop economy, with
plants or sweatshops, into which gathering the
workflows. The textile factories, automotive yards,
etc., exemplify mass production attainments, wholly
changing the earlier work organisation and giving rise
to the industrial revolution, whose optimisation was
the throughput maximisation.
The first two scientific steps are effective, if the
throughput finds purchasers; otherwise, the unsold
items are spoil and the conversion to the intelligent
step ask the inclusion of robotic aids. The change
occurs at step 3; in the following ones, we have
computers; the shop economy applies at the work
organisation of all human goings-on, with robot-aided
accomplishments. The ‹synthetic hands/minds› supply
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Publisher:
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actuation and intelligence, the two talents, on earth,
exemplified by men, but, perhaps, also provided by
other inner or upper causes (fully or partly) driving the
civilisation advances. The guess allots consistency to
the robot gears, operating in lieu of front-end workers.
The details cover several fields, managing jobs, say:
•
the peculiar manufacture model, identifying
the technical skill needed for progress;
•
the self-active relational model, for the
description of formal interpersonal frames;
•
the guidance on technology progression,
recalling the steps of industry revolution;
•
the advice on collective breakthroughs, openly
detailing the nation and global ones;
•
the
guidelines
of
end-of-life/reclaiming
directives for robot chains eco-consistency.
At first, we place the manmade artefacts. The ensuing
results own even clearer worth, to bring forth the
social structures, technical progression, political
setups and ecology warnings. The absolute worth
seems having galactic foundations: the physical laws
seem enjoying absolute worth. Suited a posteriori
qualified agreement allots universal class to a priori
galactic information. The universal class laws have total
status: they deserve approval as faiths, supported by
conceivable cosmic rationality or godly wisdom
hypotheses. The total operation success of ‹synthetic
hands/minds› advises believing in science and
technology human discoveries, authorising parallel
robotic ways, which widen progress options towards
unmanned tracks.
The listed ‹industry steps› show the central step 3, with
robot entry, giving intelligence meaningfulness to the
work organisation. This qualifies step 4, when the
production schemes typify by adaptive schedules, in
which the industrial robots have the autonomy the
workflows for economic purposes. The coming step 5
has to explore the flexibility for environmental
purposes, continuously interacting with sources and
wastes, to grant sustainability by automatic rescue
programming. The robot intelligence autonomy means
limiting the human freedom, for economy (step 4) and
ecology (step 5) reasons. The robot flexibility, from
step 3 on, typifies the industrial productivity, initially
developed in manufacture; now, applied in
administrative, business, etc., flows; in the future,
necessary in reverse logistic accomplishments.
TECHNOLOGY HEADWAY AND RELIABILITY QUESTS
The manifestation of manufacture and relational
modes, at individual and collective ranges, shows
trends, which create the transformation of wild
environs and the institution of civil settings. The final
progress is intelligence driven: the changes involve
material spheres, but extend to interactive tasks, with
hands-on operations. The dealings have tangible and
abstract interfaces, starting social instances, with
cooperation or conflicting issues. The technology
headway, conventionally, distinguishes the said series
of jumps:
•
‹clothing revolution›: archaic settings of garbed
societies, living in aptly built houses;
•
‹agrarian revolution›: old structure of settled
societies, fed by breeding and farming;
•
‹industrial revolution›: setup aimed at the
direct and robot-aided work organisation.
The industry is original qualification of the efficient
work organization, when men reduce to mechanisms
and the planned schedule shall maximise mass-
produced amounts, using step 1 and 2. The step 3
involves manufacture robots; step 4 and step 5 deal
with managing robots, for which the schedules have
collective allotted controls, with automatic use of
intelligence for economic and ecologic goals. The
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OCLC
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METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
managing robotic defers hands/minds’ activities to
involuntary or implied schedules, so that the results
appear spontaneous or indirect, because ruled by
obvious reasons, already owing cosmic/godly picks.
The latter event justifies by immanent or transcendent
faiths; it, also, may ensue from artificial intelligence, via
purposely-trained managing robots, which, maybe,
resort to ‹big data› effects. We consider the sequence:
•
The dressing conception, with ideation of
fabrics, dresses, coats, etc. to cover bodies;
•
The housing formation, with building of suited
sheltering lodgings, villages and towns;
•
The agrarian produces, after appropriate
breeding and farming, replacing wilderness;
•
The productive establishments, with fit parting
of tangibles and data processing shops.
The example accomplishments include technical
inventions. The list of undertakings begins to satisfy
just human needs, not shared by other animals; then, it
includes hands/minds’ jobs, allowing planned
produces; finally, it formalises the work schedules, for
optimal
controlled
deliveries
(starting
from
manufacture). This technical way happens receiving a
posteriori validation, looking at selective choices,
distinguishing
benefits
from
downsides.
The
manufacturing trends show increasing life quality of
civil societies, say:
•
Home manufacture, by means of spread out
domestic and local textile and building jobs;
•
Country produces, using husbandry and
upbringing jobs, as diversified fonts of
foodstuffs;
•
Mass production, with economy of scale maxi
sing productivity with minimal item cost;
•
Customers’ satisfaction enabling economy of
scope, optimising the return on investments;
•
Ecology sustainability, with circular planning,
aimed at sources’ recovery and depollution.
This technical way has paradigmatic reference, in the
manufacture modes, qualifying the following stages,
which show work organisation methods. The hands-
and-minds activity organisation is enabling technical
feature, allowing the conventionally recognised
technology innovations:
•
The remote undertakings of garbed societies
inhabiting dwellings and settlements;
•
The systematic execution of manmade biology
courses, for foodstuff multiplication;
•
The effective control of activity programming,
aimed at balanced unreservedness.
The clothing, agrarian and industrial revolutions typify
the discovery of abilities, processes and methods,
which widen the extant backdrops, adding artefacts,
practices and efficacies. The usefulness of these extra
facts tell that men apply creative changes to the
environs: the acquired ‹knowledge› affects the
sociability, but, also, supplies operation skills; the
‹evolution› potentials are galactic traits, as such, to be
included in the cosmic rationality or in the godly
wisdom and, possibly, shared by men as creative
intelligence via our ‹knowledge›. These hints seem
agree with technology revolutions caused by inner or
upper motives: if true, the human interposition is
possibility, but civilisation or progress-like occurrences
are natural or holy facts with a priori origins. The
technical progress via new artefacts, practices and
efficacies is complex outcome of training, notions and
awareness, entailing matter and information, with
tangible and abstract fallouts, written in stars in stars,
not created by men. The all seem to simple, to be true
and search shall go on.
Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
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The American Journal of Engineering and Technology
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VOLUME
04
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SJIF
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)
(2022:
6.
456
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OCLC
–
1121105677
METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
The managing robotics of step 4 and 5 extends the
progress myth, as if the artificial intelligence makes
total recovery possible. The progress myth is belief,
telling that our intellect permits safe growth (rejecting
all snags): the physical reality knows the entropy; the
bounded earth has source and disposal limits. The
progress we know is parable, lately precluded by the
ecology verdicts. However, at galactic range, fitting
recovery strategies may exist, potentially, transferred
to robot accomplishments. Today, the sustainability
questions become impending, once acknowledging
that resource exhaustion and surrounds pollution are
critical concern of our planet. The sustainability
requires circular supply chains: the forward logistics
have complete backward logistics, so that the earth
keeps steady trends, without global lessening or
warming drifts. Our planer is non-isolated spot of the
universe, with energy exchanges (sun’s radiations,
etc.), having undergone climate’s variations (glacial
eves, etc.), before reaching men’s friendly weather
conditions. The earth/universe links are galactic data
not modified by men; effective retrieval has
connectible reliability.
SUSTAINABILITY: MANAGING ROBOTUC
Our earth centred analyses look at the ecology
warnings,
as
non-removable
onuses,
with
accumulation of the damages caused by men. The eco-
sustainability quiz has, possibly, answers if differently
approached, looking at the disparity between the
acknowledged sentences:
•
The earth is negligible detail of the universe
and shall share the courses of the all;
•
The galactic truths, on what observed, credibly
enjoy rationality or wisdom traits.
The latter verdict finds proof from the physical laws
levelheadedness, discovered by human intelligence;
the fact, as already done, advises looking at
inner/upper origins for intellection and reasoning,
believed projection of inner/upper extant universal
features. The opposite reading leads to puzzling views,
in which ‹intelligence› keeps local contingency, starting
cognizance and creativity chances, before non-present
in the wholly passive tangible reality. The readings
oppose the thrifty earth, to alternate situations:
•
Existence of total galactic information, denting
the cosmic rationality or godly wisdom;
•
Spot
starting
of
contingent
cognition/intellection, with creative/innovation
capabilities.
The contingent situation does not enjoy rational/wise
backdrop; the physical laws coherence is surprise or
optimistic guess on limited horizons. However, the
causal inferences, if steady events, can suggest
theories with acknowledged reliability. The eco-
sustainability puzzle, then, resorts to total truths, once
supported by inner/upper reasons; it may safely
progress, if we devise causal forecasts on
acknowledged passing models, with safe upgrading.
The analyses, always, resort to manufacture and
relational modes, readily conjecturing plausible
theories for manmade improvements, keeping linked
typifying social changes:
•
Human marginal presence of scattered familiar
groups and nomadic tribes, with loose rules;
•
Spit-sovereign nation-states, competing on
earth for leadership, with agreed treaties;
•
Uniform global village, under automatic
exhaustion and pollution ecologic constraints.
The ‹widened teamwork› is puzzling model, enabling
automatic (rather than enforced) cooperation, with
altruism at ‹global village› range. The last surprising
forecast is artificial intelligence arrangement, started
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METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
The USA Journals
without public formats, when the humankind keeps
trifling ethnic attendance. The collective removes local
sovereignty, by spread altruism; the all individuals need
fulfilling ecology obligations: the contrasting shared
law claims are garbage or nonsense, when opposing
human will, to natural courses. The political setups are
routine practices, basically, individual and collective
aimed at life qualities by civic virtue:
•
The
informal
(friendly)
sphere
allows
understanding and interacting with civil traits;
•
The
indorsed
legality
sphere
sustains
transactions, keeping right business dealings;
•
The accepted authority sphere brings in the
operation autonomy of the local rallies.
The conventional widened teamwork allots personal
behaviours and interpersonal rules: settled contracts
state the legality; the agreed programmes transfer into
collective robot codes. The discernibility of private or
public
conventions
provide
ratifications
and
warranties, which assert that passed laws have
consistent worthiness and ruling leaders enjoy
recognised power. The sated result has three-layer
architecture:
•
Marginal autonomy: with establishment of
peoples, performing aware happenings;
•
Split-sovereignty: with shaping of rival nation-
state, fighting for profitable headship;
•
Social liability: with globalising self-rule,
exploiting resources by shared conventions.
The layered architecture starts from human practical
autonomy; the local consciousness, given by native
idioms, leads to nation states, with presumed
autonomous
sovereignty;
with
globalising
connections, the cross-responsible planning and
accountable operations show collective liability and
imply essential rescue with consciousness and
ingenuity moved at programmed settings. The
‹intelligence› means creative fancy, consistent with
roaming tribes and confined nations; with earth
overload, the folk interactions affect each other and
the offsets cumulate, with source lessening and
garbage growth. The creative ‹intelligence› has to
switch to recovery operations for the extant peoples,
without exceptions: the forward transformations to
progress needs balancing backward makeovers,
aiming at safe circular economy objectives. The
widened teamwork moves the technicalities, from the
individual, to the collective liability. The ecology
restraints are shared obligation, because each one
deserves complete protection and accepts the said
engagement, with fair altruism. Once the commitment
agreed, the restraints can have robotic planning,
moving compulsory eco-sustainability collective
accomplishments, along already outlined practices,
[41-66]. In the listed studies, the uniform society and
altruism of the ‹global village› happen to be hard to
justify; the alternate managing robotic implicit options
are plausible guess, hereafter mentioned.
RECOVERY QUEST: THE ECO-SUSTAINABILITY QUIZ
The regaining of safe steadiness, necessarily, requires
getting new resources for our planet, discarding the
unsafe litter. The earth is not isolated system: it
undergoes continuous exchanges with the outer space
and further interconnections are possible by
interplanetary or interstellar robots’ enterprises. These
technology innovations, actually, combine into
complex updating, already, globalism breakthrough,
involving:
•
Global communication, based on computer
networking and worldwide web facilities;
•
Global
dealing,
enjoying
worldwide
transactions
and
active
multinational
enterprises;
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Publisher:
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•
Global prospection, looking after marine fish-
farming and deep-sea resource mining;
•
Global recovery, with ideal (entropy-free)
circular economy (no-exhaustion/pollution).
The example global occurrences are modified
prospects of the progress myth, sharply stopped by
ecology. The industry step 5 shows technical continuity
and social breakthrough, from the earlier serial, to
more wily checks. The robot personify the switch in the
work schedule goals, joining minds to hands:
•
The zeal limits the organisation to efficiently
perform the exact assigned schedules;
•
The clever planning implies checking buyers’
whims to adapt, on line, the delivering.
This is central fact of the industrial revolution and
starting event of robotic: diligence and intelligence are
essential execution qualities; they are present in men
and in synthetic hands/minds, to provide the timely
useful dexterity and dispensation skills, leading to
appropriate artefacts. The diligence moves off process
the suitably fixed decisions the intelligence manages
the schedules, timely adapted to new gaols. Indeed:
•
Off-line decision logic, fixed by scientific
criteria, plus on-process diligent fulfilment;
•
On-line
planned
selection
by
robotic
equipment, plus able check of the effecting kit.
The men make possible purposeful changes by design
and effecting, as such needed to create progress. The
same schedules, done by synthetic hands/minds
(robots) grant equal outcomes: artificial intelligence,
notably, assures proficient reasoning and decisions.
Today, the ecology sustainability asks essential duties,
forcibly performed by men or robots: the
accomplishments are necessary, not the actual actors.
The robots replace men, first, ‹industry 3›, in
manufacture; then, ‹industry 4›, they expand over all
engineering tasks, to generic administrative, business
and service jobs; finally, ‹industry 5›, they swell
covering
all
reclamation
procedures.
The
diligent/intelligent
switch
allows
conscious
assessments, giving evidence of the reduction and
adulteration trends. The appraisals provides the data
on the needed worldwide rebuilding plans. These have
global relevance, entailing all-inclusive restorations, to
have compulsory planetary accomplishments. More
than private duty, the all leads to public obligations
covering every earth’s inhabitants, due to:
•
The existence of natural constraints, already
stated at the stellar and planetary levels;
•
The assignment of the specific earthy
conditions, as for source and space availability;
•
The agreed instructions enacted by the
community, for the right everyone’s conduct.
The people behavioural regulation, by relational
modes, follows layered controls: civic manner, private
fairness and public legality; they are education results,
varying settled among sociable and formal rules. In all
cases, we might use implicit structures, transferred at
the collective rank (and, possibly, assigned at the
robotic programming), or we employ explicit formats,
at the personal rank (and appearing in enacted laws).
The implicit restraints are common to the entire ‹global
village›: these can properly widen, covering the full
robot-allotted recovery duties; the explicit constraints
have to aim at widened teamwork, purposely giving
altruism principles, because the safe survival is
attainment, if shared by all world citizens. The salvage
is, actually, complex accomplishment, with technology
and political changeovers:
•
On earth creation of circular economy, with the
off-setting of depletion/pollution outcomes;
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7.856
Publisher:
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•
Worldwide
uniformity of the citizens’
behaviours, without ecology-unsafe personal
benefits.
The ecology sustainability exploits relevant technical
novelties; moreover, it implies considerable alterations
in the social setups, because the earlier autonomy of
the human activity from the natural surrounds shows
to be whole blunder. The dependence displays
unwanted effects that destroy the headway benefits,
by cumulated injuries. The damage unlawfulness
authorises apt community actions, possibly moved in
charge to robotic programmes, to follow automatically
attainments.
ECOLOGY CATCHES: THE PROGRESS ENQUIRIES
The rescue mission starts limpting castoffs and
strewing habits; the retrieval objects, first, request
extra duties (and added costs in virgin supply), since
throwaways and messes turn into illegal acts. The
lawfulness becomes intricate question, not linked to
given nation states, but directly affecting everyone.
The national biased legalities, indeed, favouring localr
citizens, denote dishonest practices and guilty profits,
founded unlawful principles at the global village lever:
the local autonomies are false and illicit, if leading to
profits:
•
The countries do not enjoy hierarchical
headship and supervision, under godly grace
kingships,
•
The peoples do not have intrinsic governance
setups,
with
natural
legitimacy
and
leaderships;
•
The citizens do not benefit of individual
management by operational authenticity
officialdom.
Without autonomy, the split-sovereign nation states
are not self-sufficient; their independence is abusive,
when it affects the safe survival of the overall
humankind; the regularity of rival countries is passing
option. The linked upper/inner backings are misleading
signs: spiritual or cosmic truths need faith; democracy
does not apply, lacking autonomous closed societies.
The legality of single countries or, even or, even,
majorities is abuse, because the instant decisions
affect all future populations. The uniformity of the
‹global village› is plausible setting, which allows
unbiased social layouts, at widespread stability,
notably, if safe steadiness is factually true. In the
‹global village›, the conduct is subject to ecology; the
lack of disparities brings to top down arrangements
with the appropriate altruism innovations:
•
The technology innovation empowerment, by
worldwide web, used by men or robots;
•
The legality acts, using the relational modes to
build structures, having uniform orders;
•
The global constraints, since the ecology
constraints
affect
the
earth’s
current
resources.
Up now, innovations aimed at inventions; in the future,
they need looking at remediation, i.e., backward
logistic duties, asked by forward cycles; the
governance switches from .human autonomy, to
ecology ruling. Wellness and affluence ask closed loop
decisions, controlling source and waste suitability at
global range of earthy inhabitants and including all
recovery requests, following standard means, such as:
•
The one-way update: changes directly link to
altered downgrading with stabilising rescue;
•
The automatic retrieval: recoups develop via
planned instruction and training of citizens;
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METADATA
IF
–
7.856
Publisher:
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•
The synthetic settings: variations add and
programmes have inner/upper continuity
tasks.
The retrieval programme has deterministic definitions,
based on the each time planned forward planned
transformations; the association of forward and
backward schedules becomes automatic; its fulfilment
can have properly assigned synthetic hands/mins’
accomplishments, automatically fulfilling altruism
duties. The programmes ought to follow standard
features and a list of example hints follows hereafter:
•
The even manufacture areas, developing many
instances, unmanned factory included;
•
The lifelong maintenance and management of
delivered artefacts, by on-process acts;
•
The continuous care and repair, with service
coverage and repair executive handling;
•
The logistic supervision, performing monitored
overhaul, with sure peripheral bargain;
•
The facility provision and regulation, with real-
time supervision and practical controls;
•
The utility distribution makeup, granting
steady supply and enduring manoeuvre aids;
•
The backward logistic, to fulfil circular schedule
cycles, to zero litter and spoil planning.
The globalisism breakthrough implies revising the
relational layers, putting, at the third one, compulsory
accomplishments, already established by the actually
performed forward transformations; our decisional
freedom has limitations, because the instant recovery
depends on the selected headway. The progress can
exploit the intelligence ingenuity and inventiveness. In
genuine facts, we resort to artificial intelligence, as
suitably programmed robots have in charge the
compulsory
recovery
accomplishments.
Their
automatic completion becomes implicit task, by
managing synthetic hands/minds, allocated to the
duties. The implied altruism becomes global village
embedded, fulfilling ecology retrieval, even without
direct citizens’ will.
CONCLUSION
The survey conclusion aims at minimal prospects, with
the creative intelligence, simply, development of the
human mind, thus, the manufacture and relational
modes, only, contingent inventions, without inner or
upper backdrops. The cosmic rationality or godly
wisdom are attractive hypotheses, which make sound
the physical laws, from galactic cosmology, down to
subatomic statistical mechanics. The detected derails
have current acknowledgment as total truths, and the
outcome is amazing, against the knowledge
contingency. These trifling deductions allow, however,
devising actual technical and political innovations: the
issues are evident along the localism stages; they
remain effective along the globalism ages, according
to features, hereafter outlined.
The managing robots are ‹industry 5› accomplishers,
when programmed for ‹circular ecology›, balancing the
unwanted
nuisances,
by
implicit
automatic
counterweights. The full offsetting asks creative
intelligence. The one promoting the civilization is
human quality, denoting manufacture and relational
modes; yet, the robots can do same raises by artificial
intelligence, or, even, we may have faith that cosmic
rationality or godly wisdom originates the human
intelligence and it is the true cause of subsequent facts.
The performed analyses do not exclude any
propositions: limiting the focus on the contingent
‹intelligence›, even without total backdrops, prospects
creative improvements, by, before non-existing
services and artefacts:
•
The collective breakthroughs are social
novelties, carrying enhanced political value;
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•
The technology revolutions base on material
transformations, with technical worth.
Both innovations have side effects in exhaustion and
contamination. The backward logistic turns out to be
essential, as compulsory completion of the forward
transformations. The ‹industry 5› becomes necessity of
the ‹global village›, asking uniform lawfulness, without
local differences:
•
Globalism: the populations enjoy worldwide
contacts/obligations, in crowded spaces;
•
Sustainability: the controlled depletion and
pollution need granting safe continuance.
The ‹industry 5› solution offers technical options,
suggesting, moreover, relabel political chances, by
aptly defining managing robot policies. The ‹nation-
states› to ‹global village› switch deeply modifies civil
habits, to manage the rescue obligations. The
managing robots directly refer to each current forward
action and assign the linked recovery duties.
Globalising effects and sustainability tasks follow
unified assessment; the robotic management, simply,
means that that the overall acknowledgment is
automatic, along with suited officially agreed
recuperation figures. The civilisation continuance,
thereafter, via managing robots, can be successful, if
the circular processing achieves the convenient
offsetting of the whole downgrading. The total lines
show, perhaps, higher reliability, once trusted the
suited faiths. The contingent line recourses to the
human or artificial intelligence creativity, which
allocates innovative ability, to transfer fitting sources,
from the galactic backdrop, to our planet, without
factually altering the universe steadiness.
The analyses on the managing robots allow completing
some technicalities of the political setups. The on
process data running provides process visibility and
awareness of the expected issues. The implicit
effecting of automatic recapture of safe continuance
distinguishes the current situations, correctly
allocating profits and drawbacks. The robotic
management has ‹global village› central programming,
following agreed data on the followed forward and
backward schedules, each tine, selected. The visibility
leads to verify if robotic creativity and aware plans
maintain the civilisation. The acknowledgments aim at
covering the contingent data in total information,
basically, presuming the detection of true physical
laws. These readings are, most of the times, implicit:
the total worth of science and technology data is
understood fact, giving fitting trust by models and
simulations. The progress myth avails of such ideas, as
if the choice of profits and progress and the avoidance
of losses and regress are absolute chances, never
modified in the course of the earth’s events and
transformations.
The technology innovative scenarios, invention of
manmade garments and lodgings, discovery of
biology-based al produces and unearthing of synthetic
hands/minds agendas, are bewildering, compared to
earlier trends and parallel habits. No other animals look
after coats, explore husbandry courses or search
robotic devices; the civilisation has safe bases on the
listed inventions and discoveries and its sustainability
finds right feet on next chances if managing robots
develops, [67-76], also, if only aided by artificial
intelligence. The accomplished investigations fancy
optimistic conjectures: looking at the overall galactic
ensemble, our certainties are defective and we cannot
conclude about the steadiness of it; looking at the
earth peculiarity of the human intelligence, the
inferences of total cosmic rationality or of godly
wisdom are plausible faiths. The outlined optimistic
conjectures start on the ‹intelligence› anomaly, in
which the act ‹to choose among, inter legere› happens
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leading to new picks, thus, prospecting new solutions.
The creativity is human skill, but the proficient
programming of robots grants equivalent results by
artificial intelligence. These robot plans can be circular
economy embedded schedules, already included in the
‹global village› legality and not in the free availability of
the earth inhabitants. The existence of such schedules
denote optimism.
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Publisher:
The USA Journals
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Michelini di San Martino R.C., 2021, Progress
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75.
Michelini di San Martino R.C., 2021, Thrifty hedaway:
Robot cooperative aids, Client Periodic Quarterly
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76.
Michelini di San Martino R.C., 2022, The relational
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77.
Michelini di San Martino R.C., 2021, Thrifty headway:
cooperative robotics, International J. Emerging
Engineering Research and Technology, vol. 10. n. 1,
Jan., pp. 1-4, https://www.ijeert.org/v10-i1, ISSN
2349 4395.
