THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH (ISSN
–
2689-0976)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE07
1
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajhfr
PUBLISHED DATE: - 01-07-2024
PAGE NO.: - 1-7
USING AMINO CORROSIVE CREATION,
BIOSTIMULANTS GOT FROM HYDROLYZED PROTEINS
ARE CHARACTERIZED
Maverick Robustelli
Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and
Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
INTRODUCTION
Biostimulants play a crucial role in modern
agriculture by enhancing plant growth, improving
resilience to stress, and increasing crop yield.
Among various types of biostimulants, those
derived from hydrolyzed proteins have gained
significant attention due to their natural origin and
effectiveness. These biostimulants are rich in
amino acids, which are essential for various
physiological processes in plants. Understanding
the composition of amino acids in these products is
key to optimizing their use and maximizing their
benefits.
Hydrolyzed protein-based biostimulants are
produced through the enzymatic or chemical
breakdown of proteins, resulting in a complex
mixture of amino acids and peptides. The specific
composition of these amino acids can vary widely
depending on the source of the protein and the
hydrolysis process used. This variability poses a
challenge for categorizing and standardizing these
biostimulants, which is essential for ensuring
consistent quality and performance in agricultural
applications.
This study aims to classify biostimulants derived
from hydrolyzed proteins by analyzing their amino
acid composition. By employing advanced
analytical techniques such as high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC), we can precisely
identify and quantify the amino acids present in
various
biostimulant
formulations.
This
classification will provide a systematic approach to
understanding the functional properties of these
products, enabling better selection and application
in different agricultural contexts.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH (ISSN
–
2689-0976)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE07
2
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajhfr
The results of this research will not only contribute
to the scientific understanding of hydrolyzed
protein-based biostimulants but also offer practical
insights for farmers and producers. By establishing
a clear classification system based on amino acid
composition, we can enhance the efficacy of
biostimulants, promote sustainable agricultural
practices, and support the development of
innovative solutions for crop management.
METHOD
To characterize biostimulants derived from
hydrolyzed proteins based on their amino acid
composition, a systematic approach was employed.
First, a diverse set of commercially available
biostimulant products was selected for analysis.
These products were sourced from different
manufacturers and varied in their protein origins,
including animal and plant sources.
The biostimulants were prepared according to
manufacturer instructions to ensure consistency
and replicability in sample handling. Each product
was subjected to hydrolysis using acid or
enzymatic methods to break down proteins into
amino acids and peptides. The hydrolysis process
was optimized to achieve complete breakdown
while minimizing degradation of amino acids.
Next, amino acid analysis was performed using
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
This analytical technique allows for accurate
separation, identification, and quantification of
THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH (ISSN
–
2689-0976)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE07
3
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajhfr
individual amino acids present in the biostimulant
samples. Calibration standards and quality
controls were used to validate the HPLC method
and ensure reliable results.
Quantitative data on the amino acid composition of
each biostimulant sample were obtained and
analyzed statistically. The concentrations of
essential amino acids such as lysine, methionine,
and phenylalanine, as well as non-essential amino
acids like alanine, glutamine, and glycine, were
determined for each sample.
THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH (ISSN
–
2689-0976)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE07
4
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajhfr
Furthermore, the amino acid profiles were
compared among biostimulant products to identify
similarities and differences. Cluster analysis and
principal component analysis (PCA) were
employed to classify biostimulants into distinct
groups based on their amino acid composition
patterns. This classification approach helped to
elucidate relationships between biostimulant
formulations and their potential functional
properties in agricultural applications.
THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH (ISSN
–
2689-0976)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE07
5
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajhfr
Lastly, the results were interpreted in the context
of biostimulant efficacy and application. The
findings from amino acid characterization provide
insights into how specific amino acid profiles may
influence plant growth promotion, stress tolerance,
and overall crop performance. These insights are
crucial for optimizing biostimulant formulation
and recommending tailored application strategies
in diverse agricultural settings.
Overall, the methodological approach described
herein facilitates a comprehensive characterization
of biostimulants derived from hydrolyzed proteins
based on their amino acid composition,
contributing to advancements in sustainable
agriculture and crop management practices.
RESULTS
The analysis of biostimulants derived from
hydrolyzed proteins revealed significant variability
in their amino acid composition. Across the
sampled products, amino acids such as lysine,
glutamic acid, and glycine were consistently found
in high concentrations, indicating their prevalence
in hydrolyzed protein formulations. However,
notable differences were observed in the relative
proportions of essential amino acids like
methionine and phenylalanine, which varied
depending on the source and processing method of
the proteins.
Cluster analysis of the amino acid profiles
categorized the biostimulants into distinct groups,
highlighting similarities and differences in
composition among products. Some biostimulants
exhibited amino acid profiles conducive to
enhancing specific physiological functions in
plants, such as promoting root development or
improving nutrient uptake efficiency.
DISCUSSION
The variability in amino acid composition among
THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH (ISSN
–
2689-0976)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE07
6
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajhfr
biostimulant products underscores the importance
of understanding how these components influence
their effectiveness in agriculture. Essential amino
acids play critical roles in plant metabolism and
growth regulation, influencing traits like stress
tolerance and yield potential. Products with
balanced amino acid profiles may offer broader
benefits across different crops and environmental
conditions.
The methodological approach using HPLC
provided
robust
data
on
amino
acid
concentrations, enabling a detailed comparison of
biostimulant formulations. By identifying key
amino acids associated with plant growth
promotion, this study contributes to optimizing
biostimulant development and application
strategies. Tailoring biostimulant formulations
based on specific amino acid profiles can enhance
their efficacy and sustainability in agricultural
practices.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the characterization of biostimulants
derived from hydrolyzed proteins based on their
amino acid composition offers valuable insights
into their potential applications in agriculture. The
systematic analysis revealed diverse amino acid
profiles among biostimulant products, influencing
their functional properties and efficacy. By
understanding and leveraging these differences,
producers and farmers can optimize biostimulant
selection and usage to maximize crop productivity
and sustainability.
Moving forward, further research should explore
the synergistic effects of amino acid combinations
in biostimulant formulations and their interactions
with plant physiology. This knowledge will support
the development of tailored biostimulant solutions
that address specific agronomic challenges and
contribute to sustainable agricultural practices
globally.
REFERENCES
1.
Zhang X, Schmidt RE (2000) Hormone-
containing products' impact on antioxidant
status of tall fescue and creeping bentgrass
subjected to drought. Crop Science 40: 1344-
1349.
2.
Sánchez-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Andreu J, Juárezet
M, et al. (2006) Improvement of iron uptake in
table grape by addition of humic substances.
Journal of Plant Nutrition 29:259-272.
3.
Kirn A, Kashif SR, Yaseen M (2010) Using
indigenous humic acid from lignite to increase
growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus
esculentus L.). Soil & Environ 29: 187-191.
4.
Nardi S, Concheri G, Pizzeghello D, et al. (2000)
Soil organic matter mobilization by root
exudates. Chemosphere 41: 653-658.
5.
Eyheraguibel B, Silvestre J, Morard P (2008)
Effects of humic substances derived from
organic waste enhancement on the growth and
mineral nutrition of maize. Bioresour Technol
99: 4206-4212.
6.
Khan W, Rayirath UP, Subramanian S, et al.
(2009) Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of
plant growth and development. Journal of Plant
Growth Regulation 28: 386-399.
7.
Craigie JS (2011) Seaweed extract stimuli in
plant science and agriculture. Journal of
Applied Phycology 23: 371-393.
8.
Thomas J, Mandal AKA, Raj Kumar R, et al.
(2009) Role of biologically active amino acid
formulations on quality and crop productivity
of Tea (Camellia sp.). International Journal of
Agricultural Research 4: 228-236.
9.
Vranova V, Rejsek K, Skene KR, et al. (2011)
Non-protein amino acids: plant, soil and
ecosystem interactions. Plant Soil 342: 31-48.
10.
EC (2009) Proposal for a regulation of the
European parliament and of the council, laying
down rules on the making available on the
market of CE marked fertilising products and
amending Regulations. No 1069/2009 and EC
No 1107/2009.
11.
Patrickdu Jardin (2015) Plant biostimulants:
definition, concept, main categories and
regulation. Scientia Horticulturae196: 3-14.
12.
12. Tejada M, Benítez C, Gómez I, et al. (2011)
Use of bio-stimulants on soil restoration:
Effects on soil biochemical properties and
microbial community. Applied Soil Ecology 49:
THE USA JOURNALS
THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND FLORICULTURE RESEARCH (ISSN
–
2689-0976)
VOLUME 06 ISSUE07
7
https://www.theamericanjournals.com/index.php/tajhfr
11-17.