INTEGRATING HINDU CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES IN ECONOMIC STUDY PROGRAMS FOR HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

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PUBLISHED DATE: - 02-07-2024

PAGE NO.: - 6-19

INTEGRATING HINDU CULTURAL
PERSPECTIVES IN ECONOMIC STUDY
PROGRAMS FOR HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT

Panuta Nasution

STAHN Gde Pudja Mataram, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

INTRODUCTION

The era of globalization of the world with

uncertain characteristics drags all aspects of

human life. Not only the life of urban
communities, are rural communities also not

free from the influence of the development of

the global era. The main characteristics of a
global phenomenon are four aspects. First,

changes in the concepts of space and time.
Second, markets and economic production in

different countries become interdependent.
Third,
an increase in social interaction through the

development of media (television and radio).
Fourth, the increasing problems faced together

such as inflation, environmental management,

and others.
Economic empowerment of Hindus if examined

will not be able to escape from the snares of

global phenomena. Thus, the empowerment of

human resources in Hindus requires serious

attention from various parties. For the initial
step, the stakeholders, i.e. stakeholders must

determine the economic characteristics needed
and be made a priority scale of completion.

Characteristics will be the main characteristic of
handling priorities.
From the characteristics needed, economic

characteristics become urgent so that it

becomes a common interest in learning the root
problems of various scientific disciplines. After

a further study of various aspects of science,
uncertain global phenomena, the sound is none

other than the unclear economic characteristics
of Hindus. Thus, a causal cycle takes place, the

non-transparency

of

the

economic

characteristics of Hindus is caused by the

influence of an uncertain global phenomenon.
Vice versa, global phenomena become very

misleading because of the unclear economic

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Open Access

Abstract

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characteristics of Hindus.
Facing such conditions, the Hindu community

both living in cities and villages have opened

their mindset of how important it is to study

economics to study the problems faced today.
So economics is the primary choice for parents

to continue their children's education. However,
after a certain period, the economic studies

studied did not seem to produce any hope. Still
in the pseudo shadow. This is because the

lessons received are not following the
characteristics of the nation imbued with a

strong religious faith. Economic studies in the
past few decades are still liberal-oriented which

does not fit into the economic spirit of the

“Pancasila”, both in terms of the system and its

work procedures. For example, the liberal
economic principle emphasizes unlimited free

competition. The competition which allows

various methods, so ethics are sometimes
violated. So that the gap ensues between theory

and practice. Therefore, it is necessary to
combine the scientific tree between religion and

economics following the application of

“Pancasila” economics. Thus, economics studied

is based on strong religious values.
The crossing of the scientific tree of Hindu

religion and economics produces Hindu

economics. Where the study is oriented to

economic theory and practice based on Hindu
religious values so that the expectations of

Hindus both in cities and villages are fulfilled. In
the population distribution of West Nusa

Tenggara Province, Mataram City has the
largest number of Hindus scattered in six

districts, namely for the area of Cakranegara
sub-district 20,020 inhabitants, Sandubaya sub-

district 12,219 inhabitants, Mataram sub-
district 16,919 inhabitants, Selaparang sub-

district 10,457 inhabitants, Ampenan sub-
district 6057 inhabitants and Sekarbela sub-

district 2,570 people with livelihoods that
mostly rely on the world of entrepreneurs

become one of the potential prospects in the

development of Hindu economics.
Economic development both in terms of

markets and production for Hindus in the city of

Mataram, many still rely on the agricultural and
trade business sectors as the backbone of

livelihoods. In examining problems, they often
use traditional tools to discuss. Customary

instruments, such as pesantian, paguyuban, and
pasraman, as well as informal religious

education institutions, are also used for
discussions around improving the welfare of

Hindus. The study of religion in the

development of the business world needs
special attention. The lack of Hindu studies from

an economic perspective has greatly weakened
the competition so far. This phenomenon adds

weight to the economic empowerment of
Hindus. However, whether the real antipasti to

such problems from various walks of life has
been felt so that the existence of the Hindu

economy is needed to attend to examine the
problems of global phenomena facing Hindus.

There is no serious research in that direction.
The realm of studies that lead to the economic

sector is very minimal so that in making
decisions economic empowerment of Hindus is

only a follow-up program because it is based on

studies of non-Hindu religion on the grounds of
equitable development programs.
Based on the above, a prospectus study is

needed on a phenomenon that occurs among
the people. Prospectus according to the

Dictionary of Indonesian Language (KBBI) is a
written and detailed statement of the new

activities of a company or organization that is
disseminated to the public or delivered to

certain groups, advertisements, and celebrity

books (KBBI, 2002: 899). The prospectus that is
spread certainly requires a response. Whether

the response is positive or negative is certainly
based on a deeper study. But in terms of needs

in determining priorities, how is the ideal study
of Hindu economics expected by the

community. So that the development of Hindu
economic human resources in the future

becomes one of the pride for the Hindu
community as the only solution to solve the

problem of global phenomena caused by
uncertainty.
Based on the above background, we are

interested in submitting the title of the research

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to be carried out in groups, namely: "The
Problem of Economic Empowerment and

Prospectus of Human Resource Development
through the Establishment of the Hindu

Economic Study Program in West Nusa
Tenggara. This research more specifically

formulates two problems as the focus of
research. First, what is the problem with the

economic empowerment of Hindus? Second,

how is the prospectus for human resource
development through the establishment of the

Hindu Economic Study Program to empower
the community? The results of this study are

expected to provide theoretical benefits as a
study of knowledge in increasing the economic

empowerment of Hindus to answer the
strategic issues of competition in the world of

work. The practical benefit is that it can be used
as a reference for the Sekolah Tinggi Agama

Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja Mataram in compiling
an appropriate curriculum for Hindu Economics

Study Program to obtain professional and
competitive graduates.

METHODS

Research design
This research was designed from the planning

and implementation as well as the analysis of
the situation through various systematic and

logical stages in achieving the objectives of this
research through planning, implementing,

observing, and analyzing data. Planning is the
process of planning research time and

developing research instruments which include
semi-structured interview questions as primary

or secondary sources. The implementation of
semi-structured interviews is carried out to

stakeholders and actors who are dealing
directly as well as determining the

empowerment of the community at the bottom-

up and top-down level. Direct observation of the
research subject, then compares the efforts

made in the context of community
empowerment and the results achieved in the

field. Data analysis is the process of exploring
and systematically compiling data obtained

from the results of semi-structured interviews,
records of observations in the field, and other

documents so that they can be understood and
their findings can be shared with others.
The process of data collection and data analysis

is carried out in a structured and systematic

manner. This study was designed using a
qualitative approach, where data obtained from

informants whose existence was known. In
analyzing the data, the research road map is also

designed to use Fishbone Diagrams so that the
research can be continued in the future in a

different phenomenon from the taking of other
research loci. Issues relating to empowerment

and innovation require ongoing research.
Data types and sources
This research is directed to understand social

phenomena from the perspective of the
participants. So that the type of research data

comes from qualitative data obtained from
interviews and observations with the

District/City o Parisada Hindu Dharma
Indonesia (hereinafter abbreviated as PHDI) or

Hindu Assembly, business people, academics,
and government officials. There are two data

sources used in this study, primary and

secondary sources. Primary data sources are
obtained through interviews with the

Chairperson of West Lombok Regency PHDI,
Chairperson of Mataram City PHDI, Chairperson

of Gangga District PHDI, Chairperson of West
Lombok Regency Pasraman Forum, Chairman of

Pasraman Dharma Nusantara Bakti Gangga

District, Chairperson of “Pasraman Gita

Suranadi”, Hindu business practitioners, Non

-

PNS Religion Instructor, and Academics.

Secondary data sources are data obtained from
agencies, and documents stored by others

relating to this research.
Data collection technique
Research researchers tend to establish data

collection

techniques

by

interviewing,

observing, and documenting. Interviews are a

form of direct communication between
researchers and respondents. Communication

takes place in the form of questions and

answers in face-to-face relationships so that the
respondents' movements and expressions are

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media patterns that complement verbal words.
Therefore the interview not only captures

understanding or ideas but can also capture
feelings, experiences, emotions, motives owned

by the respondents concerned (Gulo, 2002).
Interview guidelines used in this study are

semi- structured interview guidelines. This type
of interview was chosen so that in the

interaction there will be more focused and in-

depth communication, however, this type of
interview guideline has outlined the questions.

This type of interview is more informal, the
question leads to the subject's views, attitudes,

and beliefs. In this case, the interviewer is the
driver of the informant's answer (Gulo, 2002).

Observation is a way to collect information
material carried out by systematic observation

and recording of phenomena or symptoms that
are used as objects of observation. In this study,

researchers observed directly the needs of
educated personnel on the development of

Hindu community economic empowerment.
The documentation technique is used as a

complement to complete the data obtained from

the two ways above. Documentation related to
the above research was obtained from

magazines, newspapers, and documents
collected by the library.
Data analysis technique
The data analysis technique is a way to explore

then compile systematically the data obtained

from interviews, the collection of field notes,
and the results of documentation by managing

data into categorical types describing into sub-
units, synthesizing and organizing into patterns,

then selecting the important ones. It is
important to learn, understand, by the

researcher and the audience later. Seeing the
objectives of the analysis, there are two

objectives to be achieved in qualitative
research:
1) Analyzing the process of the occurrence of

social phenomena and obtaining a complete

picture of the process.
2) Analyze the meaning behind the information,

data, and process of a social phenomenon

(Burhan, 2001).

The data analysis techniques in this study

through several steps, namely data collection

(data collection), data reduction (data
reduction), data presentation (data display),

drawing conclusions, and checking (conclusion
drawing and verification). In conducting data

collection, researchers and their ability to dig up
as much information as possible to obtain

adequate results to do a reduction or

summation of the things that are essential or
urgent. Reducing data means dictating or

summarizing, by choosing intimate things and
focus on urgent things, and then formulating a

theme that fits with keeping the theory as the
barometer. The summarized data can give a

concrete picture, as a reference to collect other
data. In presenting data, the author chooses a

narrative way. The presentation that is
narrative text or using narration makes it very

easy for researchers to understand the context
that is happening, besides using charts, so the

researcher can decide on a research work plan
based on what has been understood.

Withdrawal of Conclusions and Check Back

(Conclusion Drawing and Verification). After
presenting the data, the researcher takes steps

in concluding, so as not to experience results in
the form of incorrect conclusions, then checks

or verification are crosschecked with data in the
form of valid and consistent evidence when the

researcher returns to the field in collecting data.
The conclusion of a qualitative study is a new

finding, meaning that the research conclusions
that have been formulated have never been

found before by other researchers.
Data validity check technique
To obtain the validity or accuracy of qualitative

research data, an examination of data based on
meeting the following test criteria is met: the

degree

of

credibility,

dependability,

transferability, and conformability (Moleong,

2004). First, test the degree of trust (test of
credibility). The degree of trust test on the data

of qualitative research results is carried out

with

extended

observations,

increased

perseverance in research, triangulation,

discussion with colleagues, and checking
accuracy. Second, the degree of dependency test

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in qualitative research is a reliability test, where
the test is carried out by examining the entire

research process. The examination is carried
out by an independent examiner or assessor to

audit all research activities in conducting
research. Third, the Transaction Test

(Transferability Test) in qualitative research is
an external validity test that shows the degree

of accuracy in applying research results to the

population where the sample was taken.
Transfer values regarding questions to the

results of the study can be applied to other
situations. Fourth, the test of certainty or

conformability in qualitative research is also
called the objectivity test. Research is said to be

objective if the results of the research have been
agreed upon by many people. Testing confirms

ability means testing the results of research,
related to the process carried out. If the

research results are a function or process of
research carried out, then the research meets

the degree of certainty.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Problems

with

community

economic

empowerment
Economic empowerment in the Hindu

community in West Nusa Tenggara is a very
important issue to create a prosperous life. The

problem faced in efforts to empower the
community's economy lies in the ability (skills)

regarding aspects of human resources,
entrepreneurship,

administration

and

management

(organization),

and

other

technical, following the results of research

conducted by Rimbawan (2012). Likewise,
among Hindus, empowerment efforts have been

carried out through various means, namely
from productive business groups such as those

conducted in Suranadi Village by utilizing the

skills of culinary food processing in the form of
doodle of various types.
According to the Head of Suranadi Village,

Narmada Sub district, West Lombok Regency I
Nyoman Adwisana (an informant), who argued

that community economic empowerment
requires capabilities in terms of strengthening

human resources through expertise, especially

working capital. This can be demonstrated to
the residents of Suranadi Village, some of whom

have expertise in making doodle that is sold at

“Taman

Wisata”

(Tourist

Destination).

However, because it is consumptive, they can
only produce and the results are used for daily

needs. As for further development, proper
capital is needed.
In addition to expertise in producing an item

that will be used as a household commodity,

every member of the community certainly
requires a lot of capital. While working capital

comes from financial institutions that will
provide loans if there are guarantees that must

be guaranteed. This situation is certainly not
beneficial for members of the public who are

still consumptive. Therefore, strengthening is
needed in terms of human resources through

organizational and institutional strengthening.
Observing the Vision of the Directorate General

of Hindu Community Guidance, namely the
realization of a Hindu society that is religious,

harmonious, intelligent, independent, and
prosperous physically and spiritually. To

encourage the achievement of vision, mission,
and strategy for achievement was born. One of

them is by strengthening pasraman institutions.
Based on Peraturan Menteri Agama (Regulation

of Religion Affair) number 56 in 2014, formal

pasraman education can consist of pratama
widya pasraman, adi widya pasraman,

madyama widya pasaram, utama widya
pasraman and maha widya pasraman. Whereas

non-formal pasraman such as pesantian,
aguron-guron and padepokan also received

official recognition. An institution that grows
with the agreement of its members is needed as

a means of completing its yadnya, both during
the pujawali or dewa yadnya and manusa

yadnya.
Head of Seksi Penyuluh Masyarakat Hindu

(Hindus Instructor Section) in West Lombok, Ni
Wayan Sutini (an informant) stated that the

number of non-formal pasraman in West
Lombok was quite large, however, in its time

disappeared due to its founders were gone, and
from an institutional standpoint it was not

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formally managed and besides it was the most
mandatory problem absence of good care.

According to data of pasraman in 2014, there
are 35 pasramans institutions according; only

12 pasramans are active.
Among them, Pasraman of Gita Suranadi, which

was founded by I Nengah Sumandra? According
to it, I Nengah Sumandra (an informant) who in

general outlined that pasraman that he had
pioneered a few years ago specifically educated

children of primary, junior high, and senior high
school around Suranadi village. In addition to

students learning to read and write Balinese
script and Hindu teachings, they are introduced

to ways of achieving prosperity through a
creative economy where the products are in the

form of doodle culinary preparations. Doodle
material is not only from jackfruit but also from

green beans. Because the Suranadi area is a

tourism area, these processed products are
targeted by tourists visiting the beauty of the

Suranadi tourism forest. With their abilities,
they will be able to become reliable

interpersonal according to all of our
expectations.
Pasraman functions in the industrial era should

take advantage of opportunities for economic
empowerment. Not merely mental education,

but education that is competitive in the world of

work. Narmada sub-district, West Lombok
Regency, according to I Nengah Sumandra (an

informant), especially materials that are
oriented towards entrepreneurship. In the

practice of entrepreneurship is very laden with
the values of independence, trying to be

tenacious without tireless. Entrepreneurship
education applied early on will be firmly

embedded in his personality.
According to the Chairman of the Pasraman

Forum in West Lombok Regency, I Putu
Suardana (an informant) stated that the

establishment of pasraman was certainly an
opportunity for the alumni of the Gde Pudja

Mataram State Hindu Collage to get a job. Now
the pasraman function is not solely to father

only. But, it can create job opportunities by
finding one's salary. Many productive economic

sectors can be utilized, for example, such as
making canang (means of ritual) and then

selling it in the market. There are a few of
pasramans under the coordination of the forum,

pasraman who are in Gunung Sari and Gerung
have innovations in empowering the

community's economy.
Pasraman as an institution that was born from

the initiative of community leaders and the aim
is to save the next generation through

traditional ethics education in the agrarian
community, it is time now to open as wide

opportunities as possible to the industrial
community. Although the impression is forced

due to the influence of advanced digital
technology, Pasraman must have the courage to

go through phases towards the Industrial
Revolution 4.0. Like, what was conveyed by the

Chairperson of the Lobar Pasraman Forum,

alumni of Gde Pudja Mataram State Hindu
Collage who have received tertiary education

certainly have the power to break down
through the innovation they have had for the

progress of the pasraman they manage.
Whereas the penyuluh Agama Hindu (Hindu

religious instructor) in Lingsar sub-district,

Komang Wenten (an informant) stated that the
economic empowerment of the people for

Hindus was very difficult because of the existing

limitations, the guidance that was carried out by
the authorities had no follow-up so that the

current conditions of Hindu entrepreneurs
were still individually. From this condition it

can be said that the potential for Hindu
entrepreneurship does exist, it only needs

further handling, especially capital assistance.
During this time, capital assistance for the

sustainability of the economic empowerment of
Hindus from government agencies does not yet

exist, if any through banjar (traditional Balinese
institutions) is not the authority of the

instructor.
Potential business development among Hindus,

in the Lingsar sub-district area, already exists,
especially in Dusun Seraya (sub-village of

Seraya) there are pig entrepreneurs that can be
developed as a group. Likewise separately, the

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Head of the West Lombok Regency Cooperative
Service, who was also entrusted by the

community to be the Chairperson of West
Lombok's Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia

(Hindu institutions), I Nyoman Sembah (an
informant), said that to empower the economy

of Hindus in West Lombok by inviting Hindus to
create cooperative institutions, because Hindus

in each banjar itself have managed the banjar

income. So that the formal legal needs to be
improved because it is contained in the 1945

Constitution.

Secondly,

to

access

the

development progress in empowering the

people, the government has provided and
prepared funds by accessing through banks,

there is the name of people's business loans
with light interest, ultra-micro names in

pawnshops as well as interest small, LPDP
quality assurance and others. Now, how do

people take advantage of government
assistance by managing capital. So, the issue of

financial assistance is no longer a problem. In
the position of Parisada, West Lombok Regency,

we have carried out the activities contained in

the PHDI work program, which recently invited
30 farmers in Batu Putik to access the Kredir

Usaha Rakyat (people's business credit) at Bank
Pembangunan Daerah (BPD) or regional

development banks by direct delivery. Then, we
have invited Lendang Guar cattle farmers to

BPD, and then we access the craftsmen in
Rincung to Mandiri Bank.
The economic empowerment of the community

requires a helping hand from the local

government regarding the capital process,
besides that, some are self-employed so that

their business goes according to plan. Among
them, the culinary businessman of pig rolls for

his needs for Hindus in the Dusun Lamper,
Jagaraga Village, Kuripan sub-district, West

Lombok.
I Wayan Banjar (an informant), an employee of

the Slaughterer of Animal Pig I Komang Juwet

(an informant) having his address at the Dusun

Lamper, in general, revealed that there are
about eight pig farmers in Jagaraga Village who

have three to four permanent employees. They
are in charge of capturing, cleaning to cut, or

roll. For one pig, the catch wage is IDR. 20,000
(IDR is Indonesian currency, the wage clears

IDR 50,000, the wage rolls over IDR 60,000. So
the total is IDR 130,000. Every day we receive

an average of 2 orders, sometimes more so that
the daily income is sufficient for the daily needs

of the family.
Based on the above phenomena and based on

existing theoretical studies it can be said that
the economic empowerment of Hindu

communities in West Lombok Regency, North
Lombok Regency, and Mataram city has begun

even though it is still the embryonic stage of a
cooperative. While the mechanism of work with

a sincere desire to manage from citizens is a
means of input which means that before being

processed into a useful output. Causally, it will
answer the reasons for the desire to sit together

at one table to solve the problem of

empowerment despite the results in the form of
a desire to further supplement.
Achieving hope for prosperity for people

through economic empowerment is certainly
not as easy as planned. This happens, due to

disruption from an organization. Where
disruption or removal of something from the

roots due to technological evolution is so fast
that organizational culture requires change.
For this, several components and stages are

needed which should be carried out in the

action plan:
1) Joint awareness in solving economic

empowerment problems for all components.

Awareness is the response from the stimulus

given first. Stimuli (stimulus) in the form of
verbal and non-verbal stimulants in the form of

infrastructure are very useful in motivating
collective awareness. The role of extension

workers, formal educational institutions, and
functional apparatuses is at least the main

bearer.
2) Formulating a strategic plan in the field of

economic empowerment, is an inspiration and

captures business opportunities that support

the economic empowerment of Hindus.
Inspiration about the carrying capacity of

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performing rituals without cost is opportunities
that should be formulated strategically.
3) Inventory of resources considered to be able

to contribute directly to the empowerment

process is a crucial step in achieving
innovations; an inventory of breakthroughs in

capital ideas and structures is a concrete step of
strategic implementation.
4) The alignment or harmonization of the

program with the agency that holds the policy in
economic empowerment is a common desirable

expectation. The hope of the people who set up
a business entity for the common interest would

certainly not be able to find a way following

what they thought. The obstacles that will be
facing from various directions, especially the

level of inflation fluctuations that kill the joints
of the economy in addition to unforeseen events

such as natural disasters such as those
experienced by Hindu entrepreneurs in the

districts of North Lombok and West Lombok.
The role of government agencies, PHDI, and

related agencies, is needed in achieving the
intended expectations, of course, concrete

efforts in the form of coaching are one of the
logical consequences.
The rise of ideas or ideas to realize a productive

economic institution from the lower levels of

society voiced by its leaders certainly becomes
a priority scale in the development of Hindus.

Government institutions, in this case, namely
the Hindu Guidance of the Ministry of Religion

Affair of the Republic of Indonesia as the bearer
of Government Regulation Number 55 in 2007,

then followed up with the Regulation of the
Minister of Religion Affair of the Republic

Indonesia Number 56 in 2017 on Hindu
Religious Education is an innovation to answer

hopes for the economic empowerment of the

people through strengthening the world of
religious education Hindu.
Cooperatives in general based on Law Number

12 in 2012 concerning cooperatives are legal
entities established by individuals or

cooperative legal entities with the separation of
the members' wealth as capital to run a

business, which meets the aspirations and

common needs in the economic, social, and
cultural fields following cooperative values and

principles (Chapter I, Article 1, paragraph 1).
This means that this institution is a fostered

area for the Ministry of Cooperatives which is
decentralized given full authority for the

Regional Government to develop it.

Prospectus

of

human

resource

development through the establishment of a
Hindu economic study program
The prospectus interview for the development

of Human Resources through education was
conducted with several speakers who were

stakeholders in the Hindu community.

Development through education has been
proclaimed by Hindus through pasraman

pattern education that uses formal and non-
formal

pasraman

education

models.

Specifically, for formal education it has been
divided into stages from Pratama Widya

Pasraman for Kindergarden levels, Adi Widya
Pasraman for elementary level, Madyama

Widya Pasraman for junior high school level,
Utama Widya Pasraman for senior high school

level, and Maha Widya Pasraman for the college
or university level.
"The development of education that deepens

the economy of tertiary institutions is very

much needed; moreover the economic
development of Hinduism must discuss what is

permissible according to religion, for example,
the consequences of setting interest rates that

are too high and others. Moreover, Mataran
state Hindu Collage of Gde Pudja wants to

improve his status to become an institute,
recently as Chairman of the PHDI Lobar has

recommended that the world of education in
Hinduism has advanced, "said Chairman of the

West Lombok PHDI (I Nyoman Sembah (an

informant)
The development of education greatly

encourages the economic empowerment of

Hindus. Especially for pure entrepreneurs who
do not rely on themselves as government

officials and private employees. They will be
able to think logically in making decisions. So

that the entrepreneurs only have to think about

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the formation of working capital for the smooth
running of their efforts pursued by public

institutions through the formation of
cooperatives. Chairman of the PHDI of Mataram

City, Ida Made Santi Adnya (an informant) said
that the main momentum for the economic

empowerment of the people is that the
collaboration between the Central PHDI

Economic Team and the Minister of

Cooperatives needs to be followed up by PHDI
in the regions, including the PHDI of Mataram

City as an element of Hindu community in the
region. In the future, for the PHDI Mataram City

program in 2018/2023, especially economic
empowerment so that it is not only limited to

discourse. PHDI Mataram City will pick up this
program by creating a cooperative. Second, how

to take advantage of five percent of MSME funds
poured by the relevant agencies to the people.

Then it takes reliable personnel or resources for
its management if the Hindu College of Religion

through its economic study program may
establish a partnership in building a pillar of

national development in this case the PHDI

Mataram city cooperative.
On a different occasion, Chairman of the

Mataram City Pasraman Forum, Ni Nyoman

Maryani (an informant) said that basically, it is
very good if the cooperative is realized through

pasraman, the important thing is that the
management is already available and

professional, capital and management design so
that they understand so that they are not

stagnant in the middle of the road. For this

reason, there needs to be synergy with
universities, especially Sekolah Tinggi Agama

Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja Mataram, which opens
economics majors so that cooperatives that are

built can be effectively active. Besides that, we
have to sit down with the figures before

deciding whether Pasraman cooperatives can
be realized.
Pasraman as an educational institution is quite

relevant in managing a business organization

such as a cooperative. Because pasraman will
provide employment opportunities for its

members after completing the level of
education they have taken. I Wayan Kastawa (an

informant) as Chairperson of Pasraman
Sidimantra Batu Dawe who said that he teaches

students and pasraman also make skills in
making woven material from ropes. Its products

are in the form of pretentiousness for offerings.
However, the problem is the capital to buy

materials and also if the distribution is not
smooth. With the economic study program, we

hope these problems can be resolved.
Hopes arise for pasraman as formal and non-

formal Hindu educational institutions in
developing themselves after their students have

finished studying. The world of work needs
skills, but from the manager's point of view, if

you don't have entrepreneurial skills, it will
certainly be a major obstacle in the process of

self-development.

Chairperson

of

Desa

Pakraman Pagutan, I Komang Tegeg Sitanarai

(an informant) stated that after being

interviewed by the authors stating the same
thing, the obstacle is capital. During his

leadership, to unite of pakraman Village gave
birth to an economic empowerment program in

the form of establishing a cooperative for the
village. Capital from members of the pakraman

(community), by cooperatives, is rotated in such
a way as competitive interest when compared

to similar cooperatives. Royalties of 20% per
year are managed for the implementation of

routine activities organized by Pakraman
Village such as pujawali, temple repairs, and

others. Loans by residents without collateral
are only recommendations by the Head of the

Environment so that the villagers of pakraman

are enthusiastic about borrowing. The problem
lies in increasing business capital. If you can

realize the Mataram city PHDI program that
agreed to have an MoU with Gianyar PHDI, then

capital would be light.
Mid-2018, the PHDI of Mataram city in

completing its work program had a chance to do

a tirtayatra and a comparative study to PHDI in
Gianyar regency. On that occasion, the two

leaders made a cooperation agreement in

empowering the community's economy.
Previously, organizations in the move were

formalized in the form of Social Education

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Institutions and Community Empowerment
with the strength of a permanent Notary Deed.

This institution has fields of activities such as
boarding and other fields. Pesantian have been

collected in Batu Ringgit and Bayan. I Wayan
Sadura (an informant), Chairman of Pasraman

Dharma Nusantara Bhakti said they will plan to
create a pasraman cooperative to improve the

welfare of the community, but until now it has

not been realized even though there are quite a
lot of members. Human resource constraints in

managing, to follow up we have collected young
seedlings who want to be fostered; hopefully,

the participation of District and Provincial PHDI
in fostering can be realized immediately.
The hope for the establishment of the

cooperative will cover all of banjars in the
Gangga region. So that the rotation of

cooperative assets can help social activities in

the form of piodalan which is celebrated
annually by Hindus. Aside from loans with mild

dispose of, they can be used as working capital
by the local community. The source of

cooperative funds is certainly from the
compulsory contributions of members who are

collected every month with a certain amount, in
addition to voluntary contributions.
I Gusti Gde Mangku Padang (an informant),

PHDI Chairperson of North Lombok Regency,

from the results of his interview with the
author, said that to empower Hinduism in the

North Lombok Regency, the People's Welfare
group had been formed through the

membership of several PHDI administrators in
North Lombok, the funds have been utilized by

members to date. Empowerment experienced
obstacles due to the earthquake that shook

North Lombok Regency, but we have no less
sense we created empowerment groups for

transportation, and vegetable crops such as
cucumbers, mackerel, and others. For

transportation, the emperor's three-wheeled
motorcycle destined to transport waste can be

used to transport merchandise to the market.
The chairman of the krama pura West Nusa

Tenggara Foundation, I Ketut Lestra (an
informant) interviewed on a different occasion

stated that Banjar of “Tri Parartha Perumnas”

had an organization like a cooperative which

was called Kesra (public welfare) since its
establishment until now the capital turnover

has reached IDR. 500,000,000. Its members are
much disciplined in meeting obligations when

borrowing money. So that capital problems are
not an obstacle. Welfare is an abbreviation for

people's welfare, the organizational structure is

still conventional, and namely the chairman,
secretary, and treasurer like other existing

organizations. We hope to create a professional
cooperative for a long time, but there are no

obstacles to manage it. Hopefully with the
economics department at STAHN can provide a

way out towards conditions expected by the
community.
From the results of interviews with some of the

sources above, it can be formulated that there is

a desire that the Hindu Equality College in this
case STAHN Gde Pudja Mataram open

opportunities for higher education to examine
the economic problems of Hindus. This desire

was welcomed by the institute by submitting a
proposal for the establishment of the opening of

the Hindu Economic Study Program and was
approved through the Decree of the Director-

General of Hindu Community Guidance Number
129 in 2017 concerning the opening of the

Hindu Economic Study Program at STAHN Gde
Pudja Mataram. Alternative opening of the

Hindu Economic Study Program is one of the
hopes of the people who want to improve

welfare

through

community

economic

empowerment.
Economic studies, known as a branch of social

science with a technical focus on trying to form

a company, are priorities in solving the
economic downturn experienced by society

today. Economic studies are one of the studies
of educational institutions, especially at

universities. Of course, due to the choice of
establishing a Hindu Economic Study Program

for STAHN Gde Pudja Mataram, a curriculum

that is ready to compete in the world of work is
needed.
Professor Ida Bagus Raka Suardana (an

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informant) from the University of Pendidikan
Nasional Denpasar said that ideally, the

development of Hindu human resources
prioritizes the field of entrepreneurship studies,

how to examine how students look at
opportunities, then relate them to their ability

or skills to take advantage of these
opportunities and their ability to obtain

affordable funding (funding/capital). I Wayan

Wirata (an informant) Chair of the Hindu
Broadcasting Agency PHDI NTB in his interview

with the writer on 16 November 2018 said that
there were three things in studying the Hindu

economic curriculum to compete in the world of
work. First, the elaboration of the curriculum

with other tertiary institutions, secondly the
determination of colors following the

expectations of the Hindus. Third, at least
following the regulations on the KKNI-based

curriculum.
Putu Mahardika Adi Saputra (an informant) said

that the Hindu economic study program should
study several core courses such as international

economics, macroeconomics, microeconomics,
development economics, monetary economics,

resource economics human, economic and
financial institutions introduction to economics.

The solution so that the Economic Study
Program continues to run if there are more

teaching staff in Management, the Hindu
Economic Study Program should concentrate on

implementing the curriculum and adjust it to
the graduation profile formulated by the Study

Program. The concentration that I recommend

is Management and Entrepreneurship.
By implementing a curriculum based on KKNI

which emphasizes the achievement of graduate

learning (CPL) consisting of elements of
attitude, knowledge, general skills, and special

skills. Hindu economics study program students
are expected to be able to apply their fields of

expertise by utilizing science, technology and or
art in their fields in solving problems and being

able to adapt to the situation they face after

completing the first level.
Pasraman is a Hindu religious education

institution that specifically handles formal and

non-formal education with a non-profit
orientation. Therefore, the guidance is carried

out by the Hindu Community Guidance of the
Indonesian Ministry of Religion. However, if we

dare to provide solutions through innovations,
how pasraman as a religious education

institution will also give a touch to cooperatives,
especially Hindus, this certainly requires deep

thinking before it is launched as an

empowerment program.
Meanwhile, the economic empowerment

program at the NTB Hindu Guidance only

touches rural business groups with stimulants
of rolling aid. Whereas assistance to legal entity

cooperatives managed through Desa Pakraman
organizations has not been fully touched, this

certainly requires a study of the functions and
institutional authority. Institutional studies that

become joint expectations until finally, the

joints can be elaborated with the formation of
Pasraman Cooperative at the City or District

level. Pasraman Cooperative will later become a
secondary cooperative whose members are

from several Pasraman cooperatives in each
village or hamlet.
On the one hand, pasraman as a Hindu religious

education institution according to PMA
56/2014 is classified into two namely pasraman

formal and non-formal. The organizational

culture of pasraman which tends to be
conventional experiences changes in function in

the era of digitalises. If not, disruption will
become an obstacle rather than an opportunity

to be exploited. In achieving a change in
function, it is not merely a religious education

institution but its membership has the right to
change the paradigm towards prosperity by

creating a pasraman cooperative.
Empowerment according to the concept of Desa

pakraman which was implemented since
MpuKuturan came and organized the Balinese

people in 1001, namely the fulfillment of the 5
W concept according to Ida Pandita Mpu Jaya

Prema Ananda (an informant) namely Wisma,
Wastra, Wareg, Waras, and Waskita. Wisma is

related to meeting the housing needs, wastra
fulfills the need for clothing, wareg fulfillment of

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food elements, wares that is healthy physically
and mentally and waskita, which means smart

family fulfillment of education.
The fulfillment of the five elements of needs is

carried out through the work process. Without
work, those needs can't be met. Desa Pakraman

provides a place to carry out these activities.
Especially in the past, to fulfill the fifth need,

namely clairvoyant, Desa Pekraman provided
non-government organizations in the form of

pesantian, aguron-guron, and hermitage to
study. So that this educational facility can print

their students to learn to read and write
Balinese script. Now, in the digital era, it was

developed through a process of independent
learning through gadgets formulated in the Bali

Simbar application.
As an institutional form today, government

recognition through pasraman is classified as
non-formal. Pesantian gets an adequate portion

of coaching. In its development pasraman is
demanded to be able to print its students in the

field of study of the fulfillment of the "5W"
element so that the formal pasraman idea

especially Pasraman Maha Widya namely the
Hindu Higher Education Institution establishing

the Hindu Economic Study Program is a positive
thing, amid Hindu confusion thinking about the

right business prospects following Hinduism

teachings.
The expectation carried by this study program

lies in the graduation profile of graduates who

can harmonize the values of Hinduism and the
field of general economic expertise as demands

for competitive competition in reaching the
world of work. The proposal from STAHN Gde

Pudja Mataram to establish an Economic Study
Program to the Director-General of Hindu

Community Guidance results in the form of a

Decree of the Director-General of Hindu
Community Guidance Number 129 of 2017

concerning Permit for Opening a Bachelor
Degree Program in the Hindu Economic Study

Program at the Hindu High School of Hindu
Religion Gde Pudja Mataram.
The decision issued on 21 June 2017 until now

has 11 Semester III students and 76 Semesters I

and 8 permanent lecturers. As the youngest
Prods is very favored by the community,

therefore it is necessary to arrange the
curriculum following the wishes of the

community. In the activities of the Forum
Discussion Group (FGD) on Improving the

Curriculum of the Hindu Economic Study
Program that invited Ida Bagus Suardana, and

Putu Mahardika Adi Saputra, as Resource

Person on 11 to 12, May 2018 resulted in the
improvement of the KKNI-based curriculum.
The ability to explore at each concentration by

taking courses offered will be able to answer the
expectations of the community, as a

manifestation of expectations of world
economic conditions that occur in entering the

gates of the industrial revolution 4.0 with the
characteristics of the widespread use of internet

applications in the business world. Equipped

with the ability of the results of taking courses
offered by the curriculum of the Hindu

Economics Study Program. The resulting
Economics degree will be able to realize the

hopes of Hindus in the future. Such as the hope
of establishing an independent and resilient

business entity, such as a Pasraman
cooperative.
Pasraman Cooperative is an innovation or

breakthrough offered to Hindus from the

results of the elaboration between the
cooperative and Pasraman institutions which

incidentally are Hindu religious education
institutions. Technically, the implementation

was created as a result of the concern of the
Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia institution in

the work program in the field of economy and
community welfare to form a self-supporting

movement to enable the independence of the
people in the economy by assisting movement

organizations that play a role in economic
development, to build efforts for economic

independence of the people through plays an
active role in formulating the concept of

blueprint and Hindu economic system.
As a comparison, the results of a previous study

from Lugina, 2017 entitled Economic
Development of Islamic Boarding Schools in

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West Java, define pesantren as a cultural
institution that was born on the initiative and

initiative of the community and is autonomous
since it has a strategic potential during

community life. Since the 1970s a number of
pesantren have repositioned functions in

addressing various social problems of society,
such as economic, social, and political.
Like the pesantren with its syariah concept, the

practice of pasraman as a Hindu religious

education institution has strategic potential if it
wants to reposition it in dealing with economic,

social, and political problems. With the idea of
repositioning

pasraman,

an

economic

institution in the form of a pasraman
cooperative will be born. Judging from the

potential, 34 non-formal pasraman data in West
Lombok Regency in 2014 can certainly be made

members of the Secondary Cooperative or

Pasraman Cooperative Center at the Regency
Level.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the discussion above,

conclusions can be drawn in response to the

research problem. First, community economic
empowerment for Hindus in West Lombok

Regency, Mataram city, and North Lombok
regency with the largest Hindu population and

as a mirror of the Hindus of West Nusa Tenggara
Province has not met the right format so that in

its implementation it has difficulties in
development. Second, pasraman as a Hindu

religious education institution that grows from
the ideas of religious and customary figures in a

certain region is the time to reposition its
function in addressing disruption phenomena

that engulf organizational culture such as
various social, economic, social and political

problems because it has great potential in

development

human

Resources.

Third,

repositioning of economic functions for

pasraman starting from the regency/city level
by establishing a synergy program between

regency/city PHDI and institutions related to
the Pasraman City Regency Forum through the

process of establishing a legal entity economic
institution in the form of a savings and loan

secondary cooperative (Pasraman Cooperative
Center) which Members of Pasraman

cooperatives at the village/kelurahan level with
safe, inexpensive and fast mechanisms through

the internet network system. Fourth, the
prospectus for the opening of the Hindu

Economic Study Program at the Gde Pudja
Mataram State Hindu High School (Pasraman

Maha Widya) as a laboratory for pasraman

students in building the strong character
(excellent character building), developing

human resources in the economic field based on
Hindu religious values and as the backbone of

community economic empowerment. Fifth, the
Hindu Economic Study Program of the Sekolah

Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja Mataram
through curriculum innovation in the form of

increased concentration of management and
entrepreneurship offered to the community is

expected to be able to meet the desires of
religious

and

cultural

leaders,

Hindu

entrepreneurs and others in printing economic
scholars as assets economic empowerment in

the future.

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