The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research
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TYPE
Original Research
PAGE NO.
25-31
10.37547/tajmspr/Volume07Issue04-05
OPEN ACCESS
SUBMITED
16 February 2025
ACCEPTED
17 March 2025
PUBLISHED
16 April 2025
VOLUME
Vol.07 Issue04 2025
CITATION
Ruzibek Tolmasov, Utkir Mirsharapov, Ubaydulla Shukurov, & Amriddin
Abduhalimov. (2025). Topography, Anatomy, Histology and Morphometry
of The Stomach in Experimental Rats Depending on Age. The American
Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research, 7(04), 25
–
31.
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/Volume07Issue04-05
COPYRIGHT
© 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms
of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License.
Topography, Anatomy,
Histology and
Morphometry of The
Stomach in Experimental
Rats Depending on Age
Ruzibek Tolmasov
Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Utkir Mirsharapov
Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Ubaydulla Shukurov
Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Amriddin Abduhalimov
Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
Based on our scientific research, comparative
morphological and morphometric analysis of the
structure of the mucous, submucosal, muscular and
serous layers of the stomach wall of rats fed palm oil,
comparative analysis of the density of the mucous
glands, and evaluation and comparison of their morpho-
functional changes under experimental conditions using
laboratory analyses allow us to develop statistical
analysis indicators of the stomach wall layers.
Keywords:
Rats, stomach, mucosa, submucosa,
stomach length, stomach width, stomach weight,
morpho-functional, organometry.
Introduction:
To measure the macroscopic dimensions
of the stomach, Ivan Pavlov used the organometry
method to study the anatomical dimensions of the
stomach of rats. After the stomach was removed from
the abdominal cavity, its length, height, width, and
weight were measured [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Organometry of
organs, due to the possibility of statistical analysis,
complements morphological data, increases the level of
reliability, and demonstrates objectivity. This method is
of great importance in assessing the concepts of the
normal state and pathological changes of organs. A
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caliper was used to measure these dimensions of the
stomach. The shape of the stomach was determined
visually [8,10,11,13,15,19].
For microscopic examination, the stomach was excised
from the abdominal cavity and fixed in a 10% neutral
solution of formalin for 72 hours, then washed in
running
water,
dehydrated
in
increasing
concentrations of alcohol, and paraffin-embedded
blocks were prepared. Sections 5
–8 μm thick were
prepared from them, and the general histological
structure was studied with hematoxylin-eosin stain,
and the connective tissue fibers in the gastric stroma
were stained with the Van Gieson method. Histological
preparations were photographed using a CX40 model
with an OD400 camera.
Research objective
In our scientific work, we aimed to study the
topography, anatomy, histology, and morphometry of
the rat stomach depending on age.
METHODS
For the study, the stomachs of 150 white male rats, 2
groups, with a div weight of 48 grams to 220 grams,
of different ages: 21, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 days, were
taken. The experimental animals were kept under
normal laboratory diet conditions. These rats were
divided into two groups. The control group continued
to be fed a daily constant diet. The diet of the second
experimental group of white rats was restructured so
that it consisted of red palm oil. For 30 days, 1.7 Palm
oil from g/kg During daytime feeding, rats were given
a special diet in the laboratory, in addition to oral
through probe using an additional dose was
administered into the stomach.
The general morphology of the structural structures of
the stomach of experimental animals was studied by
histological sections of the stomach prepared on a
microtome, stained with hematoxylin eosin and Van
Gizon. To measure the macroscopic dimensions of the
stomach, the organometry method was used to study
the anatomical dimensions of the stomach of Ivan
Pavlov's rats. After the stomach was removed from the
abdominal cavity, its length, height, width and weight
were measured. Organometry of organs, since it is
possible to perform statistical analysis, complements
morphological data, increases the level of reliability, and
shows objectivity. This method is of great importance in
assessing the concepts of the normal state and
pathological changes of organs. A caliper was used to
measure these dimensions of the stomach. The shape of
the stomach was determined visually.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The following data were obtained regarding the
structural components of the stomach wall of the white
male laboratory rats under study. The gastric mucosa of
the rats in the control group is covered with a stratified
epithelium. The epithelial layer consists of three rows of
basal, round and oval cells.
Basal cells are small, densely packed, and characterized
by a central nucleus. The cells of the middle and upper
rows are oval in shape, larger in size, with off-center
nuclei. The apical part of the cells contains granules
indicating secretory properties. The cells of the proximal
row of the covering epithelial tissue of the rat stomach
are covered with a cuticle.
Figure 1. Gastric wall layers in the 21-day control group.
Staining: hematoxylin-eosin. X: 10x40.
The muscularis mucosa of the stomach of white male
rats is composed of smooth muscle fibers with an
internal longitudinal and external circular orientation,
and is composed of muscle layers. The outer serous
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membrane of the rat stomach has a mesothelial lining
with sparse fibrous connective tissue.
Figure 2.
The sparse fibrous connective tissue of the stomach wall of the control
group rat is irregularly arranged. Staining:
hematoxylin-eosin. X: 10x40.
and Van Gieson methods to study the general
morphology of the gastric structures.
The following data were obtained as a result of
studying the morpho-functional changes in the
stomachs of control group rats. A sharp increase in the
mucoid layer is detected on the surface of the gastric
mucosa. There were almost no lesions on the mucosal
surface.
The sparse fibrous connective tissue of the gastric
submucosa of rats remained unchanged (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Microscopic view of a sharp increase in mucoid coating on the surface of
the gastric wall of the experimental group rat. Staining: hematoxylin-eosin. X: 10x40.
During the study of morpho-functional changes in the
stomach of experimental rats at 21, 60, 90, 120, 150,
and 180 days, an increase in the number of mucous
glands in the layers of the gastric wall, a fullness of small
blood vessels in the submucosa, and lymphocyte
infiltration were detected (Figure 4).
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Figure 4.
Microscopic view of the increase in mucous glands of the gastric wall layers
of the experimental group rats. Staining:
Van-Gieson. X: 10x40.
The following data were obtained as a result of
studying the morpho-functional changes in the
stomach of rats of the experimental group 21, 60, 90,
120, 150, 180 days old. The structural elements of the
gastric mucosa of rats are sparse connective tissue
fibers, as well as sparse fibrous connective tissue of the
submucosa, smooth muscle fibers of the muscularis
mucosa, and thickening of the small blood vessels of the
gastric wall mucosa and submucosa (Fig. 5).
Figure 5.
Microscopic view of thickening of small blood vessels in the mucosa and
submucosa of the stomach wall of the experimental group rat. Staining:
Van-Gieson.
X: 10x40.
The mucous, muscular, and outer layers of the
stomach wall of white male laboratory rats are
supplied with blood by blood vessels. The lymphoid
structures of the submucosa consist of several rows of
chains of lymphocytes.
The following data were obtained regarding the
anatomical structural components of the rat stomach
wall.
The stomach of a rat is a crescent-shaped sac that
weighs between 3.9 and 9.5 grams. The stomach tissue
of a rat makes up about 2.2 % of its total div weight.
During postnatal ontogenesis Changes in the structure
of the stomach with age The following data were
obtained for the dynamics.
The div weight of 21-day-old male rats ranged from 48
to 55 grams, with an average of 51.5±0.14 grams, and
the stomach weight ranged from 1.06 to 1.21
grams, with an average of 1.13±0.5 grams. It was found
that the shape of the rat stomach at this age gradually
changes from tubular to hook-shaped. The length of the
stomach is 1.8 cm to 2.0 cm, with an average of 1.9±0.2
cm, and the width is 0.4 cm to 0.8 cm, with an average
of 0.6±0.4 cm.
60 -day-old male rats ranged from 70 to 82 grams, with
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an average of 75.6±2.08 grams, and the stomach
weight ranged from 1.54 to 1.80 grams, with an
average of 1.67±1.8 grams. It was found that the shape
of the rat stomach at this age gradually changes from a
hook-shaped to a stocking-shaped shape. The length of
the stomach is 2.4 to 2.8 cm, with an average of 2.6±0.5
cm, and the width is 0.7 to 1.4 cm, with an average of
1.05±0.2 cm.
The div weight of 90-day-old male rats ranged from
100 to 120 grams, with an average of 110.2±3.08
grams, and the stomach weight ranged from 2.2 to 2.6
grams, with an average of 2.4±0.6 grams. It was found
that the shape of the rat stomach at this age gradually
changes from a stocking-shaped to a crescent-shaped
shape. The length of the stomach is 3.0 to 3.5 cm, with
an average of 3.25±0.3 cm, and the width is 1.2 to 1.8
cm, with an average of 1.5±0.1 cm.
The div weight of 120-day-old male rats ranged from
130 to 150 grams, with an average of 141.6±2.23
grams, and the stomach weight ranged from 2.9 to 3.3
grams, with an average of 3.1±0.8 grams. It was found
that the shape of the rat stomach at this age gradually
changes from crescent-shaped to horseshoe-shaped.
The length of the stomach is 3.5 to 3.8 cm, with an
average of 3.65±0.2 cm, and the width is 1.5 to 2.2 cm,
with an average of 1.85±0.7 cm.
The div weight of 150-day-old male rats ranged from
165 to 186 grams, with an average of 175.5±4.34 grams,
and the stomach weight ranged from 3.6 to 4.1 grams,
with an average of 3.85±2.6 grams. It was found that the
shape of the rat stomach at this age gradually changes
from crescent-shaped to sac-shaped. The length of the
stomach is 4.0 to 4.2 cm, with an average of 4.1±0.2 cm,
and the width is 2.0 to 2.6 cm, with an average of
2.3±0.8 cm.
The div weight of 180-day-old male rats ranged from
200 to 220 grams, with an average of 211.6 ± 3.54
grams, and the stomach weight ranged from 4.4 to 4.8
grams, with an average of 4.6 ± 1.75 mg. The shape of
the rat stomach at this age was found to be crescent-
shaped. The length of the stomach ranged from 4.2 to
4.6 cm, with an average of 4.4 ± 0.5 cm, and the width
ranged from 2.2 to 2.7 cm, with an average of 2.45 ± 0.1
cm.
Table 1
Age-related changes in the anatomical parameters of the stomach of rats in the
control group
Rats age (
days) on
account of )
Rats div
weight, gr
Rats stomach
weight, gr
Length of the
stomach
cm
Stomach width
cm
21
51.5±0.14
1.13±0.5
1.9±0.2
0.6±0.4
60
75.6±2.08
1.67±1.8
2.6±0.5
1.05±0.2
90
110.2±3.08
2.4±0.6
3.25±0.3
1.5±0.1
120
141.6±2.23
3.1±0.8
3.65±0.2
1.85±0.7
150
175.5±4.34
3.85±2.6
4.1±0.2
2.3±0.8
180
211.6±3.54
4.6±1.8
4.4±0.5
2.45±0.1
The morphometric parameters of the stomach wall
layers in rats in the experimental group at 21, 60, 90,
120, 150, and 180 days of age are as follows:
The following data were obtained when the 21-day
control group rats were studied. The weight of the 21-
day control group rats was 48-55 g, with an average of
51.5 ± 0.14 g.
The thickness of the gastric mucosa of 21-day-old male
white rats in the control group was 270.81±23.5 μm,
the thickness of t
he submucosa was 135.65±23.4 μm,
the thickness of the muscularis and serosa layers was
202.0±15.5 μm, and the total thickness of the gastric
wall was 0.61 ±0.06 mm . The average distribution of the
density of the mucous glands was 6.20 ±0.36 mm2
(Table 3).
The weight of 60-day-old male white rats in the control
group ranged from 70 g to 82 g, with an average of 75.6
± 2.08 g. The thickness of the gastric mucosa of 60-day-
old rats in the control group was 542.30 ± 50.2 μm, the
thickness of the submucosa was
280.64 ± 50.0 μm, the
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average thickness of the muscular and serous layers
was 275.0 ± 28.0 μm, and the total thickness of the
gastric wall was 1.10 ± 0.13 μm. mm. The average
distribution of the density of the mucous glands was
10.0 ± 0.60 mm 2 (Table 3).
The weight of 90-day-old male white rats in the control
group ranged from 100 g to 120 g, with an average of
110.2 ± 3.08 g. The thickness of the gastric mucosa of
90-day-old rats in the control group was 701.81 ± 15.0
μm, the thickness of the submucosa w
as 416.71 ± 43.5
μm, the average thickness of the muscular and serous
layers was 280.2 ± 12.1 μm, and the total thickness of
the gastric wall was 1.40 ± 0.07 μm. mm. The average
distribution of the density of the mucous glands was
13.8 ± 0.32 mm 2 (Table 3).
The weight of 120-day-old male white rats in the
control group ranged from 130 g to 150 g, with an
average of 141.6 ± 2.23 g. The thickness of the gastric
mucosa of the 120-day-old rats in the control group
was 782.22 ± 23.1 μm, the thickness of the sub
mucosa
was 440.66 ± 50.0 μm, the average thickness of the
muscular and serous layers was 306.5 ± 30.0 μm, and
the total thickness of the gastric wall was 1.53 ± 0.10
μm. mm. The average distribution of the density of the
mucous glands was 15.4 ± 0.21 mm 2 (Table 3).
The weight of 150-day-old male white rats in the control
group ranged from 165 g to 186 g, with an average of
175.5 ± 4.34 g. The thickness of the gastric mucosa of
150-day-old rats in the control group was 810.41 ± 64.0
μm, the thickness of the submucosa
was 461.20 ± 35.2
μm, the average thickness of the muscular and serous
layers was 328.3 ± 61.0 μm, and the total thickness of
the gastric wall was 1.60 ± 0.16 μm. mm. The average
density distribution of the mucous glands was 16.5 ±
0.15 mm 2 (Table 3).
The weight of 180-day-old male white rats in the control
group ranged from 200 g to 220 g, with an average of
211.6 ± 3.54 g. The thickness of the gastric mucosa of
the 180-day-old rats in the control group was 835.72 ±
75.0 μm, the thickness of the submucosa
was 478.20 ±
24.1 μm, the average thickness of the muscular and
serous layers was 344.1 ± 80.3 μm, and the total
thickness of the gastric wall was 1.66 ± 0.18 μm. mm.
The average distribution of the density of the mucous
glands was 17.1 ± 0.12 mm 2 (Table 3).
Stomach wall of control group rats of different ages
of the layers (M±m);
Table 3
Rat
age
Mucous
membrane
(micrometer)
Submucosal
floor
(micrometer)
Muscle and
Serous layers
(micrometer)
Stomach
wall
general
thickness
Glands
density
mm
2
21 days
270.81±23.5
135.65±23.4
202.0 ± 15.5
0.6 1 ± 0.0 6
6.20 ± 0.36
60 days
542.30 ± 50,2
280 , 64 ±50.0
275.0 ±28.0
1.10 ± 0.13
10.0 ± 0.60
90 days
701.81 ± 15.0
416.71 ± 43.5
280.2 ± 12.1
1.40 ± 0.07
13.8 ± 0.32
120 days
782 , 22 ± 23,1
440 , 66 ±50,0
306.5 ± 30.0
1.53 ± 0.10
15.4 ± 0.21
150 days
810.41 ± 64.0
461 , 2 0± 35,2
328.3 ± 61.0
1.60 ± 0.16
16.5 ± 0.15
180 days
835.72 ± 75.0
478 , 2 0± 24,1
344.1 ± 80.3
1.66 ± 0.18
17.1 ± 0.12
CONCLUSION
Thus, it was found that the div weight, stomach
length, width and stomach weight of white male rats
were greater in the experimental group than in the
control group. The relative weight of the div and
stomach weight of rats at 21, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 days
of age changed depending on age. The anatomical
dimensions of the stomach increased at a rate from 21
days to 180 days . Gradually, due to the faster growth
of the length of the stomach, the shape of the stomach
changed from a tubular shape to a crescent-shaped
sac-like shape.
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