14
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
14-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the nearly thirty-year history of the higher education system in Uzbekistan. The problems in the
higher education system over the years focus on their causes and factors. Opinions and comments on the results and
achievements of reforms in the higher education system in recent years are presented. At the same time, special
attention is still paid to the factors hindering the implementation of reforms.
KEYWORDS
Reforms, prospects, coverage of the higher education system, the optimal ratio of the number of specialists with
higher education, the Concept of development of the higher education system until 2030, joint educational programs.
INTRODUCTION
Until 2016, the higher education system of the Republic
of Uzbekistan was a state with limited access, where
there were doubts about the quality and relevance of
graduates' knowledge and skills. At that time, the
coverage of the student-age population in the higher
education system was about 9% and was low by
regional and international standards, in stark contrast
to the situation in the primary and secondary levels of
the Uzbek education system (where the percentage of
the school-age population was about 100%). provided).
The centralized planning system determines both the
number of students in higher education institutions
(universities) and their field of study. The number of
places in each direction in higher education institutions
Research Article
REFORMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF
THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Submission Date:
February 20, 2022,
Accepted Date:
March 06, 2022,
Published Date:
March 16, 2022
|
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume04Issue03-03
Jabborov Ahmad Ravshanovich
Lecturer at the Crime prevention and public safety department of the specialized branch of Tashkent State
University of Law, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jpslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
15
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
14-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
is determined by government regulations, and the
selection of students is based on the results of national
tests conducted by the State Testing Center under the
Cabinet of Ministers. With nearly 100% coverage of
secondary education and 9% coverage of higher
education, 9 out of 10 high school graduates were
unable to enter university, the demand for higher
education was high, and competition for each position
offered at universities exceeded 6. [1]
In 2014, the higher education system of Uzbekistan
included 82 educational institutions preparing
bachelors and masters, including 32 universities, 44
institutes, 6 academies, and also seven branches of
foreign universities (Moscow State University, Russian
Economic University named after G.V.). Plekhanov,
Polytechnic
University
of
Turin,
Westminster
International University, Singapore Institute of
Management Development, Gubkin Russian State
University of Oil and Gas, Inha University, South
Korea). Seven branches of foreign universities work in
cooperation with government agencies. A total of
259.3 thousand students studied there in the 2013-2014
academic year. As of December 2014, there were no
non-governmental higher education institutions in
Uzbekistan. [2]
In developed countries, the optimal ratio of the
number of professional technical workers and
specialists with higher education in scientific and
technical fields is from 2: 1 to 7: 1. In Uzbekistan, the
ratio is 10: 1, which clearly contradicts international
standards. [1]
The increase in the number of graduates with higher
education in these areas, the need for more previously
qualified specialists will allow Uzbekistan to further
strengthen
its
competitiveness
and
increase
productivity.
Radical reform of the higher education system in
Uzbekistan began in 2016. As an integral part of the
reforms, the Concept of Development of the Higher
Education System of the Republic of Uzbekistan until
2030, approved by the Decree of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5847 of October 8, 2019,
was adopted.
As of 2019, as a result of reforms, there are 114 higher
education institutions in the country, of which 93 are
local and 21 are foreign higher education institutions
and their branches. In particular, 6 new higher
education institutions, 17 branches and 14 branches of
foreign higher education institutions have been
established. [3]
As of August 2021, the number of higher education
institutions has reached 141, the number of admissions
has increased from 66,000 to 182,000. Training of
specialists has been launched in 26 branches of foreign
educational institutions. Gradual increase in the
coverage of higher education, creating a healthy
competitive environment in the system, optimizing the
workload, the introduction of digital technologies in
the educational process, ensuring the financial
independence of higher education institutions,
increasing the salaries of teachers by an average of 3.5
times are the first results. [3]
As of January 2022, there are 159 higher education
institutions in Uzbekistan, including 72 in Tashkent and
87 in the regions. This was reported by the Ministry of
Higher and Secondary Special Education.
•
University - 28;
•
Institute - 47;
•
Academy - 3;
•
Conservatory - 1;
16
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
14-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
•
Branch - 26;
•
Foreign universities and their branches - 30;
•
Non-governmental HEIs - 24. [4]
It was noted that at the beginning of the 2020/2021
academic year, there were 20 foreign higher education
institutions in the country.
The number of foreign higher education institutions
operating in the last 3 years has changed as follows:
• At the beginning of the 2018/2019 academic year - 10;
• At the beginning of the 2019/2020 academic year - 18;
• At the beginning of the 2020/2021 academic year - 20.
The number of branches of foreign universities in the
country is growing every year. In particular, from the
2021/2022 academic year, the branch of St. Petersburg
State University, the branch of the All-Russian Institute
of Cinematography, the branch of the University of
Debrecen, Hungary, and from the 2022/2023 academic
year, the Tashkent branch of the Russian Medical
University. A branch of the University of Pisa in Italy is
also expected to open in the capital. The new
university will train specialists in geology. [4]
Based on the proposals of personnel customers, 329
areas of education and 582 master's specialties were
included in the classification of areas and specialties of
higher education. In the 2019/2020 academic year, part-
time education was introduced in 59 higher education
institutions, and evening education was introduced in
10 higher education institutions. The number of
students studying in higher educational institutions of
the country amounted to 410 thousand in the
bachelor's degree and 13 thousand in the master's
degree, which has increased 1.7 times over the past 3
years.
54.8% of students are in the humanities and pedagogy,
25.2% in the production and technical field, 5.2% in the
social sphere, economics and law, 5.9% in agriculture
and water management, 4.4% in health and social care,
4, 5% are studying in the field of service knowledge and
specialties.
40.8% of master's students are in the humanities and
pedagogy, 23.3% in production and technology, 13.3% in
the social sphere, economics and law, 5.9% in
agriculture and water management, 13.5% in health and
social care, 3, 2% are studying in the field of service
knowledge.
Admission parameters for the 2019/2020 academic year
amounted to 121 thousand and increased by 18%
compared to the previous year and by 92% compared
to 2016.
Starting from the 2018/2019 academic year, 16 higher
education institutions of the country have launched
training activities on the basis of joint educational
programs in cooperation with foreign higher education
institutions.
The reform of higher education, while talking about
the right of citizens to higher education, was also one
of the acute problems that need to be addressed,
including the coverage of high school and college
graduates with higher education. The sharp difference
in the ratio of school and college graduates to higher
education institutions has led thousands of young
people to emigrate to countries near and far as a result
of their inability to meet the needs of knowledge-
hungry youth. Thanks to the measures taken at the
initiative of the President, in 2017-2021, this figure rose
to 28% from the previous 9%.
As of January 2021, the number of professors and
teachers in higher education institutions is 32,228,
17
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
14-17
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
including 12,686 professors and teachers of scientific
level, 2,657 doctors of sciences (DSc) and 10,029
candidates of sciences (Phd), with a scientific potential
of 39.3%.[4]
1611 professors and teachers of higher education
institutions have been provided with internships and
advanced training in foreign higher education
institutions. Within the framework of international
cooperation, 112 young people were admitted to
master's specialties of foreign higher education and
scientific institutions, and 51 young people were
admitted to doctoral studies.
Through the El-Yurt Umidi Foundation, 46 professors
and teachers have been trained in Canada, the United
Kingdom and Italy.
In 2017-2019, 1,154 highly qualified foreign teachers and
scientists were involved in the educational process (94
people from the United States, 445 people from
European countries, 299 people from Asian countries,
316 people from the CIS countries). [4]
The basic salaries of professors with the degree of
Doctor of Science in higher education institutions
increased by 3.2 times compared to 2016. Because it
allows highly qualified specialists to adapt to the needs
of the country's economy, which is increasingly in
need.
The effectiveness of higher education in Uzbekistan
depends on a number of internal factors: resource
base, human resources, forms of organization. Along
with them, the mechanism of taking into account the
needs of society for knowledge and skills plays an
important role, because the effectiveness of the
education system is determined not by the amount of
resources used, but by its level of compliance with the
national economy.
The need for higher education in society, its constant
growth and new requirements of a market economy
stimulate continuous changes in the higher education
system, the formation and development of the market
of educational services in the national economy as a
whole.
REFERENCES
1.
Узбекистан.
Модернизация
системы
высшего
образования.
Сектор
по
человеческому развитию. Отдел по работе
со странами Центральной Азии. Документ
Всемирного
банка,
региональное
управление по Европе и Центральной Азии.
Июнь 2014.
2.
Узбекистан
Обзор
системы
высшего
образования. Документ Erasmus+. Февраль
2016 г.
3.
The Concept of Development of the Higher
Education System of the Republic of
Uzbekistan until 2030 (approved by the Decree
of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
No. PF-5847 of October 8, 2019, was adopted.)
4.
Reports of the Ministry of Higher and
Secondary Special Education.
