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Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
1-6
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
This article provides an overview of the concept of organized crime, its specific features, causes and conditions,
current trends, and statistics. It also provides recommendations for the prevention and elimination of organized crime.
KEYWORDS
Organized crime, crime methodology, implementation, criminal specifics, criminal pyramid, crime subcultures,
microsocial factors, crime specialization, preventive measures.
INTRODUCTION
The fact that organized crime has become the subject
of socio-legal, especially political, research not only in
our country, but also around the world, shows how
relevant this problem is. It is advisable to base the
prevention of organized crime on scientific
recommendations and forecasts of criminology. Given
the global nature of organized crime, it is important to
note that this social evil is an obstacle to human
development, and the time has come to combat it. In
other words, organized crime is growing in all areas of
social, economic, political, and cultural relations, as
well as the interdependence of crimes committed in
these areas. Therefore, well-thought-out strategic
measures have been taken in our country to create
active mechanisms to combat organized crime. In
particular, the national and international legal
Research Article
CRIMINOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZED CRIME
Submission Date:
March 26, 2022,
Accepted Date:
April 04, 2022,
Published Date:
April 16, 2022
|
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume04Issue04-01
Eshkobilov Sirojiddin Abdunabiyevich
Teacher, Specialized Branch Of Tashkent State Law University, Department of Crime Prevention and Public
Safety, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jpslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
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Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
1-6
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
framework for combating organized crime has been
established, and Article 29, paragraph 4, of the Criminal
Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan clearly defines the
concept of “organized group”: “joint criminal activity
of two or more persons "It is an organized group" [1]At
the same time, the formation of criminal associations
referred to in paragraph 4 of this article shall in itself be
a full basis for criminal prosecution, and any crime
committed by an organized group shall be recognized
as a very serious crime. .
Under criminal law, the activity of establishing or
directing a criminal association or its subdivisions, as
well as ensuring their existence and functioning, is
recognized as a criminal activity. According to the
criminal specifics of this norm, the formation and
leadership or participation in an organized armed
group is also classified as a very serious crime against
public safety and public order.
In our country, the necessary measures are being taken
to combat organized crime, and for this purpose,
special attention is paid to the creation of special
bodies and services in the system of public
administration. In particular, the Ministry of Internal
Affairs, the Prosecutor's Office and other law
enforcement agencies are involved in the fight against
organized crime and corruption.
There are departments and divisions of struggle. These
bodies are also empowered not only to maintain public
order, but also to cooperate with the Security Service
of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the
State Security Service, as well as the Ministry of Justice
in combating organized crime. Together, they play a
complex role in combating and preventing organized
crime, a specific and highly latent class of crime.
One of the characteristics of organized crime is that
they are organized on the basis of criminal
organizations, operate in a secret manner, are stable,
and can quickly adapt from one criminal activity to
another. It should be noted that there are different
ways of access to organized crime, as well as different
types of organized crime groups. Regardless of how
the offender joins the organization, organized crime
requires specialization or special skills.
According to Russian criminologist A. I. Gurov [2], an
organized group is a simple connection formed by
criminals to achieve their criminal goals. In such
groups, the specific responsibilities of the group
members are pre-arranged according to a plan, and
each of them carries out his / her criminal activity on
the basis of this division of labor. Organized crime
requires a methodology, a large number of locations,
and trust among group members to operate. When left
unmanaged, they can be left astray and lose the right
path.
In short, organized crime consists of three or more
individuals who regularly engage in corruption in order
to make a profit. is an illegal association of criminal
structures and organizations that establish their
sphere of influence in various spheres of activity.[3]
We can compare the internal system of organized
crime to a kind of pyramid: the lower part of the
criminal pyramid is wide and consists mainly of
executors. These executives include various thieves
who call themselves "businessmen", criminal gangs
who commit home burglaries, fraudsters, money
changers, prostitutes, and drug traffickers.
The two higher echelons can be called "supplier" and
"security" groups. Even if the providers do not commit
specific criminal acts, they will help to create the
necessary conditions for the implementation of
criminal activities.
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Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
1-6
SJIF
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MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
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453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
The composition of the security service group consists
of the following persons in the interests of criminal
associations; there may be some filthy, corrupt
lawyers, health workers, economists, journalists,
literary and artistic figures, and others serving in
government agencies and public systems.
Although some of these strata have broken ties with
the lower echelons of the criminal organization (even
if certain perpetrators or groups have been
prosecuted), their criminal activities have not stopped.
This is because those who belong to the upper
echelons of organized crime groups always escape
punishment and maintain their criminal organization.
At the top of the pyramid of criminal gangs is the elite.
The group includes a leader and his loyalists, who
provide legal, criminal, economic, and other advice. It
is at the disposal of the members of this group that the
leaders of the hierarchy protect the managers, resolve
conflicts with various criminal groups, maintain
internal order, trade systems under the influence of
criminal organizations, and there will be militants
needed to put pressure on businesses. In most cases,
the militants involved in these activities are on the
state lists of various legal entities. The leadership of
criminal associations is responsible for maintaining
internal discipline, distribution of income and areas of
influence, resolving disputes and conflicts between
criminal groups belonging to the system of criminal
associations, collection of "debts" and loans from the
heads of enterprises and institutions of the commercial
system. liaising with various criminal groups and
regional units (sometimes even with foreign organized
groups), organizing intelligence operations, as well as
punishing rival groups.
Based on the above, it is possible to show that
organized crime has the following specific features:
Availability of secret (illegal and criminal) and
economic sources;
Establishing corrupt links in government and public
administration (including law enforcement), raising
and supporting those needed by the authorities, and,
where possible, criminals themselves (this is where the
political interests of the underworld come into
play);[4]
Expansion of the sphere of influence (complete
occupation of the territory and networks, finding
"allies" from abroad);
To enter the media system for their own ends and to
promote themselves to the public;
Availability of weapons and other necessary special
equipment in organized groups;
The presence of subcultures of crime (a child who
grows up in a criminal environment can become a
criminal at an early age. Teaching certain skills plays a
key role in this. it is easy to be encouraged by the
minute);
and the goal of making as much money as possible in
their coordinated activities.
The prevention of this social evil requires special
attention to the planning of the implementation of
preventive, legal and organizational measures related
to the strategy. Ensuring the implementation of such
measures is inextricably linked with a comprehensive
analysis of the existing shadow economy and all crimes
related to the economy.
There is also a need for a scientific assessment of the
social system of society, the introduction of differential
policies for different segments of the population.
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Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
1-6
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
Therefore, it is advisable to pay special attention to the
following categories of people:
Doubtful income and large amounts of property and
persons with financial resources;
Low-income, no financial support at all;
Criminal and morally depraved (those who have
committed a crime,
Multiple convicts, alcoholics, drug addicts, drug
addicts, self-employed people, etc.)
Undoubtedly, without identifying the causes and
conditions of organized crime, it is difficult to achieve
the required level of positive changes in our country, as
the existence of organized crime can lead to
lawlessness and serious complications in society.
The reasons and conditions for the current existence of
organized crime include:
Non-prosecution of certain individuals who live at
the expense of others (parasites) and are illegally
"financially secure". Such people develop a sense
of pride ("We belong to a particular class and have
the right to live in such a kingdom") and promote a
similar way of life;
Possession of secret or illegally acquired property.
The question is, what is the purpose of such a large sum
of money collected by criminals? Research has shown
that the property is divided into four main parts. The
first and second shares are spent on the shadow
economy (raw materials, fund keepers, merchants,
carriers, and various unexpected "guests" (inspectors,
tax and customs officials, and special government
agencies); and the fourth is to turn money into
treasure.
Ensuring their activities and security through the
organization of organized crime (microsocial
factors). Timely organized crime works against the
law enforcement agencies of the state mainly in
the following three areas: 1) intentional distortion
and deception of law enforcement agencies and
their activities; 2) regular monitoring of law
enforcement activities;
3) to achieve the involvement and involvement of law
enforcement officers in certain criminal activities
The moral climate associated with organized crime is to
focus only on self-interest, over-ownership of private
property, distrust of the activities of public authorities,
their role in meeting the necessary needs. non-
recognition also has a very negative effect on society
in its own right. As a result, a number of organizations
and universities engaged in international research and
statistics frequently publish rankings on the legal,
political and spiritual environment in the country.
The Global Initiative against Transnational Organized
Crime has released its latest ranking of states in terms
of Organized Crime for 2021. Uzbekistan ranks 90th on
the list with 4.96 points.[5]
The authors of the rating rated the countries on three
criteria:
•
The Scale And Impact Of Criminal Markets;
•
The Structure And Impact Of The Four Types Of
Crime (Mafia, Criminal Networks, Criminal
Structures Established In Government Agencies,
And Foreign Criminal Structures);
•
Countries' Resilience To Organized Crime.
Countries are rated on a scale of 1 to 10 on each
criterion
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Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
1-6
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
A crime rate of less than 1 point indicates that the
government is highly prepared to resist criminal circles.
The first place out of 193 countries is occupied by the
Democratic Republic of the Congo (7.75 points).
Colombia (7.66) and Myanmar (7.59) are next. Mexico,
Nigeria, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, the Central African
Republic and Honduras are among the top ten
countries with the highest crime rates.
Among the CIS countries, Russia is 32nd, Tajikistan is
62nd (5.61), Kyrgyzstan is 72nd (5.33), Azerbaijan and
Belarus are 83rd, and Turkmenistan is 113th. (4.61),
Moldova ranked 123rd, Kazakhstan 133rd and Armenia
171st (4.26).
The state of Tuvalu in the Pacific Ocean is recognized
as the country with the lowest level of organized crime.
He is in the last position of the ranking with 1.54 points.
The top ten crime-free states also include Nauru, Sao
Tome and Principe, Liechtenstein, Samoa, Vanuatu, the
Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Luxembourg and Monaco.
In conclusion, it is recommended that the following
measures be taken to prevent and eliminate organized
crime:
First, to establish the forms and methods of
cooperation between law enforcement agencies, to
determine the implementation of the necessary tasks
on the basis of a program for a certain period of time,
the activities of which are carried out by an inter-
sectoral coordinating div;
Secondly, to involve only specially trained people in the
fight against organized crime;
Third, to provide special teams to fight organized crime
with the necessary logistics;
Fourth, to create a clear mechanism to control the
income of citizens in the country, thereby preventing
illegal income in a market economy.
In the fight against organized crime, special attention
should be paid to the fact that law enforcement
agencies need to establish contacts with the
international community, thereby limiting the activities
of organized crime structures at the international level.
Most importantly, to improve the fight against
organized crime, first of all, it is necessary to further
improve the legal framework governing this area of
activity and implement it in our national legislation,
studying foreign experience.
In today's fast-paced world of information, organized
crime is affecting all walks of life. Because it is difficult
to develop the existing social relations in society
without a struggle with this element.
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Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan
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Volume 04 Issue 04-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
04
Pages:
1-6
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
(2022:
6.
215
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
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