14
Volume 04 Issue 01-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
14-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
This article explores the tasks of increasing the role of political parties, Legislative chamber factions and party groups
of local Kengashes in public life in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as, in the direction of the importance of reforms
in the political sphere of the Republic of Uzbekistan over the past three years.
KEYWORDS
Political party, faction, party groups, elections.
INTRODUCTION
In multi-party democracies, the law regulates the
relationship between political parties and other
institutions of the political system, determines the
forms of their participation in the formation and
activities of various state bodies, and the nature of
their relations with other public organizations.
The activities of the parties in this regard are based on
the
principles
of
their
separate
existence,
independence, and non-interference in each other's
affairs. It should be noted that these principles are
enshrined in a number of international instruments
Research Article
REFORMS FOR ENHANCING THE ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES
Submission Date:
January 09, 2022,
Accepted Date:
January 20, 2022,
Published Date:
January 30, 2022
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume04Issue01-03
Ikhtiyor Bekov
Associate Professor of Tashkent state university of Law, Uzbekistan
Makhbuba Saidboyeva
Lecturer of Tajik state university of law, business and politics, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jpslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
15
Volume 04 Issue 01-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
14-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
relating to the relationship between political parties
and the state.
In particular, in a document adopted by the
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
(OSCE) at the 1990 Copenhagen Conference on Human
Criteria, member states stated that: "Strict boundaries
between the state and political parties", that is, the
characteristics of political parties that do not merge
with the state. [1].
The level of development of political pluralism and
multiparty system in the constitutional system allows
us to imagine the socio-political forces that are active
in the political system as a carrier of different
ideologies in the struggle for power. Such a force,
representing and emdiving different political ideas
and views, can be parties that must act on the basis of
equality before the law and only the law. [2].
In particular, according to H. Kelsen, the basis of
modern democracy is formed by parties, "... the higher
their importance, the more fully the democratic
principle is realized." According to him, the
constitutional and legal strengthening of political
parties "... will allow to democratize the process of
forming a common will in this area." [3].
Based on the tasks set out in the Action Strategy for
the five priority areas of development of the Republic
of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, a number of measures
aimed at further democratization and modernization
of public administration, ensuring reliable protection
of civil rights and freedoms, including the gradual
formation of a strong civil society fundamental and
large-scale reforms are underway.
In particular, reforms to improve the institutions of civil
society and the legal framework for their activities are
being carried out gradually.
All legal grounds have been created for political parties
to implement their ideas and programs, to actively
participate in elections on the basis of equality,
openness and impartiality, to form their factions and
party groups in parliament and local representative
bodies, and to take an active part in political and social
life.
On July 12, 2017, the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev held a video conference
with representatives of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis,
political parties and the Ecological Movement of
Uzbekistan. This is the first time that such a meeting
has been held in our country. The meeting analyzed the
activities of political parties in the past in the form of
dialogue, in a critical spirit, and identified the important
tasks facing them in further deepening the reforms.
Over the past three years, historical changes have
taken place in the formation of political parties, which
are important institutions of civil society, and in the
formation of their representative bodies of state
power, and in increasing their participation and role in
their activities. We can consider them in the following
examples:
Firstly
, in order to radically improve the activities of
factions of political parties in the Legislative Chamber
of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the
positions of executive secretaries of political party
factions were introduced in the Legislative Chamber.
This serves as a "bridge" between the Legislative
Chamber and political parties.
Secondly
, the positions of executive secretaries of
party groups were introduced in Local Councils. The
executive secretaries of the Party Councils organize
the activities of the deputy groups of their party, the
protection of the clear views of the group in the local
executive power. Develops a common position of the
16
Volume 04 Issue 01-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
14-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
group on the issues under consideration, helps to
coordinate the activities of the group members, plays
an important role in taking into account the views of
the party and the interests of the electorate in the
development of sectoral programs and discussion of
local decisions. [4].
Thirdly
, a new system has been established to
establish effective parliamentary and parliamentary
control over the activities of party factions and deputy
groups in the executive branch. According to it, the
center will consider the issues of defining the scope of
public administration bodies controlled by factions and
party groups in the regions, hearing their reports and
information at the relevant faction meetings,
identifying shortcomings and making substantiated
information and suggestions on the incompetence of
leaders.
Fourthly
, according to the Law of the Republic of
Uzbekistan No. ORQ-527 of March 5, 2019, a candidate
for the Cabinet of Ministers will be considered and
approved by the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis
of the Republic of Uzbekistan after initial consideration
by factions of political parties in the Legislative
Chamber. The introduction of this practice will further
increase the role and capacity of factions of political
parties in the formation of the government and its
members.
Fifthly
, according to the amendment to the Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan No. ZRU-476 of April 18, 2018,
party groups in the Jogorku Kenesh of the Republic of
Karakalpakstan, the Councils of People's Deputies will
be formed if at least three deputies elected to these
Councils unite.
Prior to that, this requirement was five for the Jogorku
Kenesh of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regional,
Tashkent city and city (regional center) Councils of
People's Deputies. For district councils, however, there
was no clear requirement and no legal basis for the
mechanism. Previous demands and uncertainties led
not only to difficulties in the activities of party groups
in
local
councils,
but
also
to
various
misunderstandings. For example, if two deputies were
elected to the relevant district council from a single
political party, the question of whether they could
form a party group remained open.
Sixthly
, according to the amendment to the Law of the
Republic of Uzbekistan No. ZRU-476 of April 18, 2018,
was given the right to submit a conclusion about
unsatisfactory activities of district (city) khokims, as
well as officials of relevant local executive bodies to
the Jogorku Kenesh of the Republic of Karakalpakstan,
regional or Tashkent city khokims.
Seventhly
, in accordance with the amendments
introduced by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan
No. ORQ-476 of April 18, 2018, the institution of a
representative of the member of the Legislative
Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of
Uzbekistan was introduced. According to it, a political
party, in agreement with a deputy of the Legislative
Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, will appoint a public representative from
among the employees of the territorial branch of the
party in the relevant constituency.
Representative of the deputy of the Legislative
Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of
Uzbekistan:
Assists the deputy in establishing regular contacts with
his constituents in the constituency;
Registers appeals of individuals and legal entities
addressed to the deputy in the constituency and
informs the deputy about it;
17
Volume 04 Issue 01-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
14-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
Assists the deputy in receiving individuals and
representatives of legal entities, as well as in
organizing the deputy's meetings with voters;
Organizes work related to the exercise of the deputy's
powers in the territory of the constituency on behalf of
the deputy;
Perform other duties of the deputy in the exercise of
his powers.
Eighthly
, based on the proposals made by President
Sh. Mirziyoyev at a video conference with
representatives of the Oliy Majlis, political parties, and
the Ecological Movement of Uzbekistan on July 12, 2017
[5], the practice of holding a meeting of political party
leaders with the President once a year was established.
A vivid example of this is the meeting of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev on
August 22 with the leaders of political parties operating
in our country[6]. The meeting was significant in that it
provided an in-depth analysis of the activities of
political parties in the light of the requirements of
large-scale reforms in the country, as well as ideas and
practical suggestions for improving their work and
efficiency.
In addition, the amendments to the electoral
legislation and the Electoral Code of the Republic of
Uzbekistan introduced a number of benefits and
opportunities for the participation of political parties in
elections. We can consider them in the following
examples:
The fact that only candidates were nominated by
political parties in the upcoming elections to the
representative bodies gave each party a great right and
opportunity. Candidates for deputies to the Legislative
Chamber of the Oliy Majlis in one hundred and fifty
constituencies are nominated only by political parties
(before the adoption of the Electoral Code, fifteen
deputies of the Legislative Chamber were elected at
the Conference of the Ecological Movement of
Uzbekistan);
According to the current procedure, candidates for
regional, district and city Kengashes of People's
Deputies are nominated only by political parties
(before the adoption of the Electoral Code, self-
governing bodies also had the right to nominate
candidates for district and city Kengashes);
When collecting signatures by political parties, voters
were given the opportunity to sign in support of a
number of parties. This will make it easier and more
convenient for political parties to collect signatures in
support of their participation in the elections;
Political parties are required to publish information on
the financing of their participation in their elections on
their official websites and in print within one month of
the announcement of the election results. Previously,
there was no such requirement in our legislation. The
introduction of this provision will ensure that the
electoral process, especially those related to its
financing process, is conducted in an open and
transparent manner;
It was stipulated that a political party could revoke its
decision to nominate a person fifteen days before the
election (previously this period was five days).
The above examples demonstrate the importance of
the legal framework and the ongoing reforms aimed at
increasing the role of political parties in the
management of the state and society in a short period
of time.
We believe that in order for political parties to have
their place in the life of society, taking advantage of the
18
Volume 04 Issue 01-2022
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
01
Pages:
14-18
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
453
)
(2021:
5.
952
)
OCLC
–
1176274523
METADATA
IF
–
7.659
Publisher:
The USA Journals
rights granted to them in the legislation, it is necessary
to carry out the following tasks::
1.
Political parties must constantly carry out the level
of activity in the period of elections, throughout
their activities. They must constantly establish their
relations with voters on the basis of appropriate
plans.
2.
Recruitment of personnel loyal to the idea of the
party to the management apparatus of political
parties and the formation of candidates for
deputies from among them.
3.
To establish parliamentary and Deputy control
over the executive div through political party
factions in the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy
Majlis and party groups in local councils, to express
the interests of the country without taking full
advantage of the legal opportunities given in this
regard.
4.
Increase their activity in social networks in order to
further enhance the interaction of political parties
with voters and citizens. The latest analysis shows
that political parties are not so active in social
networks. The number of their subscribers in social
networks, they do not even make up five percent
of their members.
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