The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
41
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
41-45
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-06
I
MPACT
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ACTOR
2021:
5.
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‘
ABSTRACT
In recent years, Uzbekistan has been paying serious attention to creating new jobs and ensuring the
stability of existing jobs in order to increase employment and economic activity. The main focus is on
reducing unemployment, ensuring the employment of graduates of educational institutions entering
the labor market for the first time, increasing the employment of vulnerable groups, in particular,
women, people with disabilities, convicts, victims of human trafficking, external migration and
others. In this regard, the normative legal acts adopted in recent years define a number of important
tasks facing the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
KEYWORDS
Uzbekistan, migration, migrants, employment, women, human trafficking, law, decision, worker,
unemployment, attitude.
INTRODUCTION
In recent years, modern approaches to solving
the problem of migration in developed
countries, with special emphasis on the
substantiation of the leading trends in the
phenomenon of migration. Today, the world's
leading research centers have established
centers specializing in the study of the impact
of international migration on the political and
social stability of society and the experience
of international and foreign countries in this
area. Uzbekistan pays special attention to
effective migration policy, improvement of
conditions related to external migration
processes, and a number of targeted
measures are being taken[1,70]. This will help
in the main areas of activity of diplomatic
Status Of External And Internal Labor Migration In
Uzbekistan
Dusmurodov Obidjon Shomirzayevich
Lecturer At The Faculty Of History, National University Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
http://theamericanjour
nals.com/index.php/taj
pslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
42
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
41-45
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-06
I
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F
ACTOR
2021:
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missions in the field of work with migrant
workers today, in the implementation of
measures to ensure the personal safety and
social protection of citizens of Uzbekistan
abroad.
THE MAIN PART
Joining many norms of international law,
Uzbekistan pays great attention to the
protection of human rights, including the
rights of migrant workers. In order to further
improve the system of external labor
migration, radically expand its organizational
forms, ensure the protection of labor and
social rights of citizens leaving the country to
work, adopt a number of regulations to
expand the involvement of returning migrant
workers in entrepreneurship and labor was
made.
In particular, the Resolution of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 5,
2018 No 3839 "On additional measures to
further improve the system of external labor
migration of the Republic of Uzbekistan"
defines the main directions of regulation of
external labor migration [2,552]. According to
this decision, from September 1, 2018, legal
entities registered in the Republic of
Uzbekistan will have the following rights:
employment of citizens of the Republic of
Uzbekistan abroad on the basis of a license
issued by the Ministry of Employment and
Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
Accreditation in the Ministry of Employment
and Labor Relations of the Republic of
Uzbekistan,
activities
to
certify
the
professional qualifications of citizens of the
Republic of Uzbekistan going to work abroad,
including the acquisition of professional skills
and knowledge of foreign languages.
At the same time, in order to improve the
registration of citizens of the Republic of
Uzbekistan going abroad for work and to
conduct research to assess the socio-
economic impact of labor migration on
society, the Cabinet of Ministers on May 15,
2007 Resolution No. 97 "On improving the
registration of citizens of the Republic of
Uzbekistan"[3,197]. According to paragraph 4
of the resolution, the Ministry of Employment
and Labor Relations will conduct an in-depth
special sociological study of labor migration of
citizens of Uzbekistan.
Today, in the era of international relations, the
world's leading research centers have
established centers specializing in the impact
of international migration on the political and
social stability of society and the experience
of international and foreign countries in this
area. In particular, research on migration
processes is currently being conducted by
international organizations such as The Center
to Migration Studies of New York (CMS) and
The Global Migration Center (GMC).
Many economists around the world have been
working on labor migration. In particular, M.
Bassand, N.N. Abakumova, V.V. Adamchuk,
N.A. Volgin, B.M. Genkin, P.V. Juravlev, S.A.
Kartashev, M.G. Kolosnitsyna, N.M. Kuzmina,
I.I. Kulintsev, Y.G. Odegov, V.A. Pavlenkov,
G.G. Rudenko, A.I. Rofe, S.Y. Roshchin, B.L.
Tokarskiy, G.S. Toniyants and others have
focused their research on labor migration
issues.
The
basic
concepts
of
immigration,
emigration, reemigration, “remnants of
migration” used in the study of international
migration problems were proposed by
Nikolaeva[4,62]. The main types of external
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
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The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
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2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
41-45
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-06
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labor migration of the population have been
studied by professor V.A. Iontsev in terms of
classification of factors and forms of impact
on the country of origin and the country of
entry[5,78]. On the scale of the Republic of
Uzbekistan can be mentioned the names of
R.A. Ubaydullaeva, K.H. Abdurahmanov, L.P.
Maksakova,
F.U.
Mamarasulov,
D.N.
Rahimova, Z.Y. Khudoiberdiev and others.
According to the Resolution of the Cabinet of
Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
November 12, 2003 "On measures to improve
the organization of labor activity of citizens of
the Republic of Uzbekistan abroad" Tashkent,
Fergana, Nukus, Bukhara and Karshi regional
employment bureaus.
Implementation of the Action Strategy of the
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
February 7, 2017 "On the Strategy for further
development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in
2017-2021" January 17, 2019 "On the five
priority areas of development of the Republic
of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021" Decree of the
Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan
dated May 24, 2017 "On measures to further
improve and increase the effectiveness of
state policy in the field of employment",
March 5, 2019 "On the state order of
employment and creation of new jobs in 2019"
, July 14, 2018 "On measures to improve and
increase the efficiency of work to ensure
employment." Adoption of well-developed
legal and regulatory documents by the
Government will play an important role in
achieving results in the implementation of
work in this area and the emergence of
positive developments. As a result of effective
results in this area, we will be able to achieve
great results in the future, making a significant
contribution to the economic growth and
development of the country.
Globalization is helping to increase human
mobility and the migration process in the
world. At the same time, population migration
is becoming an important factor in economic
and social development for developing
countries. At the present stage, no country
has been left out of migration relations, albeit
to one degree or another. The labor force
between countries unites the national labor
market of international migration into a single
market.
With
the
development
of
globalization, the flow of migration is also
accelerating, and a comprehensive solution to
this problem is becoming a requirement of the
times.
According to the International Organization
for Migration (IOM), the total number of
international migrants worldwide is about 272
million, two-thirds of whom are labor
migrants. It was noted that labor migration
plays an important role in world economic
relations. According to the data, informal
labor migration is increasing worldwide. Such
workers are socially and legally unprotected,
and in most cases highly skilled professionals
have to work as ordinary workers and in some
cases are paid several times lower than local
workers. In case of disclosure of such illegal
activity, the employer and the employee will
be subject to large fines, which has become a
global problem.
It should be noted that according to the data,
migrant workers who do not require higher
education
and
training
are
sent
to
construction work. Among migrant workers,
there are also those who give up a relatively
high level of employment and return before
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
44
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
41-45
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-06
I
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F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
the end of the contract period, which is due to
the severity of working conditions. As a result,
there is an increase in the share of highly
qualified specialists among them.
A number of practical works are being
organized in Uzbekistan to study both
theoretical
and
practical
aspects
of
international migration, migrants' rights, and
illegal migration from a scientific point of
view.
The transformation of the republic as an
independent state into an equal member of
the world community, a bold step towards
building a democratic state governed by the
rule of law and a free civil society is a huge
socio-historical process. The historical path
traversed by the population during the years
of independence, the great achievements and
milestones achieved, their essence and
significance
are
incomparable.
These
achievements have been made possible by the
prudent policy pursued under the leadership
of the First President Islam Karimov and the
selfless work of the working people to
strengthen independence. An important
component of the ongoing reforms in the
country is the implementation of the
constitutional rights of citizens to work, and
large-scale work is being carried out in this
area within the basic principles of state policy.
One of the key factors in the development of
any state is the creation of jobs, employment
and thus increase the welfare of the
population. The country is paying serious
attention to this topical issue on the basis of a
programmatic approach and is taking targeted
measures. Its purpose is to implement
comprehensive and interrelated measures on
employment through the mobilization of the
potential of the regions and sectors of the
economy, to promote the development of
effective forms of employment, taking into
account demographic and labor market
factors.
As the world economy develops and
interstate integration ties intensify, so does
labor migration. The steady widening of the
gap between developed and economically
backward countries also has a strong impact
on accelerating these processes[6,224].
Because labor migration is a special type of
migration at the current stage of development
of human society, aimed at finding decent
work and high incomes, it has become one of
the main tools to address the acute problems
of employment and wages in less developed
countries with difficult economies. Naturally,
Uzbekistan, which has achieved political
independence, but is faced with the need to
address the serious problems of the legacy of
the past in socio-economic development, has
not been able to stay out of the phenomenon
of the twentieth century - labor migration.
Radical changes in Uzbekistan's transition to a
market economy have had a profound effect
on labor relations in the first place. As a result,
in the process of economic reforms, the
phenomenon of unemployment, which is
inherent in the economic system based on
market relations, is an integral part and a
constant companion. As a result of objective
processes in the economy, thousands and
millions of people lost their jobs and lost their
source of income. The system of vocational
education in the newly independent Republic
has not yet adapted to the system of training
and retraining of qualified specialists, given
the real needs of the rapidly emerging market
in the country. As a result, there was a sharp
structural imbalance between labor supply
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
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The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
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Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
41-45
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-06
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and demand in the labor market, and market
relations deepened as they were established.
All this became a real tragedy for hired
workers, whose wages were the sole source
of family income, forcing them to find a way
out of the crisis, to provide for the family.
Indeed, at the time of Uzbekistan's
independence, agriculture was one of the
leading sectors of the national economy, with
1/3 of the population employed in socially
useful work, and now it has dropped to 26
percent. Considering that the labor force in
the rural population increased 1.6 times during
this period, we can see that the gap between
the supply and demand for labor in the labor
market in rural areas has deepened, and we
can be sure that rising unemployment is a
natural process. In general, the declining
number of people employed in agriculture and
the decline in the share of the population
employed in the total economy are typical of
global trends in the world economy, and in
our view, these processes will inevitably
accelerate in Uzbekistan. The fact that in the
economically developed Western countries
this figure is around 3-5 percent, and in
Germany less than 2 percent is a clear proof of
our opinion. This means that a western farmer
provides 20-33 people, a German farmer 50
people, and an Uzbek farmer only 4 people.
In the future, as a result of improving the
financial situation of farms, the material and
technical base of agriculture will develop and
the process of reducing employment will
accelerate, and under the influence of this
factor, the situation in the labor market will
worsen.
CONCLUSION
In short, first of all, the problem of labor
migrants should be considered as one of the
most important, central issues of socio-
economic development of Uzbekistan in
terms of present and future. This issue should
be in the constant focus of state leaders,
public organizations, scientists, the general
public and self-government bodies. In this
regard, I believe that a strategy and "road
map" of actions aimed at the export of labor
of our country should be developed and
gradually implemented in practice. According
to the analysis, the intensification of external
labor migration in Uzbekistan is a matter of
time, which is natural in a healthy economy,
which provides a large balance in the labor
market.
REFERENCES
1.
Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan No. PF-4947 of February 7,
2017 "On the Strategy of Actions for the
Further Development of the Republic of
Uzbekistan" // Collection of Legislation of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 6,
Article 70.
2.
Collection of Legislation of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, July 9, 2018, No. 27, Article
552.
3.
Collection of Legislation of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, 2007, No. 19-20, Article 197.
4.
Iontsev V.A. International population
migration: theory and history of study. -
M., 2005. - P. 62.
5.
Abdurahmonov Q.X. Labor economics.
Textbook. Toshkent, 2009. - P. 78.
6.
Muydinov D.N. The impact of migration
processes on the stability of Europe (in
Germany’s case) // International Journal of
Political Science and Development. ISSN:
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
46
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
41-45
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-06
I
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ACTOR
2021:
5.
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2360-784. X Volume, 06 Issue 07 October
2018. - P 219-224.
