The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
200
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
200-204
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-31
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
‘
ABSTRACT
This article addresses topical issues of protection of children from domestic violence in the national
legal system. Special attention is paid to the forms of domestic violence, protection of the rights and
freedoms of victims.
KEYWORDS
Child, child rights, domestic violence, physical violence, mental violence, sexual violence, economic
violence, cyber violence, social rehabilitation.
INTRODUCTION
It is known that the root of any offense and
negative vices is formed in the family. The
family plays an important role in the formation
of human qualities, such as preparing a person
for social life, spiritual and moral upbringing,
behavior in the process of social relations with
individuals. Today, 40 percent of crimes against
life and health, one in four murders, one in five
Processes For The Prevention Of Domestic Violence Against
Children In Uzbekistan
Shavkat Ganiev
Senior Lecturer Of The Institute National Institute Of Art And Design, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
http://usajournalshub.c
om/index,php/tajpslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
201
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
200-204
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-31
I
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F
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2021:
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952
intentional bodily harm, and one in eight insults
and slander are committed in the domestic
sphere. President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev: "I am personally
deeply
disturbed
by
the
unhealthy
relationships in the families, the quarrels
between the mothers-in-law, the couples, and
the suicides among our women," he said. [1].
The national legislation of all countries of the
world places special emphasis on ensuring
human rights and freedoms, in particular the
protection of the life, health, honor and dignity
of
children
from
various
criminal
encroachments. The Universal Declaration of
Human Rights recognizes that "the recognition
of the inherent dignity and of equal, inalienable
rights of all members of the human family is the
foundation of freedom, justice and universal
peace".
All can be victims of violence, but given the
high probability of children being victims of
violence, the types of violence, the severity,
and the dramatic consequences, the latest
reforms are aimed at protecting children who
are socially vulnerable.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The high latency of this problem is that victims
understand the violence as part of a normal life
or family upbringing, do not go anywhere or do
not know the right to appeal in order not to
tarnish the image of their parents or peers.
Violence against children includes all forms of
violence committed by parents or other
guardians, peers or strangers against people
under the age of 18.
Nearly 1 billion children between the ages of 2
and 17 worldwide are physically, sexually, or
emotionally abused or neglected each year [3].
Violence in childhood affects health and well-
being throughout life. Types and forms of
violence against children. Physical violence -
inflicting bodily injuries of varying severity,
endangering, failing to assist a person whose
life is in danger, committing other offenses of
a violent nature, threatening to inflict physical
harm or other means of such infliction.
Physical violence can include the following:
Slapping, kicking, pushing, punching;
Pushing with a punch;
Throwing various sharp objects;
Physical inability to leave the house;
Forced labor, forced working in night shifts
with difficult working conditions;
Not to sleep at night and so on.
Mental violence is the act of insulting,
slandering, threatening children, humiliating
their
honor,
dignity,
controlling
the
reproductive sphere, causing concern for their
own safety, inability to defend themselves, or
harming their mental health (inaction).
Psychological violence can include the
following:
Lack of recognition of the child's interests
and feelings;
Laughing at the child's thoughts;
Ignoring the feelings of the victim as a
punishment;
To lie and use it for personal gain;
Threatening his friends and relatives
(property);
Refusal to go to public places with the
victim;
Shame among relatives;
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
202
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
200-204
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-31
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
Threatening to leave the house;
Refusal to help him when he is sick;
Resistance to education (as if you were
going to study in the city);
Violence against children who have passed
away as caregivers (foster children,
orphans, orphans, etc.
Constant criticism, resentment, anger, ie
(you are very lazy or "second", you are an
animal, you are not a child, it is better to be
born a girl, or vice versa), etc.
Sexual acts against children, as well as coercion
or threat of violence, or coercion to have sex
with a third party by committing immoral acts
against female minors.
Sexual violence includes:
All forms of homosexuality;
Forcing to watch sexually explicit films;
Satisfaction of sexual needs by unnatural
means;
Rape of minors, etc.
Action (inaction) that restricts the exercise of
children's right to food, housing and other
necessary conditions for normal life and
development, the right to property, the right
to education and the right to work).
Economic violence can include the following:
Unreasonable non-payment for basic
needs (food, clothing, medicine);
Restriction of the right to use housing;
Not to be allowed to study or work;
Control how much money is spent;
Not to waste his money;
Is reflected in the application of the
principle of balance in the use of the family
budget.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Another type of violence that is prevalent
today is cyberbullying. This type of violence is
characterized by the continuing, repetitive,
and prolonged use of the Internet to degrade
someone’s honor and dignity. The anonymity
of the perpetrator of psychological violence is
marked by the fact that unpleasant messages
are spread through the Internet day and night,
causing great suffering to the victim. Using the
Internet, the place of work or study is
characterized by the spread of various insults,
slander, slander, rumors, fabricated messages
in the family. We can also recognize the use of
the Internet and social networks as scenes of
cruelty and violence that have a profound
effect on a person's psyche, as well as games
that promote suicide.
Domestic violence against children differs from
acts committed in the workplace and in
educational institutions:
The abuser has full control over the victim,
there is no possibility for the victim to
escape from the abuser and remain safe;
Violence is committed in order for one
person to dominate and control another;
Almost all family members suffer from
violence;
There is an emotional connection between
the abuser and the victim.
The victim may feel a strong emotional
attachment to the abuser and may side with
the abuser when a third party seeks help. Such
behavior of the victim is known in psychology
as
“Stockholm
syndrome”.
Community
members are reluctant to interfere in family
affairs, and victims themselves prefer to
remain silent about the situation in the family.
Domestic violence is cyclical. Domestic
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
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The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
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2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
200-204
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-31
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violence against children can be conditionally
divided into a cycle of four stages and
increasing repetition.
1.
Increased
tension
in
the
family.
Relationships between family members
change and resentment increases. The
victim tries to justify himself, to claim his
rights.
2.
Violence. Mental, physical, or other types
of violence escalate and are accompanied
by intense anger, threats, intimidation.
3.
Reconciliation period. The perpetrator
apologizes and explains the reason for the
violence or blames the victim. Sometimes
he denies the violence and accuses the
victim of exaggerating himself.
4.
A period of peace in the relationship
("happy family"). The situation of violence
was forgotten and the violence was
forgiven. Pre-conflict relationships return,
and before the next conflict begins, the
“happy family era” begins.
Today, in order to protect children from
violence, measures are being taken to create
an atmosphere of intolerance to oppression
and violence against children in society. In
particular, our country has ratified a number of
international documents on the protection of
children from violence. International human
rights instruments strengthen the mechanism
for protecting children from violence, including
criminal violence in the family. The Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, the International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the
International Covenant on Economic, Social,
and Cultural Rights recognize the family as a
community-based group and protect the child
from domestic violence.
Article 14 of the Family Code of the Republic of
Uzbekistan stipulates that marriage is
voluntary, and Article 19 states that husband
and wife enjoy equal rights and responsibilities
in the family [4]. Article 79 of the Code provides
for abuse of parental rights, ill-treatment of
children, including the use of physical force or
psychological influence; it is established that
he may be deprived of parental rights if he has
committed an intentional crime against the life
or health of his children or the life or health of
his husband (wife). The Code of Administrative
Responsibility of the Republic of Uzbekistan
contains norms establishing liability for types
of violence. In particular, Article 47 of the
Criminal Code stipulates “failure to fulfill
obligations for the upbringing and education of
children”, Article 473 - violation of the
legislation on marriage age, Article 474 - refusal
to provide financial support to minors or
disabled people, Article 52 - minor injuries. The
responsibility for the species is defined.
An analysis of the behavior of children who
have been victims of domestic or other forms
of violence suggests that they have the
following characteristics:
The victim is inhumane, reluctant to
communicate with family members and
relatives;
Deep self-esteem, deep distress over the
humiliation of honor and dignity;
Show feelings of frustration due to fear
and anxiety;
Neglect of his appearance, natural needs,
often thinking about suicide or attempting
to commit suicide;
Lack of food or excessive consumption,
desire to consume alcohol, drugs;
Rolling his eyes during communication,
shedding tears, mistrusting people;
Indifference or aggression towards their
relatives.
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 04-2021
204
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
April 30, 2021 |
Pages:
200-204
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue04-31
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
Children, the elderly, and women are more
likely to be victims of domestic violence. In
many cases, it is the victims of domestic
violence who do not seek redress from the
police or medical authorities. This is most often
seen in women and children. When
investigating information obtained from the
judiciary, they try not to disclose information
about the abuse of children by their parents, to
conceal such cases, or to explain that they
received the bodily injury as a result of their
negligence, even if they sought medical help.
The main reason for this can be explained by
the fact that children are afraid of the
separation of their parents, trying not to
divulge family secrets.
CONCLUSION
The new Uzbek government's cooperation
with the International Labor Organization, the
expansion of education on forced labor and
child labor, mechanization of the cotton
harvest, the government's plan to reduce the
area under cotton, as well as violations of the
law on forced and (or) child labor from 2016
The introduction of the release system was
also one of the first important steps in
preventing the exploitation of child labor.
In our country, comprehensive measures are
being taken to prevent crime, in particular, to
raise the legal awareness and culture of the
population, to improve cooperation between
government agencies and civil society
institutions. In particular, the Action Strategy
for the five priority areas of development of
the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021
includes increasing the responsibility of
parents to control the behavior of children
from troubled families, unorganized youth,
unemployed youth affected by "popular
culture". prevention of smoking, alcohol
consumption and other diseases [5] ”.
REFERENCES
1.
Mirziyoev Sh. M. Let us be more united and
work resolutely for the fate and future of
our country. // People's word. - T., 2017.
June 16.
2.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(December 10, 1948) / United Nations.
3.
World Report on Violence against Children.
- T., 2009. - B. 61
4.
Family Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan
// https://lex.uz/docs/104720#158601
5.
Decree of the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan dated February 7, 2017 No PF-
4947 "On the Strategy of further
development
of
the
Republic
of
Uzbekistan" // Collection of Legislation of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, № 6.,
Article 70.
