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STUDY ON THE ENRICHMENT POTENTIAL OF VANADIUM-
CONTAINING ORE FROM THE SIJJAK DEPOSIT
Kayumov Oybek Azamat ugli
Karshi State Technical University
Uzbekistan, Karshi
E-mail:
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-6429
Abstract
: This study investigates the enrichment potential of vanadium-
containing ore from the Sijjak deposit in Uzbekistan. The chemical, spectral, and
scanning analyses of ore samples revealed a vanadium content ranging from 200 to
2500 g/t, with vanadium present
mainly in oxidized form as V₂O₅. Gravity
separation methods, including concentration table and jigging machine tests, were
applied; however, the enrichment efficiency did not exceed 63%, and about 40%
of vanadium remained in the tailings. Flotation was deemed impractical due to the
low sulfide content of the ore. The findings suggest that direct leaching or
pyrometallurgical processing may be more suitable for this type of ore, as further
enrichment by traditional methods results in significant losses of the valuable
metal.
Keywords
: vanadium ore, Sijjak deposit, gravity separation, vanadium
pentoxide, direct leaching, pyrometallurgy, rare metals, enrichment potential
Introduction.
Vanadium is widely used in hydrogen energy and electronics.
As a rare metal, vanadium very rarely occurs in nature as native deposits and is
mainly obtained as a secondary metal during the extraction of iron-bearing ores.
The primary technology for producing vanadium from blast furnace slag involves
both pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes, which are developing
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rapidly. This dissertation is dedicated to the science of combining pyro- and
hydrometallurgical methods for vanadium extraction [3].
Vanadium is a relatively abundant element in the Earth's crust, with an
average content of 0.005% of its total mass. Despite this abundance and the
presence of more than fifty known vanadium-containing minerals, its use only
slightly exceeds that of gold, which is due to the fact that primary vanadium
deposits are quite rare.
Ores containing more than 1% V
2
O
5
are considered extremely rich, which is
why in the processing industry, it is deemed profitable to use ore containing more
than 0.01% vanadium. In this context, the black shales (vanadium-containing ore)
of Greater Karatau are of great interest, where the average vanadium content is
around 8,000-100,000 g/t or about 1%. The main distribution of this black shale
deposit is located in the Kyzylorda region, and there are few such deposits in the
world. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, a vanadium-containing black shale deposit
has been identified in the Kyzylkum Desert, named Rudnoye (Ma'dani), where, in
addition to vanadium, other elements of industrial interest are also found [4].
A review of the literature shows that the metal is widely distributed as an
accompanying element in titanomagnetite iron-bearing ores. Vanadium in the form
of pentavalent oxide occurs at levels of about 0.1-0.2%, from which all useful
components are extracted: initially, intermediate products - pig iron and titanium-
rich slags - are obtained in blast furnace production, then steel and vanadium slag
are produced from the pig iron. Slag containing vanadium pentoxide serves as the
basis for the production of commercial pentoxide and ferrovanadium, which is used
in ferrous metallurgy for alloying steel [5].
Methods and Results
. Today, rare metals are considered "vitamins" for the
metallurgical and electrical engineering industries, as the development of
vanadium production technology provides a powerful boost to the country's steel
industry. Furthermore, the future development of semiconductors and chemical
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industry devices is closely linked to vanadium. The Republic of Uzbekistan
possesses vast reserves of vanadium metals, both of secondary origin and primary
mineral raw materials, which require thorough research to obtain high-quality
metallic vanadium [6].
In our work, the studied samples were re-examined using chemical analysis
methods and then subjected to roasting processes. The samples were analyzed at
the Research Laboratory of Navoi State Mining and Technological University; 9
samples collected from various sections of the deposit were analyzed for vanadium
content. The vanadium content in the samples ranged from 200 to 2500 g/t. The
chemical analysis of sample No. 9 is presented in Table 1.
Table 1
Chemical analysis of ore sample 9 from the Sidzhak deposit
Component
V(V
2
O
5
)
Cu SiO
2
Al
2
O
3
Fe
2
O
3
Ca
O
MgO S
ОБ
Щ
S
S
C
ОБЩ
C
ОРГ
Content (%)
0,6(1,2
)
0,26 76,5 4,5 4,6 1,9 1,1 0,9 0,
3
1,2 1,5
The results of the chemical analysis were also corroborated by the SEM and
spectral analysis results (see Tables 3.1 and 3.2), as the ore from the Sidjak deposit
contains a high amount of vanadium pentoxide.
Table 2
Chemical analysis of ore sample 31 from the Sijak deposit
Component
SiO
2
Al
2
O
3
Fe
2
O
3
Р
2
О
5
МnO
CaO MgO V
2
O
5
Content (%)
74,56 5,72
3,45
0,84 0,43 0,95 0,75 0,48(0,24)
The study conducted showed promising results for vanadium ore with a
vanadium content of 2400 g/t.
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For a comprehensive rational analysis of the Sijjak deposit, spectral and
chemical analyses were conducted, confirming the scanning analysis methods. The
size of the main minerals for further processing was -
50 μm,
-
30 μm,
-
20 μm, and
-
100 μm. The obtained
results enabled the selection of an enrichment method.
Applying the flotation method to vanadium ore is impractical, as the ore is low in
sulfides, and the main mass of the valuable component is in oxidized form. For
these reasons, experiments using the flotation method were not conducted. The
gravity enrichment method was carried out using a concentration table and a jigging
machine, as the particle size above the studied result confirmed very close values
for vanadium and iron. This was reflected in the production of gravity concentrates,
where the vanadium concentrate was contaminated with iron, and the product yield
increased due to the large volume of iron. Moreover, the enrichment of vanadium
in the concentrate during gravitational enrichment did not exceed 63%, with about
40% of vanadium remaining in the tailings, which would require additional
extraction measures.
Conclusions
. Thus, by analyzing literature sources, it was determined that
such vanadium-containing ore with normal vanadium content is typically processed
without enrichment, using direct leaching or pyrometallurgical methods.
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