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FEATURES OF BULK EXTRACTION OF COMPLEX ORE BODIES
WITH INTERLAYERS AND ROCK INCLUSIONS AT THE
“
ZARMITAN
”
DEPOSIT
Kayumov O.A., Gayratova M.Z.
Karshi State Technical University
Uzbekistan, Karshi
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-6429
Abstract:
This article has developed a technology for the gross excavation
of complex ore bodies with interlayers and rock inclusions, which provides an
increase in the completeness and quality of mineral extraction from the subsoil,
ensuring safe treatment conditions and eliminating the likelihood of blast hole
destruction.
Key words:
ore, losses, block, ore div, well, exploration, capital
construction, preparation, mining.
Introduction.
When developing low-grade deposits, justifying bulk mining
is one of the main and most complex aspects. Bulk and selective mining under the
same geological conditions yield different quantities of ore, varying in quality and
characterized by different costs.
The development of low-grade deposits has several features that must be
considered in calculations. Varying ore thickness leads to changes in system
parameters, primarily in the width of the stoping area. As studies [2-10] show, the
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economic indicators of the applied mining methods largely depend on the width of
the stoping area. To correctly select system parameters for specific conditions and
compare indicators of selective and bulk mining, it is necessary to first establish
the optimal parameters for stoping operations under a given mining method.
Methods and Results
. The primary parameter to be optimized is the width
of the stoping area. There is an opinion [11] about the need to reduce the width of
the stoping area, but there is no generally accepted methodology to determine the
feasibility of this viewpoint. The optimal width of the stoping area is selected and
justified based on the total national economic costs for extraction and processing
of ore obtained from 1 ton of reserves. The calculation is carried out according to
the formula:
→
−
+
+
+
+
+
=
k
k
i
МП
КВ
О
Т
Д
P
A
n
n
q
q
q
q
q
Q
1
max
min,
)
(
)
(
(1)
where n
max
is the maximum possible quantity of extractable metals under given
conditions, kg; n
i
is the quantity of metals from 1 ton of reserves extracted into the
finished product at a given stope width, kg;
k
- is the number of metals extracted.
The quantity of metals extracted into the finished product is determined by
the formula:
,
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
Mn
On
В
n
П
M
O
П
M
O
П
П
Q
Q
Q
n
+
+
+
=
(2)
where
ηП
is the ore mass yield from a unit of reserves in selective mining,
expressed as a fraction;
β
(1...n) is the proportion of each ore grade in the extracted
ore mass, expressed as a fraction; Q
1
,
2
are the costs for obtaining metals per unit
of reserves, in sum;
ε
M
(1...n) and
ε
O
(1...n) are the recovery rates during ore
beneficiation for each grade and metallurgical processing, expressed as fractions;
Q
V
is the cost for obtaining metals per unit of reserves during bulk mining, in sum;
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To substantiate losses and dilution at different widths of the extraction space,
actual indicators are used or calculations are performed using formulas.
;
О
Ж
О
т
т
т
г
−
=
,
''
Ж
Ж
О
т
т
т
г
−
=
(3)
where
г
and
г
'
are coefficients of dilution and admixture, respectively, during bulk
mining; m
O
is the width of the stope, m; m
ж
is the thickness of the ore div (vein),
m.
,
ПЕР
О
ПОСТ
Д
С
т
С
q
+
=
(4)
where
С
пост
the semi-fixed part of costs (expenses for exploration, capital
construction, opening, preparation, and stoping) attributed to a unit of extracted ore
mass, which decreases with an increase in the width of the stoping space, sum;
semi-variable part of expenses (costs for transportation, hoisting, and overhead).
With a constant annual production capacity, these remain approximately constant
per unit of extracted ore mass, in sum.
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Fig. 1. Flow chart for comparing separate and bulk mining options for
complex ore bodies with interlayers and rock inclusions
1 - Initial data generation unit; 2 - Unit for generating current values of
the stope width; 3 - Unit for comparison and selection of the maximum possible
quantity of metals; 4 - Unit for calculating the amount of metals recovered
into concentrate n; 5 - Unit for calculating the costs of finished products when
operating in optimal modes; 6 - Unit for calculating the amount of metals
obtained through systems when operating in optimal modes n
опт
; 7 - block for
calculating the total costs of metal production Q
В
,, Q
C
(c - metal content in
reserves; to - width of the stope; m - vein thickness)
The costs of processing 1 ton of ore are also approximately constant and
depend little on changes in its metal content.The variable and fixed components
of the costs are determined by analyzing the cost calculation for 1 ton of ore mass
or through special observations in the extraction blocks.Expression (3.1), taking
into account formula (3.4), will have the following form:
→
−
+
+
=
k
K
i
ПЕР
О
ПОСТ
A
n
n
С
т
C
Q
1
max
.
min
)
(
)
(
(5)
The minimum value determines the optimal width of the extraction space under
given conditions.
Calculations for comparing selective and bulk mining options can be performed
using a computer. The flowchart of such calculations is shown in Figure 1.
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CONCLUSIONS
1. A technology for bulk extraction of complex ore bodies with interlayers
and rock inclusions has been developed. This technology ensures increased
completeness and quality of mineral extraction from the subsoil, provides safe
conditions for stoping operations, and eliminates the possibility of blast hole
destruction. The developed technology contributes to the formation of stable
chamber walls. Simultaneously, it eliminates the risk of uncontrolled collapse of
weakened ore and rock masses, reducing the levels of primary and secondary ore
dilution and operational losses.
2. Studies have established the relationship between the cost of extracting 1
ton of ore mass and the width of the stoping space during bulk extraction of
complex ore bodies, taking into account the costs of exploration, capital
construction, development, preparation, and stoping.
3. The bulk extraction of complex ore bodies with interlayers and rock
inclusions has been economically justified, resulting in the development of a block
diagram for comparing various options.
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М.,
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3.
Слабинский В.Т. Учет и анализ в горной промышленности. –
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