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METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING THE SUBJECT OF NUCLEIC
ACIDS IN PRACTICAL LESSONS ON THE BASIS OF INTERACTIVE
EDUCATIONAL METHODS
Xolboyev Yu.H.
(
DSc).,
Yulchiyeva S.T
(PhD).,
Makhammatova S.X
.(Ass)
Andijan State Medical Institute
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the methodological
foundations of teaching the topic "Nucleic Acids" in practical classes using modern
interactive teaching methods. The goal is to create an active learning environment
for students, consolidate theoretical knowledge with practical skills, and develop
the ability to think and analyze independently.
.
Interactive methods, including group work, role-playing games, laboratory
experiments, ways to improve the effectiveness of the lesson through the use of
ICT technologies are shown.
Keywords
: Nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, interactive method, practical training,
laboratory experience, ICT, group work, educational methodology.
Introduction
In the modern education system, the introduction of interactive methods in
teaching subjects is of great importance. Especially in natural sciences such as
biology and chemistry, it is necessary to combine theoretical knowledge with
practical skills.
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.
The topic of nucleic acids is the main one for the fields of biochemistry,
genetics, and medicine. Therefore, in order to provide students with deep and
effective knowledge in this topic, interactive educational methods should be used.
Nucleic acids, primarily DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid), are fundamental biomolecules that carry genetic information
and regulate numerous biological processes. Their discovery and in-depth
understanding have significantly impacted modern medicine, enabling
advancements in diagnostics, treatment, prevention, and research.Nucleic acids
play a central role in the diagnosis of diseases through genetic and molecular
testing. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is one of the most widely used
techniques that amplifies specific DNA or RNA sequences, allowing for the
detection of infectious agents such as viruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) and bacteria.
Additionally, genetic testing can identify mutations responsible for inherited
disorders, cancer susceptibility, and other genetic conditions.
Genetic diseases are caused by mutations in nucleic acid sequences. By
studying these sequences, scientists and medical professionals can identify the
genetic basis of diseases such as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and
Huntington's disease. This understanding allows for early diagnosis, informed
decision-making, and the development of targeted therapies.
Gene therapy involves altering the genetic material within a person's cells
to treat or prevent disease. This technique uses nucleic acids to replace, inactivate,
or introduce genes into cells. Gene therapy holds promise for treating a wide range
of diseases, including genetic disorders, some types of cancer, and viral
infections.The development of mRNA vaccines represents a revolutionary use of
nucleic acids in medicine. Vaccines such as those developed for COVID-19 (e.g.,
Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) use messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce a
harmless piece of the virus, prompting an immune response. This approach has
proven to be safe, efficient, and rapidly deployable. In forensic science, DNA
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profiling is used for identity verification, crime scene investigations, and paternity
testing. The uniqueness of each individual's DNA allows for accurate identification
and has become a cornerstone in legal medicine. Ongoing research in nucleic acid
technologies continues to open new avenues in precision medicine, regenerative
medicine, and synthetic biology. Innovations such as CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing
offer unprecedented control over the genome, raising hopes for cures to previously
untreatable conditions. Nucleic acids are indispensable to modern medicine. Their
roles in diagnostics, treatment, and prevention have revolutionized healthcare and
opened doors to a future of personalized and effective medical solutions. As
research advances, the applications of DNA and RNA in medicine will only
continue to grow.
The integration of educational technologies in medical education has become
essential in preparing future healthcare professionals. With the rapid development
of digital tools, educators are now able to create more engaging, flexible, and
student-centered
learning environments. These technologies enhance students’
understanding, critical thinking, and practical skills through interactive and
innovative methods.Educational technologies offer numerous benefits in medical
education. They provide access to a vast range of resources, facilitate self-paced
learning, and improve retention of complex concepts. Moreover, digital platforms
allow students to review content multiple times, leading to better understanding
and performance.
Various types of educational technologies are utilized in teaching medical
students, including:
- Learning Management Systems (LMS) such as Moodle and Canvas
- Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) for simulating surgical procedures
- Interactive multimedia presentations and animations
- Online quizzes and assessments
- E-books and digital libraries
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- Simulation labs and mannequins for practical skills
- Telemedicine and virtual patient interactions
Medical students benefit greatly from educational technologies as they:
- Enhance visualization of anatomical and physiological structures
- Allow interactive and collaborative learning
- Support remote and asynchronous learning
- Provide instant feedback and performance tracking
- Foster critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills
Despite the advantages, implementing educational technologies also presents
challenges such as:
- High cost of advanced technological tools
- Need for technical training for both instructors and students
- Ensuring equal access to technology
- Maintaining student engagement in online settings
The future of medical education lies in blended learning models that
combine traditional teaching with digital innovations. Artificial intelligence,
virtual simulations, and personalized learning systems will continue to shape the
way medical students are educated. Institutions must invest in infrastructure and
training to maximize the benefits of these tools.
Goals and objectives:
To form a complete and deep knowledge of the
structure, types and biological significance of nucleic acids in students, to
strengthen this knowledge on the basis of practical experiences.
Duties:
- Teaching the basic functions and structure of nucleic acids;
- creation of DNA and RNA models, analysis of their differences;
-
Conducting DNA isolation experiments in laboratory conditions;
- Development of critical thinking through group work and problem tasks;
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- Carrying out assessment and analysis using ICT tools.
Theoretical basis of nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are polymeric substances composed of nucleotides, whose main
function is to store and transmit genetic information.
They are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid
(RNA). DNA has a double helix structure and stores the genetic code. There are
different types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), which are involved in the process
of protein synthesis.
Interactive teaching methods and their application
1. Group work method - students are divided into groups, conduct a detailed
analysis on the assigned topics and present the results.
2. Role play - Demonstrating processes such as the "Transmission Process"
on stage increases students' memory.
3. Laboratory experiments - for example, isolating DNA from onions or
bananas, students gain practical knowledge.
4. ICT technologies - make the teaching process interesting and active through
Kahoot, Mentimeter, interactive tests and videos.
Evaluation criteria
Type of activity
Ball
Explanation
Group work
20
Quality
of
educational product
Laboratory work
30
Proper execution,
hygiene
ICT test
20
Number of correct
answers
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Reflections
and
performances
30
Quality
of
reinforcement
Total
100
Conclusion
Nucleic acids have transformed medicine by enabling precise diagnostics,
revolutionary therapies, and personalized treatment strategies. As research
progresses, their role in curing complex diseases and improving healthcare will
only grow. Embracing this potential requires continuous scientific innovation,
ethical responsibility, and global cooperation.
Teaching the topic of nucleic acids using interactive methods based on the
above methodological approaches makes the learning process of students more
effective and active. Students learn to apply theoretical knowledge in practice,
solve problematic tasks, and develop thinking skills.
References
1. Alberts B., Johnson A. et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland
Science, 2022.
2. Lehninger A. Principles of Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman, 2021.
3. Nazarov N.N. Chemistry of Biomolecules. Tashkent, 2020.
4. Concept of Higher Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2019.
5. www.kahoot.com
—
interactive educational platform.
6. Siddikov A.H. Innovative Approaches to Education. Tashkent, 2022.
7. Mamatov Sh. Fundamentals of Molecular Biology. Samarkand, 2021.
