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MORPHO SEMANTICS, NOUN ANALYZATION OF MORPHEMES WITH
SUFFIXES *FUL AND *LESS.
By: Khayitbaev Otakhon Shokirovich
Occupation: Lecturer in Mamun University
E mail:
Phone number: +998996225999
2025
Abstract:
These days, there is a great deal of discussion on the
morphosemantic purpose of suffixes like as "full" and "less," amongst others.
However, it appears that in order to get more knowledge about them, we need to
address the qualities of the nouns with which they are related in order to talk about
the features of the nouns.
This study will present a corpus analysis (COCA) of the suffixes "ful"
and "less," as well as the specialties of the nouns to which they are attached, such
as similarities and differences in form and meaning, word roots, expression
combinations, and so on. The suffixes "ful" and "less" will also be analyzed in
conjunction with the nouns to which they are attached. This research, which focuses
mostly on nouns, makes an effort to discern between the various use categories and
then kinds of nouns with the assistance of COCA. The primary emphasis of this
study is on nouns.
1.
Introduction
Corpus-based research in the productivity of word production have proven
that massive computer corpora may be usefully exploited to find long-sought
answers to concerns connected to the issue of morphology. These solutions have
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been sought for a very long time. This point has been driven home by the fact that
people have been looking for answers to these issues for a very long time. (e.g.
Baayen, 1992, 1993; Baayen & Lieber, 1991; Baayen & Renouf, 1995; Baayen &
Neijt, 1997; Plag, 1999). The suffixes that have been discussed thus far are all
antonyms, and the meaning, or, to put it more precisely, the ultimate meaning, of
any connected morpheme would be the same regardless of whatever suffix was
attached to it. In this analysis, the morphemes serve as the major point of
concentration due to the fact that they represent the primary source of semantic
support for the final product (when morpheme connected with the suffix). There,
we have the ability to ask numerous questions, one of which is, "What categories
of nouns (morphemes) do they commonly prefer to connect?" Do they exhibit any
qualities that are shared by both their outward look and the message they convey?
How do they jumble themselves up in various sorts of phrases? We are making an
effort to obtain answers to these issues with the assistance of the COCA.
Key words: Morphosemantics, suffix, corpus analysis (COCA), "ful" and
"less", Corpus-based research
2.
Methodology
One of the corpora that was used in this investigation was the Corpus of
Contemporary American English, which is usually referred to by its acronym,
COCA. COCA is one of the biggest accessible corpora and includes data on the
English language from the years 1990 to 2022, making it one of the most
comprehensive corpora. This specific corpus comprises a quantity of corpus that
draws from an electronic database of words and has one billion words in total.
Data analyzation.
The major linguistic qualities at stake have, for the most part, already been
labeled, and it is possible to discover them via the use of the online search tools
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supplied by the corpora. As a consequence of this, and in order to make the most
of the adaptable search features provided by the COCA, the method for searching
and evaluating the data used in this investigation is almost broken down into many
stages: first, a query of the overall frequencies of -less and -ful in COCA; second,
a query of the frequencies of each type of N-less and N-ful constructions; and third,
an analysis of the results; third, I analyze nouns and try to find form and semantic
similarities and differences; fourth, I include also "awesome" and "awful"
expressions, as there are also some interesting points to add to our topic. Firstly, a
query of the overall frequencies of
3.
Analysis
This page provides a COCA frequency chart for the word "ful," which we may
go at at our leisure. Nouns make up the vast majority of the connected morphemes,
with the word "beautiful" being the noun that shows up most often in contexts. As
can be seen from the above list, the vast majority of these nouns have the form of
abstract nouns. There are certain morphemes that are analogous to the ones that are
shown in the next two pictures, which are: (useful, helpful, harmful, hopeful and
harmful). These morphemes are shared by both of these sets of conditions;
nonetheless, the meanings that are conveyed by their suffixes could not be more
different from one another. The great majority of morphemes can be differentiated
from
one
another
when
compared
to
other
morphemes.
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The second figure shows a frequency distribution of words that have the suffix
-less attached to the end of the word. The same problematic situation may be seen
at this place as well. Having said that, there is a significant difference that should
be brought out. In contrast to what was covered before, the most majority of them
are nouns that fall into either the category of being common or concrete. Of course,
there are also some abstract nouns, but the percentage is much smaller when
compared to the morphemes that combine with "-ful."
Figure 1
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Another topic that has been discussed in the past is one that has the potential
to be discussed once again now. At first look, the morphemes (terrible and
amazing) may give the impression that the word "awe" is the root of both of these
adjectives; however, this is not the case. To do so, however, would be incorrect due
to the fact that the words from which these two morphemes are formed are
completely
separate
from
one
another
(aw,
and
awe)
It is clear from the context that this is an interjection, and that it expresses
a moderate degree of dissatisfaction. The addition of the suffix complete serves to
emphasize the meaning of the word even more. It is clear from the corpus that the
morpheme is used rather often.
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The word "awe" is the origin of the morpheme "awe," and it has a
meaning that is completely unrelated to the meaning of the term we discussed
before. This demonstrates that "awe" is a noun and that it may have a variety of
meanings (wonder, veneration). When "-some" is added to a phrase, the meaning
becomes more profound.
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4.
Conclusion.
This page offers a discussion of nouns that are connected to suffixes that
are related to (-ful,-less). I have insisted on the suffixal status of (-ful,-less) both in
initial and final position by means of an analysis on the processes of
grammaticalization that these two forms have gone through, despite the fact that
different people have arrived at different conclusions regarding the nature of these
two forms. I have done this by insisting that the suffixal status of (-ful,-less) is the
same whether it is in initial or final position.
We have counted and compared the morphemes that include these affixes so
that we may obtain an estimate of how often they are used. The COCA corpus was
used in the research, and the most prevalent morphemes were included into the
analysis of the data. One of the research goals for this analysis was to determine
how the morphemes differ from one another in both their shape and their meaning.
This analysis placed a significant emphasis, among other things, on paying
attention to the basic characteristics of the nouns.
As a result of doing this inquiry, I have significantly increased the amount of
information I possess. The vast majority of the nouns that are capable of being
coupled with these suffixes are abstract nouns. This is because these suffixes are
ones that form adjectives. As an additional point of interest, these two antonym
suffixes do not have any nouns in common with one another. This is due to the fact
that I was only able to recognize five nouns from the top 20 most common pairs.
The production of mostly adjectives from abstract nouns is facilitated by these
morphologically classified suffixes, which play a role in the process. Nouns are
less descriptive than their adjective counterparts. When the antonym of a noun is
produced by adding another suffix to the original noun, the form of the morphemes
that make up the noun do not change. This is because the construction of the
antonym follows the same rules as the construction of the original noun.
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References, cites.
https://www.english-corpora.org/coca/
Corpus Linguistics Method, Theory and Practice (Tony McEnery and Andrew
Hardie 2012)
https://scholar.google.com/
