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HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DRINKING WATER
Karshiyeva D.R
Bukhara State Medical Institute
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4850-0074
Abstract. The development of lower norms of mineralization due to the
development of brine irrigation technology has become a period requirement, since
the constant consumption of distilled or less mineralized water leads to a violation
of the water-salt equality in the div, on the basis of which the osmoreceptive field
reactions of the liver lie, as a result of which how much sodium is.
Keywords. Invasions, poisonings, endemic non-toxic diseases, saprophytic
microorganisms.
When providing the population with clean drinking water, it should be
considered to protect it from various infectious diseases spread through the water
and prevent non-infectious poisoning caused by changes in the chemical
composition of water, since the impact of water on the human div can be direct,
this includes infectious diseases, invasions, poisoning, endemic non-toxic diseases.
And the indirect effect is caused by unpleasant sensations when water is consumed,
at some point the condition expands so much that even the population refuses to
consume water. In other words, the negative effects of water come to the surface
under certain conditions, and these conditions include: when there are lambs of
infectious diseases in the water, when they differ in the degree of their chemical
composition, etc.
Violation of the quality and natural condition of the waters can damage
human health due to the fact that the water contains a large amount of infectious
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diseases-mosquito microorganisms, or due to an increase in worm eggs or an
increase in the content of various chemicals in the water, but rather a decrease in
it. The provision of centralized water supply to settlements reduces the incidence
rate while improving the sanitary lifestyle of the population.
Microbial count is said to be the number of microbial colonies that are
detected after 24 hours in a 37 °C thermostat of 1 ml of water planted for
examination of meat peptone Agar. The number of germs indicates that the water
is contaminated with common germs. Depending on the number of colonies, the
quality of the water is determined. In well-equipped artesian wells that are not
contaminated, the colony's amount reaches 300-400 in 10-30 uncontaminated mine
well water and 100 in vodoprovod water. An important condition for
bacteriological assessment of water is the determination of intestinal stick Soin in
water. The absence of an intestinal wand in water is expressed by the size of the
colititr or coli-index.
Colititr it is the minimum amount that a single intestinal wand has in the
water. The lower the colititr, the more polluted the water with the litter. Coli index
1 1 the number of intestinal sticks in water. Research studies show that if the coli
index is reduced to 3 after water neutralization tif, pathogenic microbes that belong
to the paratyphosis group, leptospirosis and tularemia can be said to have
disappeared from the causative agents of morbidity. The colitis or coli-index
indicators are related to the 1880 discovery of the human organism of the intestinal
wand and were introduced into the exercise for insufficient total bacterial
contamination of water.
Natural water contains biological microlements necessary for the life of
humans, animals, various plants. They are involved in important biochemical
processes, which are combined with some substances in the activity of living
organism. The following trace elements are essential for human health: copper,
zinc, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, iron and Macroelements: calcium,
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potassium, sodium, phosphorus. These substances fall into the human div with a
certain amount of water, food products, satisfying the div's need for these
elements. If a person does not meet his needs with the above-mentioned micro and
Macroelements, then various diseases can arise in the div. Because the problems
of influencing the chemical composition of water on the human div have long
been thinking of scientists. It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that for
the first time scientifically substantiated opinions on this yainalish appeared.
In nature, water never occurs in the form of a pure chemical compound.
Since it is considered a Universal solvent, it always stores different amounts of
chemical elements in its composition. The amount of chemicals in the aquatic
environment depends on the conditions of water formation, while the natural
chemical composition of the surface and groundwater is currently also affected by
man-made impurities. From the above, it is known that the chemical composition
of water: natural, man-made, that is, chemical preservative industry will depend on
the wastewater and the human being, as a result of adding reagents to the water in
the process of improving the quality of raw water.
The overall mineralization of water or the effect of the total amount of salts
on the human div is the most widely studied indicator. Dry residue from
organoleptic indicators is installed at 1000 mg/l. Too many days in its composition
salt-retaining waters give a salty or spicy flavor. The main mass of dry residue is
chlorides and sulfates. They also give the water a salty and spicy flavor. Norm: 350
mg/l for chlorides and 500 mg/l for sulfates.
Experiments in experimental animals and volunteers show that highly
mineralized water affects the secretory function of the stomach, disrupting water
salt equality, as a result of which most metabolite and biochemical processes in the
div are disrupted. The amount of water consumed to quench thirst in volunteers
was determined by the degree of mineralization of the water. For example, the
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consumption of 500 mg/1 mineralized water 11 was 2%, 1000 mg/l 49%, 2000
mg/1 13%.
Due to the development of brine purification technology, the development
of lower standards of mineralization has become a period requirement, since the
constant consumption of distilled or less mineralized water leads to a violation of
water-salt equality in the div, on the basis of which the osmoreceptive field
reactions of the liver lie, as a result of which how much sodium is. The results of
the obtained experiment show that the lower indicator of mineralization is 100
mg/l, in this amount the div does not have pathological changes in the process of
homeostasis. The optimal mineralized level of water comes exactly to the range of
200-400 mg/L. In this case, it is imperative that the minimum calcium content of
25 mg/l magnesium is not less than -10 mg/L. When studying the composition of
water, the determination of its hardness has Kata achamite. Because the discharge
of a large amount of salt water into water bodies is caused by the discharge of
poisonous waters in collectors, waste water from industrial enterprises disrupts the
chemical composition of river waters, increasing its rigidity. The hardness of the
water is determined by the amount of calcium and magnesium salts in 1 liter of
water.
In hard water, the soap does not foam well, layers of salt appear in the
container in which the water is boiled, the meat does not cook well. From the
beginning, the hardness of water is known to cause various stone diseases in the
div. Among urologists, even named areas with a rocky region are distinguished.
In the regions, urolithiasis is an endemic disease. Drinking water in these areas is
characterized by high hardness.
In later times, water hardness has been found to be the cause of some heart
disease. Sometimes changes in the hardness of the water content cause vascular
diseases and its hardness is low, but the role of social and economic factors is also
greater in this.
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The widespread use of pesticides, mineral fire dogs, and plant protectors in
the following years is causing many problems. One of these is the high level of
contamination of drinking water with nitrates. The amount of nitrates and nitrites
in the composition of the water of agricultural drinking water sources, the ratio of
which was considered a sanitary indicator of the water of water bodies until a close
period, since they were considered an indicator of the period of contamination of
water bodies with organic matter.
It has been recorded that 2 children were killed by consuming water
containing nitrogen nitrate salt. Children developed bruises after drinking water.
When their blood was tested, it was found that the blood contained high levels of
metgemoglobin, which was caused by the high content of nitrogen nitrate salt in
the well water they consumed. Later diseases from this became the so-called water
nitrate metgemoglobinemia.
This was later confirmed that the appearance of a symptom of toxic-level
bruising in children, especially children of breast age, is often common among
children who are given artificial food. In a mild type of disease, symptoms of
powerlessness, rapid fatigue, discoloration are observed. Normally, nitrates
themselves do not cause metgemoglobin in the blood, in dyspepsia, dysbacteriosis,
which occurs in children, the transfer of nitrogen nitrites to nitrogen nitrates is the
cause.
In doing so, nitrates are pushed into the intestine, increasing the amount of
metgemoglobin in the blood. In later years, nitrosamines became the focus of
hygienists. They are substances that arise from the combination of aliphatic and
aromatic amines with nitrates. These substances are a widely used compound in
industry, which can be found in water bodies and, naturally, in the human div.
Nitrosamines are a very active substance and are carcinogens that cause cancer.
Good water solubility, high stagnation of nitrosamine ensures its entry into
the human div through water. Under normal conditions with drinking water, the
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daily physiological demand of calcium for the div drops by 10-25%. The
accumulation rate of calcium in the bones was 50-67% when the amount of calcium
from the diet was reduced 2-3 times in experiments, which led to a violation of
calcium metabolism in the div. The water has been found to contain about 65
microelements. Such elements can occur in the human div, plant tissues, animal
organs, but they are present in very small quantities.
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