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TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF RESERVOIRS
Ahatov Bekzod
Assistant of Termiz State University of Engineering and Agrotechnologies
+99888 112 96 26
Murodaliyev Rustambek
Student of Termiz State University of Engineering and Agrotechnologies
+998996166489
Adxamjonov Asrorbek
Student of Termiz State University of Engineering and Agrotechnologies
+998915772750
Abstract: Currently, great attention is paid to reservoirs in our country.
Reservoirs will be built in mountainous regions and lowlands. Most of the
reservoirs in the territory of Uzbekistan belong to lowland regions. It should be
said that reservoirs in low plains have a higher amount of sediments in water than
in mountainous regions. In the article, we will think about the same issues, that is,
about the location area and the state of blurry pressure.
Key words: reservoir, spillway, bed, normally damped level, hydroelectric
power station, turbidity, sediments.
Until now, many classifications of reservoirs have been proposed according
to different characteristics. There are more than 60 reservoirs in the Aral Sea basin,
their useful volume is more than 10 million m3. The total volume of all reservoirs
is 64.5 km3, of which 46.5 km3 is the useful volume. The reservoir is a
hydrotechnical facility designed to fill its volume at the expense of the water of
streams and rivers in the winter season and to ensure the delivery of water to the
consumer in the field of public economy and power plant sectors.
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Reservoirs are mainly of two types:
1.
Injected reservoirs
– deliver water to the reservoir through special
channels. In these reservoirs, water is pumped. But if these reservoirs are covered
with mud, it will be completely impossible to clean them, and in order to prevent
this, great importance is attached to the clarity of the water.
2.
Crested reservoirs
– is to block the flow in the reservoir and retain water.
In these reservoirs, all the turbidity in the flow comes and remains in the reservoir.
As a result, turbidity is faster than that of impoured reservoirs.
Filled reservoirs in Uzbekistan are located in Andijan, Bukhara, Jizzakh,
Namangan, Samarkand, Syrdarya, Surkhandarya, Fergana and Kashkadarya
regions. They are listed below (Table 1):
Filled reservoirs in Uzbekistan
№
Name
of
reservoirs
Total
water
volume
Useful
water
volume
Dead
water
volume
Reserv
oir area
Dam
height
million.m3
km2
m
1
Asaka-Adir
3,5
3,5
0,5
0,29
24
2
Quyumozor
320
270
50
18
28,1
3
To‘dako‘l
1150
1010
140
215
11
4
Sho‘rko‘l
170
170
17
42,3
14,5
5
Jizzax
100
87,3
13
12,4
25
6
Qovultepa
53
50
3
3
40
7
Talimarjon
1525
1400
125
77,3
35
8
Qamashi
25
23,8
1,2
3,82
14,9
9
Toshloqsoy
2
1,65
0,35
0,24
32
10
Kosonsoy
165
160
5
8
64
11
Eskiyer
18,5
16
2,5
1,72
23
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12
Ko‘ksereksoy 6,2
5,63
0,565
0,64
12,5
13
Kattaqo‘rg‘on 900
840
60
79,5
31,25
14
Uchqizil
160
80
80
10,5
11,5
15
Degresss
12,75
12,20
0,55
2,25
12,8
16
Oqtepa
120
100
20
11,5
14
17
Karkidon
218,4
211,4
7
9,533
70
18
Qo‘rg‘ontepa
28,6
28,3
0,3
2,81
45
19
Sho‘rsuy
6,2
5,9
0,3
0,62
30
Total
4984,15
4475,7
526,27
499,423
Currently, great attention is paid to reservoirs in our country. Reservoirs will
be built in mountainous regions and lowlands. Most of the reservoirs in the territory
of Uzbekistan belong to lowland regions. It should be said that reservoirs in low
plains have a higher amount of sediments in water than in mountainous regions.
As a result, half the volume of the reservoir 25 – becomes muddy after 50
years, and 50 – completely fails in 100 years. For example, the Qairaqum reservoir
is 4.16 billion. 0.413 billion from m3. m3 volume covered with mud (0.8%), 5.7
billion in Chordarya reservoir in 3 years. 0.10 billion from m3. m3 covered with
mud (0.6%) and so on.
It is used for irrigation of reservoirs and for hydroelectric power station
purposes. The following events occur in this case:
- when used for irrigation, the useful volume of sediments is pushed towards
the dead volume;
- it becomes difficult to grow water-loving plants from the reservoir;
When used in a hydroelectric plant, it is strictly necessary to maintain the
water level at the NSS for the normal operation of the hydroelectric power plant,
and as a result, there is a possibility of an increase in water-loving plants in these
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areas. When considering the issues of reservoir water resources and water balance
and their impact on river flow, classification of the reservoir according to their
origin is used. According to this sign, the 3 most characteristic types of reservoirs
are distinguished:
➢
river reservoirs created in river valleys;
➢
ash reservoirs created by lake water rise;
➢
river reservoirs are the most common reservoirs that occur in connection
with the filling of adapted reservoirs that are specially transported by river water.
A.B.Avakyan, except for those mentioned in his work:
➢
underground; marine reservoirs;
➢
discharge water reservoir can be divided into collectors.
Reservoirs are often classified according to configuration, morphometric
indicators, water exchange characteristics and flow regulation characteristics.
Classification by these symbols is now considered. It is more difficult to classify a
reservoir according to the configuration, because they have very variable shapes
and symbols. In addition, the configuration of the reservoir changes as the water
level in them changes. Depending on the next situation, many proposed
classifications have considered reservoir configuration at Normal Dim level.
Currently, the most detailed is M.A.Fortukatov's classification. In doing so, he
suggests distinguishing between four types of reservoirs:
➢
in the valley; lake-like; reservoir with complex configuration.
Separate types of reservoirs, in turn, are divided into several small groups
according to their shape. V.S.Vuglinsky, in his work, it was proposed to distinguish
three types of reservoirs by configuration:
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➢
The elongated reservoir is characterized by an elongated shape and
corresponds to the condition L> 5B, where; L– reservoir length, V - its average
width;
➢
Round reservoir has a round or elliptical shape under the condition L < 5B;
➢
Complex reservoirs, unlike the previous two types, often have a variable
sign in the plan with separate narrowing and expansion alternating.
Classification of the reservoir according to morphometric characteristics is
presented in the works. The most successful classification of reservoirs by the size
and area of the water surface A.V.Avakyan and Invited by V.A.Sharopov at work.
This classification is based on the analysis of the size of large quantities of earth's
reservoirs and is considered sufficiently detailed (Table 2):
Classification of reservoirs by size
Category
of
reservoirs
Full size, km3
Water
surface
area, km2
The largest
>50
>5000
Very large
50-10
5000-500
Big ones
10-1
500-100
Average
1-0,1
100-20
Not big
0,1-0,01
20-2
Small
<0,01
<2
USED LITERATURE
1.A.M.ARIFJANOV,T.U.APAKHUJAYEVA,S.N.HOSHIMOV,
F.K.BABAJANOV. HYDRAULICS OF RESERVOIRS/TUTORIAL, T-
2023., 192 p.
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2. Ahatov Bekzod, & Kasimov Abdulla. (nd). CONSUMPTION OF WATER
RESOURCES
UNDER
THE
INFLUENCE
OF
NATURAL
AND
ANTHROPOGENIC
FACTORS.OBRAZOVANIYE
NAUKA
I
INNOVASIONNЫYe IDYeI V MIRYe, 55(5), 89-92. Retrieved October 19,
https://scientific-jl.org/index.php/obr/article/view/666
3. B.E.Ahatov. (2024). Causes of vibration in centrifugal pumps. JOURNAL
OF NEW CENTURY INNOVATIONS, 67(4), 124-131.
4. GIDROTEXNIKA INSHOOTLARI TO'G'RISIDA TUSHUNCHA VA
ULARNING TASNIFLANISHI. (2025).
ILMIY TADQIQOTLAR VA ULARNING
YECHIMLARI
JURNALI
,
4
(02),
12-
https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/ituy/article/view/10268
5. Hydrology of reservoirs: study guide/M.R.Ikramova – Tashkent: Baktriya
Press, 2019, 176 pages.
