Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi
48-son_2-to’plam_Iyul -2025
265
ISSN:3030-3621
THE MOST COMMON DANGEROUS TUMOR: CAUSES,
CONSEQUENCES AND PREVENTION
Fayzullaeva Madina Bakhshullo kizi
Tashkent State Medical University
1
, Uzbekistan
Sodiqova Nigoraxon Sodirjon kizi
Tashkent State Medical University
1
, Uzbekistan
Qutbuddinova Rayxona Salohiddin kizi
Tashkent State Medical University
1
, Uzbekistan
Yusupova Shahlo Rustam kizi
Tashkent State Medical University
1
, Uzbekistan
Annotatsiya:
Bugungi kunda dunyo bo’ylab millionlab ayollar ginekologik
o’smalardan aziyat chekishmoqda. Ular orasida inson papilloma virusi orqali paydo
bo’ladigan o’sma – bachadon bo’yni saratoni (cervical cancer) eng keng tarqalgani va
xavflisi hisoblanadi. 2024-yil ma’lumotlari bo’yicha bachadon bo’yni saratoni bilan
kasallangan ayollar 660 000 nafarni tashkil etgan ulardan 350 000 nafari vafot etgan.
Kalit so’zlar
: inson papilloma virusi, bachadon bo’yni saratoni, vaksina,
skrining
Аннотация:
В настоящее время миллионы женщин по всему миру
страдают от гинекологических опухолей. Среди них наиболее распространённой
и опасной считается рак шейки матки (cervical cancer), развивающийся в
результате инфицирования вирусом папилломы человека (ВПЧ). По данным за
2024 год, число женщин, заболевших раком шейки матки, составило 660 000
человек, из которых 350 000 умерли.
Ключевые слова:
вирус папилломы человека, рак шейки матки, вакцина,
скрининг
Annotation:
Currently, millions of women around the world suffer from
gynecological tumors. Among them, cervical cancer—caused by the human
papillomavirus (HPV)—is considered the most widespread and dangerous. According
to 2024 data, 660,000 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 350,000 of
them died from the disease.
Keywords:
human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, vaccine, screening
Introduction
Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi
48-son_2-to’plam_Iyul -2025
266
ISSN:3030-3621
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women. The vast
majority of these cancers are caused by infections with high-risk types of human
papillomavirus (Cohen et al. 2019). Other factors that may increase the risk of cervical
cancer include, for example, disruption of the cervicovaginal microbiota. However, in
terms of the neurobiology of cancer, a significant factor is the neuroendocrine stress
response, which may potentiate the development and progression of this cancer (Chen
et al. 2021). Meanwhile, several stressors, such as bereavement (loss of a parent,
partner, or child), have been identified that may increase the risk of cervical cancer
associated with HPV infection by increasing susceptibility to HPV infection. In the
case of cervical cancer, behavioral stress responses may also play a role, for example,
related to promiscuous behavior (Kennedy et al. 2014).
Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor of the lower part of the uterus (the cervix)
and ranks among the most prevalent and deadly gynecologic cancers globally. The
primary cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with oncogenic types of human
papillomavirus (HPV). While it is a slow-progressing disease, the lack of early
symptoms often results in late diagnosis and decreased survival rates. The most
significant factor behind cervical cancer is infection with high-risk HPV types,
particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18. Other contributing risk factors include:
• A weakened immune system (due to HIV, chronic illnesses, or
immunosuppressive drugs)
• Early sexual activity and having multiple sexual partners
• Smoking, which accelerates genetic mutations in cervical tissue
• Lack of hygiene, poor health education, and inaccessibility to routine
screenings
• Not receiving the HPV vaccine
Cervical cancer
ages
Abc out of 100
Percentage out of
100.0
20-34 y.o
29
29.0
35-44 y.o
23
23.0
45-59 y.o
48
48.0
Total
100
100.0
Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi
48-son_2-to’plam_Iyul -2025
267
ISSN:3030-3621
In its early stages, cervical cancer is asymptomatic. This makes regular screening
critical. As the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
• Abnormal vaginal bleeding (especially after intercourse)
• Pelvic pain or pain during sex
• Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
• Fatigue, weight loss, and in advanced cases, metastasis to other organs
Persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) accounts for
nearly 95% of cervical cancer cases. Specifically, HPV16 and 18 collectively
contribute to about 70% of cases. A multistep carcinogenesis model outlines the
progression from HPV infection to precancerous stages and eventual invasion leading
to cancer. A minority of cases, primarily adenocarcinomas, develop through HPV-
independent mechanisms, carrying significant implications. Preventive measures such
as HPV vaccination, coupled with screening and treatment of precancerous lesions,
offer effective strategies in preventing cervical cancer.
There are you can see classification of cervical cancer
*LSIL-low grade Squamos Intraepithelial lesion
*HSIL-hig grade Squamos Intraepithelial lesion
There are several types of standard treatment techniques for patients with
cervical cancer, i.e. surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and
immunotherapy
[16]
. The definition of radiation therapy is the use of high-energy X-
rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing. Cancer
treatment for cervical cancer and other cancers that use drugs to stop the growth of
cancer cells by either stopping the cells from dividing or killing which is referred to as
Chemotherapy. It can be taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle.
Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi
48-son_2-to’plam_Iyul -2025
268
ISSN:3030-3621
The use of drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells
without harming healthy cells is known as targeted therapy. A treatment that uses
substances to stimulate or suppress the patient’s immune system to fight cancer,
infections, and other diseases is known as Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is also
known as biotherapy or biologic therapy. The drug for immunotherapy can be made in
a laboratory or by the div and used to boost, direct, or restore the div’s natural
defenses against cancer. However, these treatments can be quite costly and present a
considerable financial burden to women of color who maybe the primary caretaker of
their families, thus contributing to higher mortality rate among these women.
Stages of cervical cancer
There are four stages of cervical cancer, which are Carcinoma
in situ
(Stage 0),
Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV. Carcinoma
in situ
(Stage 0) abnormal cells
are found in this stage in the inner lining of the cervix. Stage I cancer is only found in
the cervix. Stage I is divided into stages IA and IB depending on the amount of cancer
found. Stage IA consists of a minimal amount of cancer, which is located in the tissues
of the cervix and can only be seen with a microscope. Stage II cancer spreads beyond
the cervix but not into the pelvic wall or to the lower part of the vagina.
Stage III cancer spreads to the lower third of the vagina and/or onto the pelvic
wall. Stage IV is divided into two stages IVA and IVB, which is based on where cancer
has spread. During stage IVA, cancer has spread to nearby organs such as the bladder
or rectum. Stage IVB is when cancer has spread to other parts of the div, such as the
liver, lung, intestine, bone, or lymph nodes. Cervical cancer can recur after it has been
treated and possibly come back in the cervix or other parts of the div.
References
1.
Collins Y, Holcomb K, Chapman-Davis E, et al. (2014) Gynecologic cancer
disparities: A report from the health disparities taskforce of the society of
gynecologic oncology. Gynecol Oncol 133: 353- 361.
2.
(2019) USCS Data Visualizations. Gis.cdc.gov.
3.
Livingston J, Smith N, Hamilton N, et al. (2013) A case for university teaching and
engagement: A culturally relevant intervention to educate young african-american
women about breast cancer. World Medical & Health Policy 5: 96-110.
4.
(2020) Cervical cancer. Who.int.
5.
(2018) NIH Fact Sheets - Cervical Cancer. Report.nih.gov.
6.
Arvizo C, Mahdi H (2017) Disparities in cervical cancer in African American
women
:
What primary care physicians can do. Cleve Clin J Med 84: 788-794.
