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LEXICAL-SEMANTIC PROPERTIES OF HEMATOLOGICAL TERMS IN
MEDICINE
Ergashova Iroda
Termez Economics service University foreign
language and literature, master of English
at Stage 1 and teacher of English at
school 43 of the Oltinsoy district
Abstract:
In the field of Medicine, hematological Terms form an interesting and
complex material for studying the lexical-semantic edges of linguistics. Hematology is
the field of medicine that studies blood and its composition, blood diseases, their
diagnosis and treatment, and the terminology in this area has clear, systematic and
specific lexical-semantic properties. Lexical-semantic analysis of hematological terms
on the example of English and Uzbek languages shows the integration of language and
medical science, and also allows you to identify terminological connections and
differences between the two languages.
Keywords:
medicine, linguistics, hematological terms, terminology, English,
Uzbek, dictionary, meaning.
The study of the lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms requires first
of all to determine their specificity as a lexical unit, semantic layers and scope of
contextual use. Each term takes its place in medical discourse through its specific
meaning, function within the field, and association with other terms. For example, the
term" erythrocyte " means a red blood cell that carries oxygen in the blood, and its
semantic field is clearly defined. The English word" erythrocyte " also means exactly
that, but differs in language structure and morphological construction. When
comparing the lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms in English and
Uzbek languages, their morphological composition, semantic accuracy and contextual
use of terms are important. Medical terms in English are often derived from Latin and
Greek, many of which are expressed in the form of complex vocabulary. For example,
terms such as" hemoglobin "or" leucocyte " are made up of several morphemes, and
each means a specific meaning. In Uzbek, however, while most of the hematological
terms are accepted as introductory words, many of them are adapted to the
morphological and phonetic laws of the Uzbek language. For example, the word"
hemoglobin " is used in a form adapted to the Uzbek language, but the pronunciation
and spelling may differ from English.
Semantically, hematological terms have a clear and strictly defined meaning that
prevents them from being misunderstood in medical speech. Each term is strictly used
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in its clinical and laboratory context. For example, the term" anemia " refers to a state
of insufficient blood red blood cells, and the meaning is the same for both languages.
However, within the framework of the semantic field, the word "anemia" in English is
used in more comprehensive medical literature, while in Uzbek the scope of its use is
more prominent in practical medicine and communication with patients. Contextual
aspects also play an important role in the lexical-semantic properties of terms.
Hematological terms are used differently in clinical, laboratory, scientific and
educational contexts. For example, the term" platelet " is associated with clotting of
blood in laboratory data, and in the clinical context it is indicated that it is associated
with diseases. In Uzbek, however, the word" platelet " is used in similar contexts, but
in some cases its meaning can be expressed in an expanded or abbreviated form. When
analyzing the lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms in English and Uzbek
languages, their synonyms, antonyms and Inter-term connections are also studied. For
example," leukocyte "and" white blood cell "are used as synonyms in English, while
in Uzbek, the words" leukocyte "and" white blood cell " give a similar meaning. Such
synonymy indicates the lexical richness of language and enriches Medical
Communication. At the same time, antonyms also have an important place in medical
terminology, for example, the terms "anemia" and "polycythemia" represent opposite
conditions in terms of the amount of blood cells.[1]
Morphological changes and derivations of terms are also important in the
lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms. In English, many hematological
terms are formed using prefixes and suffixes, which help to clearly define their
meaning. For example, the prefix" hypo - "denotes decrease, and" hyper - " denotes
increase. In Uzbek, however, these prefixes have survived as more introductory words,
but their use is less systematic than in English.[2]
This reflects the stages of development of medical terminology in Uzbek. In the
lexical-semantic analysis of terms, their use in phraseological compounds is also
overlooked. Hematological terms are often found in complex medical phrases and
phrases, such as "blood hematocrit", "leukopenia rate". In English, however, there are
phrases such as "blood hematocrit", "degree of leukopenia". These phraseological units
increase the semantic accuracy of terms and provide clear communication in medical
speech. When studying the lexical-semantic properties of hematological terms, their
pragmatic aspects are also taken into account. Terms not only carry meaning, but also
adapt to the social and cultural context in medical communication. In English, medical
terminology is widely used in the global medical community, while in Uzbek, their use
is more formed within the framework of national medical culture and language policy.
This affects the lexical-semantic properties of terms.[3]
Conclusion:
In conclusion, in medicine, the lexical-semantic properties of
hematological terms are manifested in their own way in two languages – English and
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Uzbek. Their morphological, semantic and contextual aspects ensure that medical
speech is clear and effective. While English terms are more based on Latin-Greek roots,
Uzbek terminology is formed by adapting these terms to the phonetic and
morphological laws of their language. This process serves to improve the effectiveness
of medical communication between the two languages. Lexical-semantic analysis of
hematological terms is important for the development of new approaches in medical
linguistics, ensuring the integrity of terminology in medical education and practice. At
the same time, this analysis serves to strengthen cultural and scientific ties between the
two languages, to promote terminological integration in the field of Medicine.
References:
1.
Akhmedov, S. (2021). "Lexical-semantic analysis of hematological terms in
Uzbek". Journal of medical linguistics, 5(2), 45-58.
2.
Islamova, M. (2022). "Morphological and semantic identities of medical terms in
Uzbek and English". Linguistics and medicine, 3(1), 12-27.
3.
Kadyrov, N. (2023). "Lexical-semantic aspects of terminology in the field of
Hematology". Scientific work of the Academy of Medicine of Uzbekistan, 7(4),
101-115.
4.
Yoldashev, A. (2020). "Comparative analysis of English and Uzbek terminology in
medicine". Medicine and language, 4(3), 33-47.
5.
Rasulova, D. (2021). "Contextual and pragmatic properties of hematological
terms". Uzbek language and medicine, 6(2), 59-72.
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Uzbek". Medical linguistics, 8 (1), 88-99.
7.
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terminology". Language and communication in medicine, 5(2), 40-54.
8.
Mirzaev, J. (2020). "Morphological derivation of hematological terms in Uzbek".
Linguistics of scientific medicine, 2(1), 22-35.
