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FORMATION OF SMALL BUSINESS STRATEGIC ZONES IN THE
REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KHOREZM REGION)
Karimova Madina Maxsud qizi
Ma'mun University senior lecturer
Annotiation:
This article analyzes the foreign experiences of forming strategic
zones for the development of small businesses in the region and the possibilities of
applying these methods in Uzbekistan's context. Key aspects such as financial
incentives, tax privileges, and innovative financial mechanisms provided by the state
to promote small business development are highlighted. The article also discusses
measures and methods aimed at supporting small businesses, creating regional strategic
zones, and fostering economic stability. Practical suggestions are provided based on
the analysis of foreign practices and Uzbekistan’s economic potential, focusing on
innovative development and sustainability.
Keywords:
Small business, strategic zones, tax policy, innovative development,
financial incentives, Uzbekistan, foreign experience, economic potential, state
support, startups, technoparks.
Introduction
In the context of today's globalization and economic integration, small business
and private entrepreneurship (SBvaPE) are becoming the backbone of national
economies. The experience of developed countries shows that the development of PE
activities at the regional level on the basis of strategic zones is becoming an important
factor in economic growth. From this point of view, in the conditions of Uzbekistan,
the development of the SB on an innovative basis, the use of foreign experiences in
harmony with local opportunities will be of urgent importance
Literature studies
Entrepreneurship in its current meaning was first used by the economist R.
Cantilon.[1] After various stages of stratification of human society, political upheavals,
and changes in economic balance, entrepreneurship, as an activity with a positive legal
content, acquired an important concept and new content for today. The connection of
entrepreneurial activity with the concept of risk was introduced by the English
economist A. Smith [2]. As a result, serious views on the personality of an entrepreneur
have increased. Against the background of market relations, the entrepreneur began to
acquire the status of an innovator. Smith views D. Ricardo[3]was developed in
research.
Methodology and results
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The type of entrepreneurial activity that can have the greatest impact on the
lifestyle of the population is small business and private entrepreneurship (SBPE), as
indicated in the sources[4] It is recognized that the widespread implementation of
innovations in the activities of SB and PE has led to a further increase in the level of
this impact. The term small business and private entrepreneurship is subject to several
invariants. In addition, there is no single definition of it. In our opinion, the reason for
this is that the descriptive parameters of small business in different countries differ
from each other and are associated with new elements of development entering the
economic space.
In the experience of foreign countries, quantitative methods of determining the
status of small and medium-sized enterprises are widely used. This includes not only
the number of employees, but also indicators such as the turnover of enterprises, the
amount of assets. In particular, in European countries such as France, Germany, the
Netherlands, and Italy, enterprises with 10 to 50 employees are considered small
business entities, while in the USA, quantitative criteria for small and medium-sized
enterprises are determined based on the number of employees of enterprises by industry
in the range of 500-1500, and in Japan in the range of 50-300.[5]
Criteria for defining small, medium-sized and micro enterprises in the
European Union[6]
Table1
Principle
Micro
Small
Medium
Maximum number
of workers
<
10
<
50
<
250
Maximum annual
turnover
≤
2 mln.
evro
≤
10
mln.
evro
≤
50
mln.
evro
Maximum balance
amount
≤
2 mln.
evro
≤
10
mln.
evro
≤
43
mln.
evro
Independence
Unimportant
No more than 25 percent
of the capital or voting shares
are owned by one or more non-
small enterprises
In our country, along with the CIS countries, quantitative criteria are also used
to determine the status of SBIn this case, only the number of employees of the
enterprise is taken as the main criterion. According to it, the quantitative criterion for
SB entities by the number of employees is set at the highest level in manufacturing
industries and sectors, up to 200 people. The smallest number is 5 people in the trade
system, as well as in entities providing public catering services.
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Classification of SME entities Table 2
Davlatlar
Micro
Small
Medium
Large
Number
of
employees
Annual
income
Number
of
employee
s
Annual
income
Number of
employees
Annual
income
Number of
employees
Annual
income
USA
10
500 000
$
10
-
500
0.5mln$-
10mln$
500-
1000
11mln$
-1mlrd$
1000+
1mlrd$+
Germany
10
350
000€
11-50
350 000€
-6mln€
51-250
7mln€ -
20 mln€
250+
21 mln€
China
20
500 000
$
20-100
0.5 mln$-
30mln$
101-
300
31mln$
-
400mln
$
300+
400mln$
+
Kazakhstan
15
30 000
tenge
100
31000-
300 000
tenge
101-
250
301 000
-3mln
tenge
250+
3mln
tenge+
Uzbekistan
1
To 1 billion soum
1billion-10billion
soum
10billion-
100billion soum
100 billion soum+
Summary
In our interpretation, small business is an activity based on the principle of owner-
employee-owner management, actively economically innovative in a legal and
regulatory environment, aimed at the material and intangible interests of ownership
entities, with a level of risk limited by the criterion of preserving the nature of renewal.
In our opinion, it would be advisable to widely introduce the principles of regional
development to increase the effectiveness of reforms. In most cases, this is due to the
fact that regional development is associated with the specialization factor, and legal
factors represent only one side of this issue. The main reason is that the socio-economic
potential of the regions of the Republic differs from each other, which is due to the
costs of resource provision, the importance of social consciousness in production, the
psychology of labor and production in the region, the area of economic activity of the
working-age population, the attractiveness of the regional infrastructure for
ma’muriyatchiligini yanada takomillashtirish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida
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investment, as well as the differences in the level of development of the economic
sector.
List of literature
1.
Titova N.E. History of economic scientists: Course of lectures. —M.: Humanit. ed.
center VLADOS, 1997. — 288 p.
2.
Smith A. Research on the nature and causes of the wealth of peoples. AST. – 2021.
More on livelib.ru: https://www.livelib.ru/author/149932/top-adam-smit
3.
Ricardo D. Nachala politicheskoy ekonomii i nalogovogo oblozheniya. Izbrannoe
(collection).
Exmo.
-
2007.Подробнее
na
livelib.ru:
https://www.livelib.ru/author/192635/top-david-ricardo
4.
[ Wang J. et al. Nationalization of private enterprises and default risk: Evidence
from mixed-ownership reform in China. Economic Analysis and Policy 76 (2022)
534–553 / https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.09.005; Tykkyläinen S. and Ritala P.
Business model innovation in social enterprises: An activity system perspective.
Journal
of
Business
Research
125
(2021)
684–697
/
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.045 ]
5.
Eshov M.P. Development of small business and private entrepreneurship in
Uzbekistan: factors, results and prospects. Monograph. - T.. "Manaviyat", 2017. -
80 p.]
