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Temirbeton ko’priklarning gidroziolyatsiyasi va undagi nuqsonlar
Barotov Ashurali Ixtiyor o‘g‘li
,
(Toshkent davlat transport universiteti)
Annotatsiya:
Ushbu maqolada temirbeton kо‘priklarda gidroizolyasiyaning
ahamiyati haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan va tahlil natijalari keltirilgan.
Annotation:
This article provides information on the importance of
waterproofing in reinforced concrete bridges and presents the results of the
analysis.
Kalit so‘zlar:
kо‘prik; konstruksiya; gidroizolyasiya;
izolyasiya; darz.
Keywords:
bridge; construction; waterproofing; insulation; crack.
Temirbeton ko‘priklar elementlarining uzoqqa chidamliligini ta’minlash
uchun, ularning konstruksiyasi betonga suv kirishidan himoyalangan bo‘lishi lozim.
Suvning betonga davomli ta’siri ohakning erishi va yuvilishiga olib keladi. Bu esa
o‘z navbatida beton mustahkamligini pasaytiradi va uning asta-sekin yemirilishiga
olib keladi (1-rasm). Bu jarayon ayniqsa navbatma-navbat muzlab – erishda tez
kuzatiladi [1].
1-rasm. Temirbeton kо‘prik konstruktiv elementlarining yemirilishi
Betonni suv ta’siridan himoyalash uchun u gidroizolyasiya bilan qoplanadi.
Gidroizolyasiya ballast koritasi plitasi yuzasiga qilinadi (2-rasm). Suvning oqishi
uchun plita yuzasiga qiyalik beriladi. Izolyasiyaning chetlari bortlarning maxsus
chuqurchalariga mahkamlanadi [2-5].
Ballast koritasining gidroizolyasiyasi butun izolyasiya qilingan yuza bo‘yicha
suv o‘tkazmaydigan bo‘lishi, suvga, biologik va kimyoviy ta’sirlarga bardoshli
bo‘lishi, issiq-sovuqqa bardoshli bo‘lishi, vaqt davomida va hisobiy haroratlar
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intervalida elastikligini yo‘qotmasligi, betonning izolyasiya qilingan yuzasida ruxsat
etilgan darzlar paydo bo‘lganida yaxlitligini saqlashi kerak [6-8,16].
2-rasm. Ballast koritasining gidroizolyasiyasi ko‘ndalang kesimi
Ballast koritasining izolyasiyasi quyidagi talablarni bajarishi shart:
Gidroizolyasiya
sement-qum qorishmasi yoki mayda donali betondan iborat
bo‘lgan tayyorlov (tekislov) qatlami ustiga surtiladi [1, 9]. Gidroizolyasiyani
yotqizishdan oldin tayyorlov qatlami gruntovka bilan qoplanadi (3-rasm).
Qurilish hududining klimatik sharoitlariga bog‘liq holda gidroizolyasiyaning
turli tiplari qo‘llaniladi. Bitum mastikali BM–1 indeksli gidroizolyasiya barcha
klimatik zonalarda qo‘llanilishi mumkin [10,11]. Bu gidroizolyasiya qaynoq holda
surtiladigan to‘rt qatlam bitum mastikasidan va uch qatlam shishamato yoki lyon –
jut-kanop matosidan iborat.
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3-rasm. Kо‘prik polotnosida gidroizolyatsiyani yotqizilish jarayonlari
Bitum mastikasining oxirgi (tekislovchi) qatlami ustiga
sement – qum
qorishmasi yoki mayda donali betondan iborat himoya qatlami yotqiziladi. Bu
qatlam diametri 2÷4mm, yacheyka o‘lchamlari 45÷75mm bo‘lgan simdan
tayyorlangan setka bilan armaturalanadi [12-15]. Himoya qatlamining tayyor
bo‘lgan yuzasiga bitum gruntovkasi surtiladi.
Izol rulonli gidroizolyasiya (indeksi IR) yumshoq iqlimli hududlarda
qo‘llaniladi. Bu izolyasiya asosiy bo‘lmagan rulonli izol va sovuq izol mastikadan
iborat [21, 22]. Izol mastikaning ichida armaturalangan qatlam bo‘ladi va u rulon
qatlamlari orasiga yopishtiriladi (4,
b
-rasm).
a)
b)
4-rasm. Izolyasiya qilishning variantlari: a) – bitum mastika (BM–1);
b) – rulonli izolyasiya (IR); 1 – himoya qatlami; 2 – bitumli gruntovka;
3 – bitumli mastika; 4 – armaturalovchi material; 5 – izolli gruntovka;
6 – rulonli izol; 7 – izolli mastika
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Suv ballast koritasidan plitaning chetlarida joylashgan suv qochiruvchi
quvurchalar (4, a-rasm) orqali tushirib yuboriladi. Diametri eng kamida 15sm
bo‘lgan quvurchalar cho‘yandan tayyorlanadi va uning qadami (bir-biridan uzoqligi)
suv to‘planadigan yuzaning 1m
2
ga quvurchaning 5sm
2
to‘g‘ri kelishi hisobidan
olinadi [17-19]. Quvurchalar teshiklari bo‘lgan cho‘yan qopqoqlar bilan berkitib
qo‘yiladi.
Xulosa qilib shuni aytish mumkinki, temirbeton koʻpriklarning eng koʻp
takrorlanadigan nuqsonlari va kamchiliklari quyidagilardir: koʻprikning osti
gabaritining oʻlchami yetarli darajada emasligi, koʻprik polotnosi va deformatsion
choklardagi yoriqlar, hamda gidroizolyatsiyaning talab darajasida emasligi. Buning
oqibatida koʻprikning asosiy konstruksiyalarini yuk koʻtaruvchanligi pasaytiradi
hamda konstruksiyaning uzoq ishlashini kamaytirishga olib kelishi mumkin.
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