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CIVIL SOCIETY IN NEW UZBEKISTAN: OPPORTUNITIES AND NEW
PERSPECTIVES
Auyezov Rufat Polatovich
Assistant teacher of the Faculty of Agriculture Mechanization and Water Management.
Department of Humanities Institute of Agricultural Technologies of Karakalpakistan
Abstract
The article analyzes specific trends of the ongoing reforms and transformations in
Uzbekistan, implementation of the tasks indicated in The Strategy for Actions on the
development of Uzbekistan in 2017-2024, in the context of development and liberalization
of the economy. Thus, the article investigates practical measures to implement these tasks,
changes in approaches towards the interaction of the state, population, business
community, etc.
Keywords:
Strategy, reforms, economy, folks, Uzbekistan, new, experts, priority,
development, change.
Wide-ranging reforms and changes in Uzbekistan are characterized by sequence
and productivity. It is important to adapt these transformations to global changes,
including in the context of the world economy. The chosen path of development has
proved its stability and viability in terms of post-crisis situation in the world economy, the
slow-down of its development rates, which indicates its strategic justification. Experts
argue that the macroeconomic stability in Uzbekistan provides an opportunity to resist
external negative manifestations and achieve the forecasted growth rates of economy.
At present, Uzbekistan is actively implementing the tasks identified in the Action
Strategy for the five priority areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2024 (the
Strategy of Action hereunder). The Strategy of Action is a fundamental document that
defines a completely new milestone in the development of modern Uzbekistan. The scope
of the tasks indicates that Uzbekistan has reached a new level of development. As the
experts note, the adoption of this document demonstrates a great step forward, and
Uzbekistan has been consistently and confidently creating a solid foundation for reaching
this goal.
For reference: The Action Strategy for the five priority areas of the Republic of
Uzbekistan in 2017-2024 was approved in February 7, 2017 by the Decree of President of
the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirziyoyev. The strategy involves the following directions
of development of the country in the next 5 years: 1) improvement of state and social
construction; 2) ensuring the rule of law and reforming the judicial system; 3) the
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development and liberalization of the economy; 4) the development of social sphere; 5)
security, inter-ethnic harmony and religious tolerance, implementation of balanced,
mutually beneficial and constructive foreign policy. The tasks outlined in the Action
Strategy will be implemented in five phases, each of which provides for the approval of a
separate annual state program for its implementation in accordance with the declaration
of a year.
Modern information and communication technologies (ICT) have brought the state-
society interaction to a qualitatively new level. They have become a part of life that
promotes the progress. The development of high technologies has a positively impact on
the improvement of the organizational feedback mechanisms of the state and society, as
well as state bodies and citizens.
In this context, it is worth noting the activity of the virtual reception of the President
of the Republic of Uzbekistan - as one of the effective ways to establish a dialogue with
the people. The virtual reception of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan serves as
an indicator of the effectiveness of state bodies and local authorities, a mechanism for
deep analysis of appeals and their in-site implementation.
During a short period of time, the virtual reception of the Head of State has become
an effective tool for resolving issues concerning the people. Thus, the virtual reception of
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan received 1 071 827 complaints from citizens,
1 013 682 of which (94%) have been considered. The principle of the responsibility of
state bodies and officials before the society is consistently being carried out. Moreover,
citizens feel ownership of the reform agenda, which contributes to the strengthening of
mutual trust in state-people relationship and serves as a factor for stable society and
dynamic development. Experts address the formation process of proactive thinking among
the population, which is a key factor in realizing the tasks set by the state.
One of the priority areas of the Action Strategy is the development and
liberalization of the economy, which provides for further strengthening of macroeconomic
stability and maintaining high economic growth rates, increasing its competitiveness,
modernization and intensive development of agriculture, the continuation of institutional
and structural reforms to reduce the state's presence in the economy, further consolidation
and increase of protection of the rights and the major role of private property, stimulating
the development of small business and private entrepreneurship, comprehensive and
balanced socio-economic development of regions, districts and cities, active attraction of
foreign investments in the sectors of the economy by improving the investment climate.
In this regard, it is note worthy that the leadership of our country has proposed a positive
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economic agenda, which implies diversification of the economy and structural
reorganization of agriculture, as well as expansion of foreign economic relations.
Moreover, Uzbek government is taking measures to develop a creative economy based on
innovative development and increasing economic growth in order to fully implement the
tasks set in this direction.
The main idea of the creative economy is to establish new industries and products
(both goods and services) that would provide not only opportunities for an increase the
volume of export, but also a creation of new high-quality jobs. The creative economy also
encourages increased citizen engagement in development of new products and services
through startups (new business projects, original ideas and models), new types of
entrepreneurship, cooperation between research institutions, universities and industrial
enterprises.
Startups are actively being implemented and are popular with the youth in
Uzbekistan. In particular the "Youth startup initiatives support program" was launched, in
which thousands of students from all universities of Uzbekistan took an active part. The
scope of the project is wide, it embraces the areas, such as e-commerce, education,
communication and navigation technologies, transport and road infrastructure, as well as
medicine and biotechnology.
The President Sh.Mirziyoyev has adopted over 20 laws and regulations, relevant
additions and amendments were made to corresponding legislative acts, provided the
conditions necessary for supporting business entities. In particular, the Head of State
initiated the establishment of the “Guarantee Fund for small business development” and
the “Institute of the Commissioner for Protection of Rights and Legal Interests of Business
Entities”, etc. Experts state that Uzbek approach to the implementation of economic policy
has changed, which is now aimed primarily at increasing the economic activity of the
population and creating a favorable business environment. The government focuses on
attracting foreign investment to create and expand high-tech and innovative productions.
The establishment of free economic zones (FEZ) aims at fostering favorable conditions
for greater inflows of foreign investment, increase of production of export-oriented
products in the regions. For a short period of time, 11 FEZs were created in the Republic
of Karakalpakstan, Samarkand, Bukhara, Ferghana, Khorezm, Jizzakh, Namangan,
Syrdarya, Surkhandarya and Tashkent regions. This trend indicates the expanding
geographical scope of production capacity and resource potential of the regions.
Today the development of entrepreneurship (primarily small business and private
entrepreneurship) is the most powerful driver of sustained economic growth in
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Uzbekistan. In 2016, the share of small businesses in GDP was 56.9%, in industry –
38.9%, in retail turnover – 87.1%, in fee-based services – 50.8% and in employment –
77.9%.
It is known that the development of any society determines the div of intellectual
abilities, health, knowledge, labor productivity and high quality of life, i.е. human capital.
In the modern world, human capital is the main driver of the creative economy, as well as
technological progress. According to the UN’s 2016 Human Development Report,
Uzbekistan belongs to a group with a high level of human development.
In this regard, experts draw attention to the fact that the formation of the creative
class has intensified in Uzbekistan, which will become the mainstay of the economy. In
particular, technology innovation zones are to be established which will specialize in
fundamental research, experimental-industrial tests and examples of innovative product
development in various fields. For example, in the fields of chemical technology,
pharmaceuticals and medical biotechnology, building materials, food industry, energy
saving, alternative and renewable energy sources, mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering, etc.
It is known that the notion of the state is conveyed to the audience in two ways: by
creating a "brand" of the country and promoting national goods and services herewith.
According to experts, successful branding includes the development of six interrelated
spheres (the so-called “hexagon”) of the economy: the development of tourism, to enhance
of export potential, the activation of foreign and domestic policy, the attraction of
investments, the promotion of culture, and the welfare of the people. In this context, it
should be noted that Uzbekistan has a huge reserve of opportunities to promote the
national brand in the world market. In particular, there is a rich cultural heritage, a stable
development of the country, hospitable people, contemporary infrastructure of cities, etc.
The partnership between the state, business community and society is necessary for
creating a national brand. At the same time, the largest portion of brand financing is
assigned to the business community that is interested in foreign investments and the
promotion of goods and services in world markets. Successful brand of the state allows
not only improve the internal and international image of the country, but also raise the
level of political influence in the international arena, increase the volume of export of
promoted goods and services, strengthen international ties and partnerships, stimulate a
sense of national identity and improve the competitiveness of the country.
Uzbekistan, being one of the cradles of the world civilization, has long served as a
bridge between East and West, uniting the cultural and scientific wealth of humanity. The
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Uzbek land is home to the greatest scientists and philosophers such as Al-Khwarizmi, Al-
Beruni, Ibn Sino, Mirzo Ulugbek and others, who made an invaluable contribution to the
development of science and culture. According to experts, over a long historical period
people who lived in Uzbekistan were not only good traders who knew how to manage the
economy and handle money, but also cultivated the prestige of science and knowledge.
Currently, the products of Uzbekistan are exported under the brand "Made in Uzbekistan".
The geography of exports has been steadily expanding. Actively working on
opening trading houses in a number of countries, such as Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Oman
etc. In this context it is worth noting the intensification of the development of trade
relations with Afghanistan, which is not considered as "source of threats" but as a source
of opportunities.. The country's international image is largely determined by the qualities
of its leader as a conductor of all transformations. Today the President of the Republic of
Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoev is a vivid example of the country's branding process, being "an
advanced person in the field of ICT", "open to dialogue on the most pressing problems of
a regional and international nature".
An important role in this direction is played by assessments, ratings and indices of
authoritative international institutions. Thus, according to the World Bank report Doing
Business 2017: assessing the quality and effectiveness of regulation, Uzbekistan ranks 87
among 190 countries. The World Bank in 2016 included Uzbekistan in the top 10
countries in the world, which carried out important reforms in the sphere of business
activity. According to the results of researches Focus Economics, Uzbekistan took the 7th
place in the world among 127 countries in terms of GDP growth rate in 2016. In the Gallup
2016 Emotions Report (USA), Uzbek people were among the three most optimistic and
positive people on the planet. In general, the presence of a strong national brand ultimately
contributes to an increase in the international rating and political influence, investor
confidence, the growth of exports of domestic goods, tourism development, the
strengthening the internal social stability, and the improvement of the quality of life of the
population.
Also, systematic work was carried out to ensure human rights, strengthen the
accountability and openness of state bodies, and increase the role of civil society
institutions, mass media, and the political activity of the population and public
associations.
In terms of reforming the national economy, effective measures have been taken to
liberalize foreign trade, tax and financial policy, support entrepreneurship and guarantee
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the inviolability of private property, organize deep processing of agricultural products,
and ensure rapid development of regions.
Enhancing the social protection of citizens and reducing poverty was defined as the
priority of the state policy, providing the population with new jobs and a guaranteed
source of income, qualified medical and educational services, and decent living conditions
was raised to a new level in terms of quality.
As a result of the last five years of reforms, the necessary political-legal, socio-
economic and scientific-educational foundations for the establishment of New Uzbekistan
were created in our country.
In the following years, based on the principle of "For human dignity", reforms
aimed at further increasing the well-being of our people, transforming the economic
sectors and rapidly developing entrepreneurship, unconditionally ensuring human rights
and interests, and forming an active civil society, based on the in-depth analysis of
complex global processes and the results of the development of our country in order to
determine the priorities:
1. The development strategy of New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 (hereinafter referred
to as the "Development Strategy") consists of the following seven priority directions,
developed on the basis of the principle "From the strategy of actions to the strategy of
development" as a result of a broad public discussion, and it is called the "Year of
glorifying human value and active neighborhood" state program
confirm:
-building a people-friendly state by increasing human dignity and further
developing a free civil society;
-making the principles of justice and the rule of law the most basic and necessary
condition for development in our country;
-rapid development of the national economy and ensuring high growth rates;
-conducting a fair social policy, developing human capital;
-ensuring spiritual development and bringing the industry to a new level;
-approach universal problems based on national interests;
-strengthening the security and defense potential of our country, conducting an
open, pragmatic and active foreign policy.
2. Within the framework of the tasks defined by the social protection policy aimed
at glorifying human dignity in the development strategy:
a) Until 2026, the needy population should be fully covered with social benefits and
financial assistance.
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The Ministry of Finance (T. Ishmetov), the Ministry of Economic Development and
Poverty Alleviation (S. Kholhojaev), the Ministry of Neighborhood and Family Support
(R. Mamatov) and the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations (N. Khusanov)
together with the following three-month period submit the draft national strategy for social
protection of the population to the Cabinet of Ministers:
-implementation of a unified state policy in the field of social protection;
-creation of a social insurance system, including establishment of a social insurance
fund;
-provision of social assistance and services to low-income families based on a social
contract;
Creation of a separate database on women in need of assistance, youth and persons
with disabilities in the information system of the "Unified Register of Social Protection",
including the integration of the "Iron Register", "Youth Register" and "Women's Register"
with the "Unified Register of Social Protection";
b) In the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Khorezm region, provide free meals
(breakfast or lunch) to first-fourth grade students at the expense of the state budget.
The Ministry of Public Education (B. Saidov), the Ministry of Health (B. Musaev),
the Ministry of Finance (T. Ishmetov), the Council of Ministers of the Republic of
Karakalpakstan, and the Khorezm Regional Government together with the Ministry of
Public Education (B. Saidov) will provide free meals to first-fourth grade students for two
months starting from April 1, 2022 submit to the Cabinet of Ministers the draft decision
on the organization of provision.
In this case, specific mechanisms for establishing public control over the spending
of funds allocated in the project and preventing corruption factors should be provided;
c) starting from January 1, 2023, the maximum amount of salary for pension
calculation should be increased from ten times to twelve times the basic amount of pension
calculation.
The Ministry of Finance (T. Ishmetov) should submit a draft Law providing for the
following amendments to
the Republic of Uzbekistan "On State Pension
Provision of Citizens" within three months :
-increasing the 3-year period to 6 years, when calculating the pension for women,
adding all the time they were on maternity leave to the length of service;
-counting the period considered for children with disabilities from childhood up to
the age of 18 to the length of service when assigning a pension.
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Conclusion
Summarizing the above, it should be noted that the measures taken by the state
testify that in a rapidly changing world Uzbekistan continues to improve the policy of
innovative development, giving priority to the effective implementation of national
economic potential. Within the framework of the implementation of the tasks outlined in
the Strategy of Action for the five priority development directions of the Republic of
Uzbekistan in 2017-2024, many ideas are successfully implemented, including those
aimed at strengthening the country's international image. To this end, Uzbekistan
continues to mobilize its creative potential, which includes, in particular, the formation of
a welfare belt around the country, widely applying modern approaches and methods to all
spheres of society. At the same time, the development of the country's economy is viewed
through the prism of enhancing the welfare of the people. Such an approach will
undoubtedly yield fruitful results in the very near future.
References
1.
.uzbekistan.and .pravda.vostoka
2.
www.pravda.vostoka
3.
2024 Institute of strategic and regional studies under the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan
4.
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7.
www.isrs.uz
