"ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI"
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83
GENDER FEATURES OF FORMS OF ADDRESS: A CONTRASTIVE
ANALYSIS ENGLISH AND UZBEK LITERARY EXAMPLES
Andaqulova Dilnora Kamol qizi
2
nd
year master student
Department of English Linguistics,
The National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
+998993083919
Annotation
: This article explores the gender-specific features of address
terms in Uzbek and English languages through a contrastive analysis of literary works:
“Ufq” by Said Ahmad and “Death on the Nile” by Agatha Christie. While both
languages share certain similarities in the use of pronominal form of address,
significant differences exist in nominal forms of address, particularly in their
expression of gender distinctions.
Keywords
: forms of address, gender linguistics, kinship terms, pronominal
forms of address, patronymic names
Аннотация:
В данной статье исследуются гендерно-специфические
особенности форм обращения в узбекском и английском языках через
контрастный анализ литературных произведений: “Уфк” Саида Ахмада и
“Убийство в Ниле” Агаты Кристи. Хотя оба языка имеют определенные сходства
в использовании местоименных форм обращения, существует значительная
разница в номинативных формах обращения, особенно в их выражении
гендерных различий.
Ключевые слова
: формы обращения, гендерная лингвистика, термины
родства, местоименные формы обращения, отчества.
Zusammenfassung
: Dieser Artikel untersucht die geschlechtsspezifischen
Merkmale der Anredeformen in den usbekischen und englischen Sprachen durch eine
kontrastive Analyse literarischer Werke: “Ufq” von Said Ahmad und “Death on the
Nile” von Agatha Christie. Während beide Sprachen gewisse Ähnlichkeiten in der
Verwendung pronominaler Anredeformen aufweisen, bestehen signifikante
Unterschiede in den nominalen Anredeformen, insbesondere in der Darstellung
geschlechtsspezifischer Unterscheidungen.
Schlüsselwörter:
Anredeformen,
geschlechterlinguistik,
Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen, pronominale Anredeformen, patronymen.
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According to Friederike Braun [1;28] in most languages forms of address
concentrate on two-word classes:
1.
Pronominal forms of address
(Pronouns that are used as terms of address)
2.
Nominal forms of address
(Names, kinship terms, and descriptive or
occupational labels)
Among these 2 categories of address terms only nominal forms of address
indicates gender. Analysis of literary works: “Ufq” by Said Ahmad and “Death on the
Nile” by Agatha Christie shows that following address terms are marked as gender
specific:
Gender characteristics in first-name usage as an address in the Uzbek
and English examples.
In both Uzbek and English, first names are commonly used as
forms of address to establish familiarity or to indicate social affiliations.
Gulnoza,
Nigora, Mohira, Dilafruz
, and
Jannat
are typical girl names in Uzbek culture, whereas
Akbar, Umid, Tursunboy, Aziz, and Ikrom
are typical male names. [5] For example, in
Uzbek
-Jannat, Jannat, senga nima bo’ldi? Jannat ingradi. Ikrom ariqdan hovuchida
suv olib betiga sochdi. Jannat ko’zini ochdi.
[2;7]
- Bolaginamga so’yib bering. Yesin.
Tursunboy, bolaginam, qanisan
[2:7] In English, -
How beastly you are, Joanna!
[3;13] 3.
I am not counting my chickens before they are hatched, Simon.
[3;21]
Gender characteristics in last-name usage as an address in the Uzbek
English examples
. Last names serve as formal means of address in both Uzbek and
English, but they differ significantly in terms of gender. In Uzbek, surnames are often
gender-specific, with suffixes like “-
ov/-ev
” for males and “-
ova/-eva
” for females,
making it easy to determine the gender of the addressee [4]. For instance: “–
O’rtoq
Yusupov, kanal ishlari terim sur’atiga ta’sir ko’rsatmasligi kerak
” and [2;128] In
contrast, English last names are typically gender-neutral, and gender is indicated
through honorifics such as
“Mr.”, “Miss”,
“
Mrs.”,
or
“Ms.”
For example: “
Well, you
see, Mr. Doyle, to begin with she is not a man”
[3; 72],
“Well, Miss Bowers, so you
are off to Europe? – Why, yes, Mrs. Robson”
[3;33], and
“There is only one woman in
the world I’ve got a real respect and admiration for. And I think, Mrs. Allerton, you
know very well who that woman is”
[3;32]. While Uzbek surnames reflect gender
inherently, English relies on contextual and honorific cues.
Using first name + last name as an address form, a comparative analysis
of gender characteristics in Uzbek and English.
In the given examples, gender can
be seen differently in English and Uzbek languages. In English, the first name often
shows gender, as seen in “
- Linnet Ridgeway, can you look me in the face and tell me
of any one occasion on which you’ve failed to do exactly as you wanted?”
[3;23],
where Linnet is a distinctly female name. Similarly, in “
- Oh, no, Colonel Race, of
course not. Miss Van Schuyler did.
[3;198], the name Colonel is apparently male name.
However, in Uzbek, both the first name and last name contribute to gender
"ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI"
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identification. For example, “-
Georgiy Zelma, “Ogonyok” jurnalining maxsus
fotomuxbiriman. Ijozat bersangiz, men yosh polvon Azizxon Ummataliyevga bir-ikkita
savol bersam.”
[2;213] clearly refers to a male individual, as Georgiy is a male first
name. This difference demonstrates how Uzbek incorporates both first and last names
for gender differentiation, while English mostly uses first names and honorific titles.
Gender Distinctions in First Name + Patronymic Usage within Uzbek and
English Examples.
Patronymic names are a polite and formal way to address someone
in Uzbek as in this example, “
-Gunohidan o’ting, Usmon Yusupovich.”
[2; 80] English
does not use patronymics to indicate gender in address, although Uzbek does.
Gender Features in Nickname Usage in Uzbek and English.
In both
contrasted languages nicknames reveal gender when used as address terms. For
example, in Uzbek
“Lutfi, sen ketaver, men hozir boraman. Istalovoydan menga ham
joy olib tur, orqangdan yetib boraman.”
[2; 124]. In English,
“We will see it together,
Jackie... together. Won’t it be marvelous?”
[3;21].
Gender features in kinship terms as forms of address, within the
examples of Uzbek and English.
In both languages’ kinship terms are used to address
family members and close relatives and most of them mark gender. As it can be seen in
the flowing examples:
“- Ummatali amaki, tez uyga borarkansiz.”
[2;15] or in
English,
“Why of course, Uncle Andrew. Linnet at once became businesslike. My
marriage has made a difference, of course.”
[3;96]. Most of the kinship terms in
Uzbek language are used to address strangers while the English mostly prefers using
gender markers/honorifics to address people.
Occupational titles as forms of address reflecting gender.
Occupational
titles are used as forms of address in both Uzbek and English, and they frequently
reflect gender differences. The gender of the person being addressed is made evident
in Uzbek by gendered forms such as “
kotib
” (male secretary) and
“kotiba”
(female
secretary), or
“shoir”
(male poet) and
“shoira”
(female poet). Similarly, gender-
specific professional terminology like
“actor”
and
“actress”,
or
“waiter”
(male) and
“waitress”
(female), are used in English. These titles express the addressee's gender
identification in addition to their job.
In conclusion, the study showed how crucial address phrases are to
communication. In particular, gendered forms of address draw attention to the ways
in which language encodes expectations and social relationships.
REFERENCES:
1. Friederike Braun, Terms of address: Problems of patterns and usage in
various languages and cultures. (Contributions to the Sociology of Language 50.)
Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 1988.
2. Said Ahmad. Ufq. Sano standart.2019.
3. Agatha Christie. The death on the Nile. London. 1937.
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5.
https://www.momjunction.com/articles/uzbekistan-baby-names-for-girls-
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