Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)

This article examines the roles of pragmatic potential and pragmatic adaptation in fiction translation, focusing on their contributions to creating culturally relevant and resonant target-language texts. Pragmatic potential involves the interpretative flexibility that translators utilize to preserve communicative intent and cultural nuance, while pragmatic adaptation involves specific modifications to enhance comprehension and relevance for the target audience without compromising the original’s impact. Using theories from Eugene Nida, Lawrence Venuti, Mona Baker, and Ernst-August Gutt, this article reviews practical case studies to illustrate how these strategies facilitate successful meaning transfer. The study highlights how translators function as cultural mediators, fostering cross-cultural understanding and the dynamic exchange of ideas through literary translation.

This paper focuses on the role of stylistic devices and symbolism in nature descriptions in Jack London’s “White Fang” and their recreation in the Uzbek translation. By analyzing selected passages, the study examines the translator’s use of foreignization and domestication strategies in rendering nature imagery.

Legal translation is a specialized field that involves translating legal documents and texts across different languages. Translators must navigate these legal and linguistic disparities by adapting legal concepts, borrowing terms, or providing explanatory translations.

This study investigates the lexicographic challenges involved in the bilingual treatment of specialized linguistic terms between English and Uzbek. Focusing on comparative analysis, the research examines structural and semantic differences in how linguistic terms are defined and presented in dictionaries and academic works.

This research is aimed at studying the role of interfixes in language development and their significance in educational processes. This research analyzes how interfixes assist students in the language learning process, simplify pronunciation, and improve word formation. This study helps deepen the understanding of the impact of interfixes on language learning in educational settings and serves as a basis for introducing new methods in language teaching.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy ta‘lim jarayonisa talabalarning tanqidiy fikrlash qobiliyatlarini shakllantirish va baholash usullari tahlil qilingan. O‘quv jarayonida tanqidiy fikrlash ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish uchun qator interaktiv metodlar taklif qilingan.

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has never been more important in training military cadets in a globalized military setting. In order to command operations, make decisions, and work with multinational forces, military personnel now need to be able to communicate effectively, which goes beyond simple language proficiency. This essay examines the value of communication competence in military cadet ESP training, highlighting its complexity, contribution to operational efficacy, and the difficulties teachers encounter in imparting it. The essay offers suggestions for improving language training in military contexts with the goal of raising cadets' general communication effectiveness in demanding, multicultural settings.

 Ushbu maqolada yangilanayotgan O‘zbekistonda ta’limning ahamiyati
va undagi o‘zgarishlar, shuningdek ta’lim tizimidagi islohotlar haqida so‘z yuritiladi.

В статье рассматриваются мотивационные детерминанты, влияющие на успешное овладение английским языком в высшей школе, с акцентом на внутреннюю и внешнюю мотивацию обучающихся. Анализируются ключевые факторы, способствующие формированию устойчивой мотивации, включая личностные, социальные и педагогические аспекты. Обосновываются методы их оптимизации, такие как геймификация, адаптивное обучение и межкультурная коммуникация, направленные на повышение эффективности языковой подготовки студентов.

This article analyzes gender-related vocabulary in German and Uzbek, highlighting their linguistic structures and the role of language in shaping social perceptions of gender. German has a grammatical gender system that explicitly distinguishes between masculine, feminine, and neutral forms, including occupational titles. In contrast, Uzbek lacks grammatical gender but exhibits lexical gender differences, often associating certain professions with men. Modern linguistic trends in both languages reflect efforts toward gender inclusivity, with German incorporating gender-neutral forms and Uzbek gradually adopting gender-specific occupational terms. This comparative analysis provides insight into how languages reinforce or challenge gender norms.

In literary texts, the horse often symbolizes power, freedom, loyalty, or cultural heritage. However, its image and symbolic meaning can be altered or enriched depending on the translator’s choices. This article explores how literary translation impacts the representation of the horse image, how culture-bound symbolism is transferred across languages, and the role of the translator’s awareness of both source and target cultures in conveying this powerful image.

This article explores the role of digital reading platforms, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven applications, gamification, and adaptive learning systems in enhancing reading instruction. Additionally, it discusses the impact of these technologies on student performance, highlighting both the advantages and challenges of integrating them into educational settings.

This study reviews the effectiveness, challenges and solutions of teaching vocabulary to young learners with the help of modern information and communication technologies.

Ushbu maqola umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktablarining yuqori sinf o‘quvchilariga ingliz tilini o‘qitishda zamonaviy yondashuvlar va ularning metodik aspektlari haqida qisqacha bayon qiladi. Ingliz tilini zamonaviy yondashuvlar asosida o‘qitish bugungi kun ta’lim dasturining zalvorli qismiga aylanib ulgurdi. Buning yutuqli tomoni esa ta’lim beruvchining ham, ta’lim oluvchining ham qisqa muddatda natijali bilim egallashidir. Shu bois, ushbu maqolada samara beradigan yondashuvlarga va ularning metodik aspektlariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.

This article presents information on the role of informatization in various spheres of human activity in society, the social necessity of learning a foreign language in an information educational environment, the possibilities of widespread use of information technologies, the main groups of communicative relations according to their orientation. Also, special attention is paid to the importance of teaching students a foreign language based on modern multifunctional electronic communication tools.

This study reviews the effectiveness, challenges and solutions of teaching vocabulary to young learners with the help of modern information and communication technologies.

Ushbu maqola umumiy o‘rta ta’lim maktablarining yuqori sinf o‘quvchilariga ingliz tilini o‘qitishda zamonaviy yondashuvlar va ularning metodik aspektlari haqida qisqacha bayon qiladi. Ingliz tilini zamonaviy yondashuvlar asosida o‘qitish bugungi kun ta’lim dasturining zalvorli qismiga aylanib ulgurdi. Buning yutuqli tomoni esa ta’lim beruvchining ham, ta’lim oluvchining ham qisqa muddatda natijali bilim egallashidir. Shu bois, ushbu maqolada samara beradigan yondashuvlarga va ularning metodik aspektlariga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.

This article presents information on the role of informatization in various spheres of human activity in society, the social necessity of learning a foreign language in an information educational environment, the possibilities of widespread use of information technologies, the main groups of communicative relations according to their orientation. Also, special attention is paid to the importance of teaching students a foreign language based on modern multifunctional electronic communication tools.

This is quite a narrow research objective that is focused on the benefits and challenges regarding the Computer-Aided Assessment, and how it impacts the students’ knowledge at the University. The field of education is constantly changing, and it has come to a stage where technology has been incorporated into teaching. One of the most important changes is the development of the Computer Aided Assessment (CAA), which uses technology to assess the students ‘learning. This article tries to study the effectiveness of CAA in language teaching and analyze its effects on students learning, educational practices, as well as the general participation of students in the educational process. Most of the foreign language classes taught at the Andijan branch of Kokand University in Uzbekistan were recorded for study purposes. A number of barriers concerning the use of modern technology in these lessons were discovered. Among such challenges were technical issues, insufficient computers or other devices, and the students’ associated lack of knowledge. Some teachers who participated in the classroom technology integration were interviewed for the purpose of understanding the design challenges. The investigators made with the impression that the teachers, despite challenges in implementing technology into teaching in these classes, had an overall positive attitude toward technology integration.

Independent learning is a key component of modern education, particularly in foreign language teaching. This article examines the theoretical foundations of independent learning, its practical applications, challenges, and solutions. The study highlights the importance of learner autonomy, self-motivation, and the integration of technology to enhance foreign language acquisition.   

In the modern world, teaching English requires more than traditional methods. The integration of 4C skills — Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking, and Creativity — is crucial for developing language learners who are competent, adaptive, and ready for future challenges. This paper explores how the 4C framework transforms English classrooms into interactive, engaging, and student-centered environments. It also discusses the benefits of applying the 4Cs in language teaching and offers practical strategies for implementation.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinflarda xorijiy tillarni o’rgatishda qo‘llaniladigan innovatsion texnologiyalar va metodlarning samaradorligi tahlil qilinadi. CLIL metodi, rolli o‘yinlar, juftlik va guruhli ish hamda o’yinlashtirish metodlarini ta’lim jarayonida qanday natijalar berishi ko‘rib chiqiladi.                 

This article examines the critical elements of coherence and continuity in English language teaching textbooks, highlighting teacher perspectives on their importance for effective learning. It underscores how structured content and consistent pedagogical approaches can enhance student engagement and understanding.

The study refers to creative solutions for enhancing students' language skills by incorporating new pedagogies. Traditional methods fail to address differentiated learning needs and modern demands such as application in everyday life and fluency. The study proposes the use of technology-based learning, inter-disciplinary pedagogy, and experiential training to create speaking, listening, reading, and writing abilities.

This study examines effective approaches to teaching the English language that are specifically designed to meet the professional requirements of customs officers. Acknowledging the critical role of English in international communication, trade facilitation, and border management, the research evaluates the alignment of existing teaching methodologies with the practical language needs of customs professionals. Utilizing data collected through questionnaires distributed to Customs institute cadets, the study identifies the most effective teaching strategies, prevalent challenges in language training, and potential areas for enhancement. The results underscore the significance of context-specific, communicative, and task-oriented approaches, providing actionable recommendations for the development of English for Specific Purposes programs within customs training organizations.

Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу проблем профессионального становления педагогов в Узбекистане и Турции. Рассматриваются основные вызовы, такие как низкие заработные платы, перегруженность, недостаток практической подготовки и наставничества. Также предлагаются решения, включая модернизацию образовательных программ, улучшение условий труда и развитие психологической поддержки. В статье акцентируется внимание на необходимости комплексного подхода к совершенствованию системы подготовки педагогов.

This paper explores the specific challenges encountered in teaching English as a foreign language to students with sensory impairments – namely, hearing, vision, and speech difficulties – within inclusive educational settings aims to ensure equitable access to learning for all students, those with sensory disabilities often face barriers that require adapted and specifically designed methodologies. Drawing from academic research and practical strategies, this study sheds light on main obstacles and suggests better approaches to better support English language learners with diverse needs.

This paper explores the theoretical and practical foundations of developing learner autonomy in foreign language education. It investigates modern teaching approaches such as task-based and project-based learning, as well as the impact of digital technologies in fostering self-directed learning. The development of autonomy not only supports linguistic proficiency but also promotes critical thinking, self-regulation, and lifelong learning competencies.

The article discusses the methodology of using the scaffolding model in the formation of English speaking competence of primary school students whose education is conducted in Uzbek. According to the author, the use of this model creates a stress-free environment in English lessons, which ensures the quality and effectiveness of education.

Gamification has emerged as a transformative force in foreign language education, offering innovative pathways for engaging learners through educational technologies. The increasing integration of gamification in educational technologies has significantly transformed language learning paradigms. This research paper explores the effectiveness of gamified learning platforms and critically examines the pedagogical challenges that accompany their use. Through the analysis of popular language learning applications such as Duolingo, Memrise, and Babbel, the study evaluates how game-based mechanics enhance motivation, retention, and learner autonomy. It also investigates key limitations, including lack of cultural immersion, inadequate speaking practice, and overreliance on extrinsic rewards. The findings suggest that while gamified apps serve as valuable supplementary tools, they must be integrated within broader pedagogical strategies to achieve holistic language acquisition. It examines how game-based elements such as rewards, progress tracking, and interactive activities enhance learner motivation, engagement, and retention. The paper concludes with recommendations for educators, developers, and policymakers on optimizing gamification for effective language acquisition.

Computational linguistics in English Language learning classroom revolutionizes the way students approach to learner autonomy in the classroom. The   introduction and facilitation of the classroom with AI tools helps in modern English Language learning, fosters self-directed learning, critical thinking, and creativity among language learners through various pedagogical methods used by the teachers of the language. This paper focuses on a segment from the smorgasbord and uses visual verbal pedagogical methods that interface with computational linguistics to explore an experiential learning curve between computational linguistics and learner autonomy. The paper highlights the potential benefits and opportunities for language learning in the classroom and beyond. There are challenges as well, as autonomous learning is about developing a more self-self-engaging and self-paced learning style, therefore sometimes it proves to be hindrance in developing speaking and listening skills if only limited to learner- computer based interface. Therefore, the interjectory role of a teacher as a facilitator and in peer-to-peer learning modes cannot be ruled out completely. Hence, autonomous learning does not in any sense belittle the role of a teacher as a mediator and a facilitator in this article, rather it outlines the ways and methods to use them as better resources for sustainable and enhanced learning processes.   

Ushbu maqolada qadimgi va o’rta davr ingliz tilidagi makon va mavjudlik ya’ni ekzistensiallik ma’nosini anglatish uchun qo‘llaniladigan konstruksiyalarni ifodalasn usullari yoritib beriladi. Ularning matnlarida qo’llanilishi qadimgi va o’rta davr badiiy adabiyotlardan olingan gaplada tahlil etiladi.

The article discusses key conceptions related to influence of pragmatic aspects on the process of translation. Ignorance of pragmatic principles may undermine the overall adequacy of the target text and lead to misunderstanding or incorrect reconstruction of the author’s ideas in translation.

This paper explores the concept of commentary (sharh) as a cognitive and communicative phenomenon in both literary and journalistic contexts. It highlights the historical development of commentary, its differentiation from related notions such as analysis and description, and its role in public discourse. Particular attention is given to the emergence of sports commentary in the UK and Uzbekistan, emphasizing the linguistic competence required for effective live reporting.

In diesem Artikel werden die Besonderheiten der Phraseologismen in der deutschen Sprache und ihre Übersetzung ins Usbekische betrachtet. Der Artikel präsentiert Ideen und Analysen bedeutender Wissenschaftler auf diesem Gebiet.

This article deals with problems that the author may face during translation process. Moreover, opportunities through translation and stages of translation process are included.

Totemism is an ancient belief system that establishes a symbolic relationship between humans and natural entities, such as animals, plants, or celestial objects. These totems often serve as emblems of clans, tribes, or social groups, embodying spiritual, cultural, and linguistic significance. In linguoculture – a field that explores the intersection of language and culture – totemism plays a crucial role in shaping myths, rituals, taboos, and even linguistic expressions. 

This article examines totemism as a linguocultural phenomenon , analyzing its influence on Uzbek language, identity, and collective memory across different societies, whereas explores how totemic concepts survive in modern Uzbek linguoculture.

Mazkur maqolada kontekstual sinonimlarning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari tahlilga tortilgan. Kontekstual sinonimlar individual ijodiy harakatning mahsuli sifatida namoyon bo‘lishi haqidagi qarashlar keltirilgan.

This article provides an overview of the major classifications of phraseological units (PUs) in the English language, exploring different criteria such as semantic motivation, structural properties, and functional characteristics. It examines the contributions of prominent linguists like Vinogradov, Kunin, and Gläser, highlighting their respective approaches to categorizing idioms and fixed expressions. The article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complexities inherent in phraseology and its crucial role in enriching communication.

The topic of our thesis is “Evolution and functioning of French borrowings in the English vocabulary in the field of fashion”. Borrowings are one of the important components of vocabulary. Studying the etymology of words is a way to trace the formation of the English language, to understand which languages influenced it. In the XX-XXI centuries, the vocabulary of the English language is replenished by borrowings from other languages, in particular from French, which determines the relevance of this study.

Gender tili — bu tilshunoslikda erkaklar va ayollar o‘rtasidagi til va muloqot farqlarini o‘rganadigan soha hisoblanadi. Genderning tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati ilmiy doiralarda keng muhokama qilinadi. Ko‘plab olimlar genderning til orqali shakllanishini va tilda qanday ifodalanishini tadqiq etishgan. Gender faqat biroz biologik yoki biologik-jinsiy tushuncha emas, balki ijtimoiy va madaniy qatlamlarga asoslangan, til orqali quriladigan, o‘zgaruvchan va dinamik bir konsepsiya sifatida qaraladi.

Judith Butler, Deborah Cameron, Robin Lakoff kabi olimlar genderni faqat biologik emas, balki ijtimoiy konstruksiya sifatida tushunadilar va uni til orqali dekonstruksiya qilish zarurligini ta’kidlaydilar. Boshqa olimlar esa, ayollar va erkaklar o‘rtasidagi til farqlarini va kommunikativ uslublarini, muloqot jarayonida gender roli va o‘zgaruvchanligini o‘rganishga e’tibor qaratgan. Gender tili orqali power (hokimiyat) va identity (identifikatsiya) masalalari ham muhim jihat bo‘lib, til yordamida gender ierarxiyasini, stereotiplarini va patriarchal tuzilmalarni tasvirlash mumkin.

Ushbu tadqiqotda genderning tilshunoslikdagi ahamiyati, tilda gender roli va identifikatsiyasi, shuningdek, gender tili va muloqoti haqida olimlarning qarashlari keng ko‘lamda o‘rganiladi. Bu soha tahlili genderni anglash va uni til orqali tahlil qilishda yangi perspektivalarni taqdim etadi.

This study investigates the impact of Padlet, a digital collaboration tool, on fostering creativity in various collaborative contexts. By examining its key features, applications, and user engagement, this paper aims to explore how Padlet can enhance creative workflows across education, business, and community development. Findings highlight the tool's ability to facilitate interactive, multimedia-rich collaboration, despite some limitations. This research underscores the potential of digital tools like Padlet in unlocking creativity and supporting collaborative processes.

This article explores the pragmalinguistic functions of fearinducing lexical units in detective discourse, comparing Uzbek (Shaytanat) and English (Sherlock Holmes) literary traditions. The study examines how linguistic tools evoke fear, analyzing semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic strategies. The findings reveal cultural and linguistic distinctions in fear representation, highlighting the role of context, metaphor, and speech acts. 

This article analyzes the study of adverbs in world linguistics in a historical-logical sequence. The interpretations given to versification within the framework of structural, generative and modern cognitive approaches, starting from the ancient Greek and Arabic schools of linguistics, are studied. At each stage, the views, theoretical approaches and developments of the main scientists are presented. The article serves to provide a deeper understanding of the place of parts of speech, in particular adverbs, in the history of linguistics.

The article deals with the usage of enumeration and parallel construction as syntactic stylistic devices in English. These structures enhance clarity, rhythm, and emphasis in various text types, from speeches and literature to journalism and formal writing. Through theoretical insights and textual examples, the study shows how these devices support effective communication and stylistic expression.

This article dwells on different kind of opinions which is given by scientists who worked with ornithonym in Uzbek languages. The study describes ornithonyms specific to Turkic languages ​​based on a study of bird names in the Uzbek language. In linguistics, mythological creatures in the form of birds are called "mythornithonyms", so they are analyzed as symbolic meaning in the article.

This article explores the gender-specific features of address terms in Uzbek and English languages through a contrastive analysis of literary works: “Ufq” by Said Ahmad and “Death on the Nile” by Agatha Christie. While both languages share certain similarities in the use of pronominal form of address, significant differences exist in nominal forms of address, particularly in their expression of gender distinctions.

The study explores pragmalinguistics as a modern field of linguistics, its theoretical foundations, and the role it plays in understanding how people use language in specific communicative contexts. We examine key concepts such as speech acts, politeness strategies, and the influence of culture and society on language use. Furthermore, the study highlights the growing significance of pragmalinguistics in contemporary linguistic studies, offering insights into its applications in language teaching, translation, and cross-cultural communication.

Mazkur maqolada ishbilarmonlik muloqotida og‘zaki va yozma nutqning pragmatik hamda stilistik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Unda kommunikativ aktda til vositalarining qanday pragmatik maqsadlarga xizmat qilishi, tinglovchi va o‘quvchiga ta’sir o‘tkazishdagi roli yoritilgan. Leksik va grammatik birliklarning tanlovi, ularning ijtimoiy, kasbiy va kommunikativ talablar asosida qo‘llanishi ilmiy asosda bayon etiladi. Xususan, biznes sohasida ishlatiladigan yozma hujjatlar – ish xatlari, rasmiy yozishmalar va ularning muloqot samaradorligiga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola yozma va og‘zaki nutq o‘rtasidagi uslubiy tafovutlarni ochib beradi hamda ishbilarmonlik aloqlarida tilning kommunikativ funksiyasini yoritadi.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilidagi futbol terminlarini oʻzbek tiliga tarjima qilishda uchraydigan asosiy muammolar, yechimlar va yutuqlar yoritilgan. Tarjimada kontekstga moslik, xalqaro tajriba, texnologik yangiliklar va sport jurnalistikasi tili alohida e’tiborda tahlil qilingan.

This article explores the etymological and emotional-expressive aspects of achromatic colors, focusing on their semantic evolution, cultural significance, and lexical classification in Karakalpak and English. The study highlights the challenges of categorizing color-denoting adjectives and examines how historical, cultural, and linguistic factors shape color perception.

This research investigates the pragmatics issues of gender differences in communication from a linguistic and scientific approach focusing on discourse by men vs women. The study looks at speech acts, conversational styles and interactional norms to evaluate how language is differently made by men and women and whether these differences have consequences for the male and female communicators themselves. This presented thesis uses linguistic theory, gender studies and empirical data used for the over-arching understanding of gendered communication.

This article is devoted to the importance of literary translation in intercultural communication, particularly, providing mutual communication through literature. Hermeneutic aspects of translation enhances understandability of the text in the target language created through hermeneutic analysis of the translator that was made after reading the original text in the source language. As whatever translated can’t be rendered without hermeneutic definition of the translator, all the occasions which need it distinctly and the ways how to apply it have been offered in the foregoing statements.

Развитие систем машинного перевода (МП) на основе искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) ставит под вопрос традиционную роль переводчика. Эта статья исследует изменение личности переводчика в условиях растущей автоматизации, анализируя, какие навыки и компетенции остаются незаменимыми и как меняется взаимодействие человека и машины в процессе перевода. Особое внимание уделяется этическим вопросам, связанным с использованием искусственного интеллекта, и необходимости адаптации образовательных программ для подготовки переводчиков к новой реальности. Сравнительный анализ машинного и человеческого перевода художественных текстов демонстрирует разницу в подходе к передаче смысла и нюансов.

Language plays a crucial role in advertising by shaping consumer perception and engagement. One of the most effective linguistic strategies employed in advertising discourse is the "language game," which involves wordplay, puns, metaphors, and other rhetorical devices to capture audience attention. This paper explores the use of the language game in English and Uzbek advertisements, highlighting similarities and differences. The study integrates insights from linguists and marketing experts to analyze how language manipulation enhances the persuasiveness of advertisements.

This article explores the concept of opposites in both English and Uzbek languages reveals fascinating theoretical perspectives that illuminate their meanings and stylistic applications.

The English language boasts a rich and diverse history, significantly shaped by the influx of words borrowed from other languages.  "The Role of French Loanwords within the English Lexicon Pertaining to Fashion and Clothing" is underscored by the significant influence of French culture and language on the English lexicon, particularly in the realm of fashion and clothing. As global fashion trends continue to evolve and intermingle, understanding the origins and implications of these loanwords becomes increasingly relevant. French has historically been associated with elegance, sophistication, and style, making its vocabulary particularly prominent in discussions about fashion. The integration of French terms into English reflects not only linguistic adaptation but also cultural exchange and the evolution of fashion as a form of expression. On this line French borrowings stand out with their quantity and usage in the language. Specially fashion related French borrowings were integral to the fabric of English clothing related terms and still continue to shape its dynamic nature.

Language is not static; it constantly evolves, reflecting the cultural, technological, and social changes of its time. In today’s globalized world, languages are transforming at an unprecedented rate due to cross-cultural interactions, technological advancements, and international communication. This article explores the dynamic evolution of lexical units under the influence of globalization.

Har bir sohadagi terminologik faoliyat to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri yangi tushunchalar yaratilayotgan sohaning samaradorligiga bog‘liq. Tibbiy-biologik, tibbiy-kimyoviy, tibbiy-texnik bilimlarning jadal rivojlanishi tufayli maxsus tibbiy terminlar soni ortib bormoqda. Tibbiy atama shakllanishining lingvistik tasviri uning tarjima harakatida va tobora ortib borayotgan rivojlanish sur’atida aniqlanganligini qiyosiy tahlil asosida o‘rganildi.

This paper explores the field of pragmatics and its relationship with other major branches of linguistics. Pragmatics, as a subfield of linguistics, focuses on the study of language in use and how context influences meaning. The paper discusses how pragmatics interacts with syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, and psycholinguistics. It highlights the importance of understanding the role of context, speaker intentions, and cultural norms in communication. The interdisciplinary nature of pragmatics is examined, showing its relevance to various linguistic theories and its practical applications in communication studies.

The phenomenon of eponymy, where a word or phrase is derived from a proper noun, plays a significant role in shaping language and popular culture. This article explores the concept of eponyms, particularly in the context of the film industry, and how iconic characters, situations, or concepts from movies become integrated into the English language. By analyzing various examples of eponyms from films, we demonstrate how these terms transcend their cinematic origins and influence society’s understanding of specific traits, behaviors, and concepts.

      This article discusses the lexical, grammatical, and stylistic problems encountered in the translation of the English writer Charlotte Bronte's "Jane Eyre" into the Uzbek language. The novel "Jane Eyre" is considered one of the most important works in English literature, in which the ideas of feminism and humanism are put forward. The translation into the Uzbek language was carried out through the Russian language. 

Ushbu maqolada hozirgi zamon nemis tilida yoshlar leksikasi tushunchasi, ushbu leksikada uchrovchi sinonimlar va ularning turlari, nemis yoshlari leksikasigi sinonimlarning semantik xususiyatlari haqida so’z yuritilgan.

This is quite a narrow research objective that is focused on the benefits and challenges regarding the Computer-Aided Assessment, and how it impacts the students’ knowledge at the University. The field of education is constantly changing, and it has come to a stage where technology has been incorporated into teaching. One of the most important changes is the development of the Computer Aided Assessment (CAA), which uses technology to assess the students ‘learning. This article tries to study the effectiveness of CAA in language teaching and analyze its effects on students learning, educational practices, as well as the general participation of students in the educational process. Most of the foreign language classes taught at the Andijan branch of Kokand University in Uzbekistan were recorded for study purposes. A number of barriers concerning the use of modern technology in these lessons were discovered. Among such challenges were technical issues, insufficient computers or other devices, and the students’ associated lack of knowledge. Some teachers who participated in the classroom technology integration were interviewed for the purpose of understanding the design challenges. The investigators made with the impression that the teachers, despite challenges in implementing technology into teaching in these classes, had an overall positive attitude toward technology integration.

This article explores the structural and semantic characteristics of proverbs in Jane Austen’s novels. It examines how Austen's proverbs reflect social norms, psychological insights, and cultural values. Through syntactic and semantic analysis, the study categorizes these proverbs into simple, compound, and complex sentences, highlighting their linguistic functions. The research contributes to the field of paremiology and literary linguistics by analyzing how Austen’s proverbs shape character development and narrative structure. The study integrates perspectives from scholars like W.Mieder, R.Firth, and B.Jurayeva to provide a broader understanding of proverbial expressions in literature.

This article deals with the semantic features of verbs of motion, which provide a deeper understanding of how movement is conceptualized and communicated in English. This study focuses on exploring the definitions, classifications, and semantic nuances of these verbs and emphasizes their practical applications in language use which can help language learners with their learning process.

Ushbu maqolada nemischa-o’zbekcha frazeologik lug’at tuzish masalalari zamon talablari va tilshunoslik muammolari nuqtai nazaridan tahlil qilinadi. Frazeologizm – bu tilda figurativ ifodalarni o'z ichiga olgan iboralar majmuasi bo’lib, ular madaniyatni yoritishda muhim rol o’ynaydi. Bugungi kunda global muloqot va madaniyatlararo almashuv jarayonida nemischa-o’zbekcha frazeologik lug’atlarning ahamiyati oshmoqda, bu esa til o’rganish va tarjimonlik faoliyatida muhim vosita hisoblanadi.

National ornaments are more than mere decorative patterns; they are rich in cultural significance and can be understood as a form of visual language. This article explores the linguistic features embedded in national ornaments, examining how their symbols, patterns, and forms convey meanings that parallel language and communication. By analyzing examples from various cultures, the article highlights the intricate connection between language, design, and cultural identity. It also discusses the evolving role of these ornaments in contemporary design and their continued relevance in understanding the relationship between culture, language, and visual aesthetics.

The article describes the context of evolving linguistic norms influenced by sociocultural shifts, such as the increasing push for gender inclusivity and non-binary representation in language. Analyzing gender units semantically can help identify implicit biases, asymmetries, and stereotypes embedded in the language, contributing to efforts aimed at reducing gender discrimination in communication.

This study presents an in-depth analysis of the sign interpretation mechanisms that are found within human and AI interaction using semiotics, cognitive and neurolinguistics, as well as pragmatics perspectives. Research conducted brings to light important critical issues such as the specificity of AI in syntactic and semantic text analysis, or issues regarding processing polysemous words and cultural codes, or even avenues through which AI can handle pragmatic intent interpretation. Particular emphasis is given to analyses of the issues related to cultural noise and intercultural communication problems in automated dialogues, along with their implications on the effectiveness of communication.

Neyrolingvistika zamonaviy tilshunoslikning yangi sohasi hisoblanib u til va nerv sistemasi kesishuvida hosil bo’ladigan nutqdagi muommolarni o’rganadi. Ushbu maqolada A. Christiening “The ABC murders” nomli detektiv asari qahramonlari nutqida hosil bo’lgan muommolarni tahlil qilinadi. Unda asosan qahramonlarimizda kuchlai hayajon yoki qo’rquv bo’lgan vaqtda yuzaga kelgan nutqiy muommolar o’rganildi.

Nemis tili tarixan rivojlanish davomida turli tillardan, jumladan, yunon tilidan ham ko‘plab so‘zlarni o‘zlashtirgan. Ayniqsa, yunoncha kelib chiqishga ega bo‘lgan terminlar ilm-fan, tibbiyot, falsafa va texnika sohalarida muhim o‘rin tutadi. Bugungi kunda nemis ilmiy matnlarida yunon tilidan olingan atamalar keng qo‘llanilib, xalqaro ilmiy aloqalar va akademik nutqning ajralmas qismiga aylangan. Ushbu maqolada nemis tiliga yunon tilidan so’zlar o’zlashish davrlari, ularning ilmiy terminolar sifatida qo’llanilishi, hamda struktur-semantik xususiyatlari, bu borada olib borilgan tadqiqot va ilmiy izlanishlar tahlil qilinadi.

This paper explores the pragmatics and discourse analysis of fantasy concepts, focusing on how language constructs meaning and interaction in fantastical narratives. Key pragmatic elements such as speech acts, implicature, presupposition, and deixis are examined to illustrate their role in world-building and immersive storytelling.

This work highlights the different periods inherent in the formation of names that exist in English and Uzbek languages. The role of anthroponyms in the field of onomastics is mentioned.

This article is dedicated to the section of lexicology concerning phraseology. It presents a comparative linguacultural analysis of phraseological and idiomatic units involving clothing names in English and Uzbek. Additionally, the specific features of phraseological expressions that vividly reflect the mentality, culture, customs, and traditions of each nation are revealed from the perspective of both languages (English and Uzbek). The article also provides important information about phraseological units.

Silence is a potent instrument for communication that differs greatly between cultures. This article explores the operation of silence as a communication tool and affects of it in English and Uzbek interpersonal communications. The article emphasizes the value of contextual awareness in cross-cultural communication by examining the realization and usage of silence in both cultures.

This article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the semantic and functional features of football-related lexical units in the English language. It provides an examination of football terminology through the lens of linguistic theories such as semantic field theory, prototype theory, and communicative-functional approach. The terms are categorized based on their semantic, morphological, and contextual properties, with real-life examples analyzed for each type. Findings suggest that football terminology is a significant area of study in both linguistics and translation studies.

This thesis explores the linguistic and pragmatic functions of discourse markers in communication. It focuses on how elements such as ‘well, so, you know, and’ help speakers construct meaning, manage turns, express politeness and maintain coherence in various discourse situations. Using theories in pragmatics, discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics, the research investigates how these markers reflect cultural norms, social roles and conversational strategies across contexts.

This article examines the role of linguistic research in pilgrimage tourism, focusing on how language enhances communication, preserves cultural heritage, and enriches pilgrims' experiences. It discusses the impact of multilingual signage and informational materials on accessibility at pilgrimage sites. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of accurately translating and preserving indigenous terminologies to maintain cultural authenticity. The analysis also considers the linguistic features of pilgrimage advertising and the necessity for culturally sensitive promotional strategies. By integrating linguistic insights, the article advocates for improved communication strategies and the preservation of cultural heritage to enhance the spiritual journey of pilgrims.

Ushbu maqolada audiovizual tarjima matnlarida uchraydigan diskurs markerlar haqida so’z yuritiladi. Maqolada diskurs marker tushunchasi, g’arb va sharq olimlarining diskurs markerlar haqidagi tahliliy fikrlari tahlil ostiga olinadi. Bu esa, o’z o’zidan ikki tilning diniy, madaniy farqliklari yaqqol ko’zga tashlanadi. Tahlil qilingan filmning ingliz tilidagi varianti “Bilibili” platformasidan olingan bo’lsa; o’zbek tiliga o’girilgan varianti “Uzmovi.com” sayti orqali ko’rib chiqildi.

The article examines the semantics of the zoonym Horse in phraseology on the material of German and Uzbek languages. Various phraseological dictionaries, including electronic sources, served as the material for the study. As a result, the main structural types of phraseological phrases with the component Horse were revealed, phenomena of reality, human attitude to the surrounding world were determined.

With an emphasis on social media engagement, this thesis examines the pragmatic elements of formal and informal language in digital English communication.  It looks into how people use language on social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, analyzing how they balance formality with informality.  The study emphasizes how online interactions influence and mirror more general socio-linguistic norms, drawing on discourse analysis and pragmatic theory.

Данная статья посвящена вопросам фреймирования коммуникации. Дается сравнительный анализ понятия фрейма в когнитивной лингвистике и социологии. Раскрывается основная характеристика понятия фрейм, показывается смысловое различие фрейма от структуры. Выделяются фреймы внутренние и внешние. Сделана попытка сближения лингвистических концепций о перформативных высказываниях и социологического фрейм анализа в целях демонстрации фреймирования коммуникации на двух уровнях, внутреннем и внешнем. Показывается роль языка не только во внутреннем вреймировании коммуникации но и его участие во внешнем фреймировании.

This article explores speech development in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), focusing on the challenges posed by social, neurological, and sensory factors. It examines how these factors impact language acquisition and proposes a comprehensive framework for understanding and supporting speech development in children with ASD.

Ushbu maqolada nemis tilshunosligida yaratilgan  tilshunoslik terminlariga oid lug’atlarda ularga sarlavha tanlanishi va so’zboshida ushbu lug’atlarga berilgan ta’riflar to’g’risida so’z yuritiladi.

This thesis explores the peculiarities of idiomatic expressions in English and Uzbek languages with a focus on their usage in mass media. It  analyzes the theoretical background of idioms, their applications in mass media, and provides a comparative analysis of idiomatic expressions in English and Uzbek newspapers.

This article explores the concept of verb valency, which refers to the number of arguments a verb can take. It outlines the history of valency theory presented by Lucien Tesnière in 1959. The article also contrasts the valency systems of English and Russian, highlighting the structural and typological distinctions between the two languages.

This article explores the stylistic features of English social advertising texts, emphasizing their role in shaping public perception and encouraging behavioral change. The study highlights various expressive means and stylistic devices commonly employed in social advertisements, including personification, metaphor, hyperbole, simile and pun. These linguistic techniques serve to enhance message retention, evoke emotional responses, and strengthen the persuasive impact of social campaigns.

This article is dedicated to the issues related to synonyms in the process of translating from English to Uzbek and the ways to overcome them.

This article examines stylistic devices in proverbs, focusing on English and Russian paremiology. It analyses key figurative elements, including metaphor, alliteration, rhyme, and personification, to highlight their role in the meaning and memorability of proverbial speech. The study finds that stylistic devices are widely used in both languages, with slight differences in usage. By comparing some linguistic features, the research provides insight into how different cultures use stylistic devices in proverbs to encode wisdom and shared experiences.

This thesis explores the cultural and linguistic features of public speaking in Russian and English. It examines how Russian speakers often emphasize emotional appeal and collectivist values, while English speakers tend to prioritize clarity, logic, and individual expression. Through the analysis of public speeches, the study highlights how each language reflects its cultural identity and rhetorical traditions in spoken discourse.

Diplomatic discourse is studied in linguistics as a complex form of communication in global politics. The scientific and theoretical research in this field focuses on analyzing the linguistic structures, pragmatic features, and the role of diplomatic discourse in its socio-cultural context. Typically, diplomatic discourse is a special form of official communication, aimed at ensuring mutual understanding, conducting negotiations, and managing international relations. In this type of discourse, specific linguistic characteristics such as caution in speech, the subtlety of diplomatic language, conflict mitigation, and adaptation to social and political contexts are given particular attention. Studying diplomatic discourse also provides a deeper understanding of how language is used in political and cultural processes, communication strategies, and the role of language in global communication.

The article reveals the role of the famous writer and poet, public figure Heinrich Böll, who played an important role in the development of the approach of realism in the German literature of the 20th century. In addition, the early and post-war novels of the author were analyzed in comparative way.

Maqolada ingliz va o’zbek maqollarida mavjud bo’lgan oila konseptining qanday ifodalanishi, ularning o’xshash va farqli taraflari tahlil qilinadi. Har bir xalqning madaniyati va dunyoqarashini maqollardek ochiq namoyon etuvchi lingvistik birlikni topish mushkul. Maqolaning ilmiy ahamiyati shundaki, u madaniy parallel va lingvistik yondashuv orqali ingliz va o’zbek tillarida oila konseptining shakllanish qonuniyatlarini ochib berishga xizmat qiladi.

This article analyzes euphemisms in English and Uzbek, examining their linguistic structures, functions, and cultural influences. It categorizes them by theme and explores how cultural, religious, and social factors shape their use, enhancing cross-cultural communication and politeness strategies.

This article gives information about mental verbs and their role in the literature. In the Uzbek language, different variants of mental stative verbs such as “hadiksiramoq”, “qadrlamoq”, “magrurlanmoq”, “qanoatsizlanmoq” and “toqatsizlanmoq” are considered. Verbs such as “struggle”, “contemplate”, “conceive”, and “despise” in English have also been analyzed by considering that their semantics can be expressed in Uzbek through different verbs.

This article discusses the semantic changes of the meaning adjective which includes narrowing and expansion in English and Uzbek languages. Language is the means of forming thoughts and transmitting information to other people. The adjective plays a crucial role in language aspects, which describes a noun. It is natural factor that language changes in over time, so this article studies a comparative analysis of the factor influencing these changes.

Politeness theory (PT) emerged within the pragmatic approach in linguistics. According to this theory, individuals employ specific strategies to facilitate effective communication. These strategies help them create an optimal and comfortable communicative environment. The study considers how social norms, power dynamics and cultural values shape the expression and interpretation of polite behavior in discourse.

The stylistic device of the epithet plays a crucial role in shaping the expressive and aesthetic qualities of English fiction texts. By attributing distinctive characteristics to objects, people, or events, epithets enrich the narrative, evoke emotions, and enhance imagery. This article explores the function of epithets in literary texts, examining their historical evolution, structural patterns, and semantic impact. Through the analysis of selected examples from English fiction, the study highlights how epithets contribute to the depth of characterization, the creation of mood, and the overall stylistic harmony of a text.

This article discusses the fact that literary communication is one of the most necessary factors for the development of any literature, how laborious the art of translation is in translating samples of Uzbek literature into English, and how poetic works differ from prose works in the same way and to the same extent. The existence of primary rules for a translator in translation, translation is a type of literary art, and translation is a science. In this sense, if a translator, as an artist of words, knows another language perfectly, but does not know his own language well, the work will be very strange and dull. The work of a translator and the relevance of literary translation today are discussed.

Proverbs are a fundamental part of cultural heritage, carrying wisdom, ethical values, and the worldview of different societies. This article examines the conceptual significance of proverbs in Uzbek and English cultures, analyzing their role in transmitting values, beliefs and historical traditions. A comparative analysis of proverbs from both cultures reveals similarities in moral teachings and differences influenced by social structures and historical developments. The study also explores the evolution of proverbs in modern contexts, assessing their relevance in contemporary society.

This thesis explores the works of Geoffrey Chaucer, regarded as one of the greatest figures in English literature, with a particular focus on his masterpiece “The Canterbury Tales”, as well as other notable examples of his creative legacy. Although the work is considered unfinished, it has captured the hearts of English-speaking readers for centuries. The thesis not only provides comprehensive information about the work and its author but also offers a close examination of Chaucer as a beloved literary figure, comparable to Alisher Navoi for the Uzbek people.

This article examines the linguocultural and social dimensions of Dr. Seuss’s children's literature, focusing on how imaginative language conveys complex themes such as racial equality, environmentalism, and authoritarianism. Through qualitative analysis of The Sneetches, The Lorax, and Yertle the Turtle, the study highlights how stylistic devices like rhyme, metaphor, and neologisms serve as semiotic tools for moral and cultural instruction. The research underscores the pedagogical and discursive power of children's literature in shaping young readers' ethical and cognitive development within broader sociolinguistic contexts.

This article explores the mythological and folkloric roots that permeate J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, highlighting the author’s deep engagement with ancient literary traditions across various cultures. By examining the origins of character names and thematic elements, the article demonstrates how Rowling integrates motifs from Greek, Roman, Norse, Celtic, Egyptian, and Indian mythology to enrich her fantasy world. Characters such as Hermione Granger and Nagini are shown to embody attributes of their mythological counterparts, while legendary figures like Merlin and Morgana anchor the magical universe in well-known folklore. The study emphasizes that Rowling’s fusion of ancient myths with contemporary storytelling not only enhances the depth and resonance of her characters but also serves as a bridge between classical literature and modern fantasy. Ultimately, this analysis underlines the timeless relevance of myth and its vital role in shaping the narrative and symbolic structure of Rowling’s work.

The article discusses integration of folk poetry to the formation of national identity, preserving cultural memory and shared values in Seamus Heaney’s poetry. The incorporation of Irish folk elements serves to emphasize and preserve Irish cultural heritage, playing a significant role in the construction of national identity. Seamus Heaney’s engagement with Irish folk poetry is evident in his works, where he often draws upon traditional Irish legends, myths, and oral traditions. Heaney’s poetry captures the essence of Irish culture, connecting contemporary readers with their ancestral past. In poems such as “Maighdean Mara”, “Anahorish”, “Digging”, “Sweeney Redivivus” the poet references ancient rituals and legends, invoking a deep historical and cultural memory.

This article contains information about the social system depicted in Animal Farm, including ideas about equality and its impact on society. By examining the changing power dynamics among the animals and their consequences, we understand how Orwell represents the fragility of social justice and the ongoing struggle for equality.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tilidagi futbol terminlarini oʻzbek tiliga tarjima qilishda uchraydigan asosiy muammolar, yechimlar va yutuqlar yoritilgan. Tarjimada kontekstga moslik, xalqaro tajriba, texnologik yangiliklar va sport jurnalistikasi tili alohida e’tiborda tahlil qilingan.

The issues of humor translation in works of fiction are always relevant due to cultural and historical features. This paper examines the difficulties that arise when translating a comic based on the work "Monday Begins on Saturday" by A. N. and B. N. Strugatsky, which is the novelty of the study. The purpose of the work is to examine the comic moments of the original text and their translation in order to identify the transformations applied and determine whether the comic effect has been preserved.

This research analyzes examples of alliterations semantically as well as their translation methods and techniques found in “The Tales of Beedle the Bard” by J.K. Rowling.

This research paper in translation investigates domestication and foreignization as primary two methods which maintain the uniqueness of a text for the target audience and how these two strategies can be applied in the translation of short stories in order to make it valuable material to explore inclusive cross-cultural understanding. Concerning cultural and ideological values within historical and social factors, this research work covers foreign elements which are pivotal in the comprehension of how cultural adaptation functions in translation.

Ushbu maqolada badiiy tarjima jarayonida lingvistik xususiyatlarning ahamiyati, tarjimada milliy rang, madaniy tafovutlar va ularning tarjima sifati va tushunilishiga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Muallif J. Londonning “Hayotga muhabbat” hikoyasi asosida lingvistik va madaniy o‘ziga xosliklarning tarjimada qanday aks etishi va tarjimon tomonidan qanday yondashuvlar qo‘llanilishi lozimligi haqida misollar keltiradi. Tarjimonning kommunikativ ta’sirni saqlab qolishdagi roli, madaniy neytrallikni saqlashi va lingvomadaniy farqlarga asoslangan yondashuvlarning zarurligi asoslab beriladi.

Ushbu tadqiqot Qoraqalpog’iston Respublikasining Ustyurt platosida Lepidoptera (kapalaklar) faunasining bioekologik xususiyatlari va xilma-xilligini o‛rganishga bag’ishlangan. 2025 yilning mart va aprel o‛tkazilgan dala tadqiqotlari natijasida 17 ga yaqin tur aniqlanib, ulardan 1 tasi O‛zbekistonning “Qizil kitobi”ga kiritilgan noyob turlar sifatida qayd etildi. Tadqiqotda turlarning tarqalishi, trofik aloqalari va antropogen omillarning tasiri tahlil qilindi. Ustyurt platosining ekologik monitoringi va noyob turlarni muhofaza qilish bo‛yicha takliflar ishlab chiqildi. Tadqiqot natijalari Markaziy Osiyo cho‛l ekotizimlarining bioxilma-xilligini saqlashga xizmat qiladi.

Ushbu maqolada hozirgi kunda insoniyatni tashvishga solayotgan muamolardan biri atmosferani ifloslantiruvchi moddalar va ularning turlari haqida ma’lumot keltirilgan.

Причины экологической опасности для индивидуального и общественного здоровья в первую очередь связаны с увеличением антропогенных нагрузок на окружающую среду. Одним из наиболее важных факторов среды с точки зрения возможного влияния на здоровье населения был и будет химический состав атмосферного воздуха. Загрязнение атмосферного воздуха соле-пылевым выносом со дна высохшей части Аральского моря, и пыльные бури приводят к обострению хронических заболеваний особенно органов дыхания: хронических бронхитов, бронхиальной астмы.

Проблема воздействия автомобиля на окружающую среду и здоровье человека является актуальной в настоящее время. Автотранспорт оказывает отрицательное воздействие на качество окружающей среды, вызывая загрязнение гидроресурсов, земельных ресурсов и растительного мира. Особую экологическую проблему представляет вибрация, возникающая при движении автомобиля. Она воздействует не только на водителя и пассажиров, но и передается через дорожное покрытие в окружающее пространство. Многогранность и сложность структуры предприятий автомобильного транспорта, выполняемых работ, используемого технологического оборудования предопределяют многообразие форм и направлений загрязнения окружающей среды [2].

Рассматриваются вопросы экологической оценки уровней загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в северных и южных районах Республики Каракалпакстан. Установлено, что средний за исследуемый период показатель удельного веса нестандартных проб атмосферного воздуха в северных районах республики по содержанию пыли практически аналогичен от показателя, зафиксированного в южных районах республики (соответственно 17,48±5,1% и 18,57±2,3%). 

Ushbu tezisda Qayrog‘och (Ulmus uzbekistanica Drop.) — O‘zbekistonning tog‘oldi va vodiy hududlariga xos bo‘lgan qadimiy barg to‘kuvchi daraxt turi bo‘lib, vegetatsiya davrida kurtaklarining uyg‘onishi muhim fenologik bosqich hisoblanishi, kurtaklarning uyg‘onish muddati, daraxtning sog‘lig‘i, joylashgan joyi (ekspozitsiya), tuproq tarkibi va harorat rejimi to`g`risida ma’luot berib o`tild.

Ushbu tadqiqot 2024–2025-yilning aprel–may oylarida Qoraqalpog‘istonning Janubiy Orolbo‘yi hududida uzun shoxli qo‘ng‘izlar (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) ning bioekologik xususiyatlarini o‘rganadi. Tadqiqotda Neoplocaederus scapularis (Fischer von Waldheim, 1821) va Aeolesthes sarta (Solsky, 1871) kabi asosiy turlar diqqat markazida bo‘lib, ularning tarqalishi, oziqlanuvchi o‘simliklari va cho‘l ekotizimlaridagi moslashuvchanligi tahlil qilindi. Maydon tadqiqotlarida an’anaviy entomologik usullar, jumladan, tuproqdagi Barber tuzoqlari va yorug‘lik tuzoqlari orqali namunalar yig‘ildi (Taxtako‘pir tumani va Qizilqum cho‘li). Tadqiqot natijalari havo harorati, namlik va o‘simlik mavjudligi kabi omillar uzun shoxli qo‘ng‘izlar populyatsiyasini shakllantirishda muhim rol o‘ynashini ko‘rsatdi. Ferula assa-foetida asosiy oziqlanuvchi o‘simlik sifatida ajralib turdi; qo‘ng‘izlarning faollik cho‘qqisi uning gullash davriga to‘g‘ri keldi. Pesticidlardan foydalanish kabi antropogen omillar populyatsiyalarga ta’sir ko‘rsatdi va biologik xilma-xillikni saqlab qolish zaruratini yuzaga chiqardi. Xylotrechus ibex (Gebler, 1825) kabi noyob turlarning yuqori sifatli suratlari va yashash muhiti tasvirlari tadqiqotning ilmiy ahamiyatini oshiradi. Ushbu natijalar Janubiy Orolbo‘yi hududida hasharotlar xilma-xilligini saqlash bo‘yicha monitoring va himoya ishlarini davom ettirish zarurligini ta’kidlaydi.

Ushbu maqolada 2018–2021 yillar davomida Ustyurt tekisligida o‘tkazilgan ekologik monitoring natijalari asosida to‘g‘riqanotsimon hasharotlarning tarqalish xususiyatlari, fenologik holati, miqdoriy ko‘rsatkichlari va ularning ekologik ahamiyati tahlil qilindi. Tadqiqotlar uchta asosiy hududdagi o‘simlik jamoalari asosida olib borildi. Monitoring davomida topilgan turlar turlarga ajratilib, ularning ayrimlari “Qizil kitob”ga kiritish uchun tavsiya etildi. Eng ko‘p uchraydigan turlar esa qishloq xo‘jaligi ekinlari uchun xavfli zararkunandalar yoki ekotizimdagi trofik zanjirning muhim ishtirokchilari sifatida baholandi. Ushbu monitoring natijalari Ustyurt hududining hayvonot dunyosi davlat kadastrini yuritish, biologik xilma-xillikni saqlash va ekotizim monitoringini ilgari surishda muhim ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyatga ega.

Maqolada Qarshi sharoitida manzarali oʻsimlik sifatida ekiladigan dorivor tur – Calendula officinalis L. toʻgʻrisida ma'lumot keltirilgan. Tadqiqot uchun tanlangan turlarning botanik tavsifi, tarqalishi, kimyoviy tarkibi, ahamiyati tahlil qilingan, urug‘ unuvchanligi o‘rganilgan.

Мазкур мақолада Goji (L. chinense ва L. barbarum) ўсимлигининг Наманган вилояти шароитида етиштириш технологияси, экиш схемалари, суғориш усуллари, турли тупроқларда ҳосилдорлик даражасига таъсири ўрганилди. Тадқиқот натижаларига кўра, мўътадил суғориш шароитида юқори ва экологик соф ҳосил олиш мумкинлиги аниқланди.

Gleditschia triacanthos L. (Tikandaraxt) daraxtining biologik va ekologik xususiyatlari, o‘sish sharoitlari hamda fenologik rivojlanish jarayonlari haqida ma’lumot berildi.

Maqola Toshkent shahrida tarqalgan Aegilops L. turkumiga mansub ayrim turlarining bioekologik xususiyatlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotlar Toshkent shahrining turli tabiiy hududlarida olib borildi. O‘simlik na’munalarining o‘sish joylari, tuproq sharoiti va ekologik omillari tahlil qilindi. Laboratoriya sharoitida urug‘larning unuvchanligi Petri idishlarida va termostat yordamida o‘rganildi. Aegilops turlarining morfologik belgilari ham solishtirildi. Ayrim turlar qurg‘oqchilikka chidamliligi bilan ajralib turadi. Ularning yashash muhitiga tez moslashuvi kuzatildi.

Maqolada Matricaria chamomilla L. turining botanik tavsifi, tarqalishi, kimyoviy tarkibi, manzaralilik va farmakologik ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Bu turning dorivorlik xususiyatlaridan turli kasalliklarni davolovchi vosita sifatida tabobatda keng foydalanish toʻgʻrisida ma'lumot keltirilgan.

Sanoat va ishlab chiqarish korxonalar faoliyatini boshqarish, ularda sodir bo`ladigan texnogen hodisalar va ulardan ajraladigan zaharli gazlarning o`simliklar qoplami va hayvonot dunyosiga ta`sirini o`rganish va ularni himoya qilishning istiqbolli yechimlarini ishlab chiqishdan iborat.

Issiqxona tuprog'ida bodring o'simliklarining o'sishi va rivojlanishiga tuproq siyanobakteriyalari va yashil suv o'tlarining ta'siri o'rganildi. O'simliklarni siyanobakteriyalar bilan davolash salbiy (16,5 kg) va ijobiy (31,1 kg) nazoratga nisbatan hosilni 47,2 kg ga oshirish bilan baholangan eng katta ta'sirga ega edi.

Ushbu ilmiy ishda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi hududida tarqalgan o‘ziga xos flora va fauna turlarining holati, ularni saqlab qolish va qayta tiklash bilan bog‘liq muammolar hamda bu boradagi istiqbolli yo‘nalishlar tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda biologik xilma-xillikni muhofaza qilishning dolzarb jihatlari, zamonaviy yondashuvlar va xalqaro tajriba asosida ishlab chiqilgan takliflar asosida ekologik barqarorlikni ta’minlash masalalari yoritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Xorazm viloyatidagi mahalliy daraxtlarning sizot suvining chuqurligiga ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, mahalliy daraxt turlari, xususan, tol, jiyda, terak va boshqa daraxtlar sizot suvining sathini tartibga solishda muhim ekologik rol o‘ynaydi. Daraxtlarning ildiz tizimi orqali suvni transpirasiyalab chiqarishi tufayli yerosti suvlarining haddan tashqari ko‘tarilishining oldi olinadi, bu esa sho‘rlanish va yer degradatsiyasi xavfini kamaytiradi.

Ushbu tezisda, Xorazm viloyati iqlimiga moslashtirilgan Sophora japonica daraxtining iqlimga moslashuvchanlik, barg qalinligi, o’sish va rivojlanishi va boshqa bioekologik xususiyatlari keltirilgan

В работе  приведены сведения экологической приуроченности галофитных сообщества как одного из распространенных антропогенно- измененных в растительном покрове дельты Амударьи. Актуальным остаются проблемы формирование галофитов сообществ, связанных с вторичным засолением земель.

Ushbu tezisda Artioshok o‘simligining sistematikasi va uning morfologiyasi ya’ni barglari, guli, urugʻi, mevasining tuzilishi va kimyoviy tarkibi haqida ma’lumotlar berib o‘tilgan.

Xorazm viloyati allyuvial tuiproqlari sharoitida Pyrrhocoris apterus L. ning  tanasining uzunligi, erkagi va urg’ochilarining asosiy farqlari, qanday tuproqlarda uchrashi, bioxilma-xillika ta’siri hamda bioekologik xususiyatlari to’g’risida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada BMTTD va Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi hukumatining to‘qaylarni saqlash bo‘yicha qo‘shma loyihasini amalga oshirish natijasida olingan tajriba tahlil qilinadi. Baday-to‘qay qo‘riqxonasini muhofazalanadigan tabiiy hududning biosfera rezervati shaklida qayta tashkil etilishining maqsadga muvofiqligi va afzalliklari muhokama qilinadi. Maqolada toʻqaylarni muhofaza qilishni tashkil etishda yangicha yondashuv natijasida ijobiy oʻzgarishlarni koʻrsatuvchi tadqiqot maʼlumotlari, shuningdek, tabiatga zarar yetkazmasdan mahalliy aholi faoliyatini rivojlantirish istiqbollari keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Xorazm viloyatida mahalliylashtirilgan, ko’kalamzorlashtirish uchun ekiladigan Thuja occidentalis daraxtining ekologik, estetik va iqtisodiy ahamiyati to’g’risida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Xorazm vohasi Amudaryoning qadimgi delta tuzilmalarida janubi-gʻarbda Qoraqum qumli choʻllari va shimoli-sharqda Qizilqum choʻllari oraligʻida joylashgan. Xorazm vohasining geografik sharoiti unumdor tuproqlari, oʻsimliklari, qulay gidrogeologik sharoiti va iqlimi bilan atrofdagi taqir choʻllardan keskin farq qiladi. Xorazm vohasi choʻl zonasida, Amudaryoning quyi oqimida, uning allyuvial-delta tekisliklarida joylashgan.

Xorazm viloyati allyuvial tuiproqlari sharoitida g’oza agrosenozida Podura minutaning turli xil mexanik tarkibli tuproqlarda uchrashi, bioxilma-xillikka ta’siri hamda bioekologik xususiyatlari to’g’risida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada ondatra (Ondatra zibethicus) populyatsiyasining tabiiy ekotizimlardagi ekologik funksiyalari, ularning biotopga ta’siri va boshqa biologik turlarga bo‘lgan o‘zaro munosabatlari tahlil qilinadi

mazkur maqolada Orol bo‘yi hududi tuproq-iqlim sharoitida krotalariya urug‘ini ekish oldidan 1,0 t/l me’yorida Geogumat stimulyatori bilan ishlov berib ekib, amal davri davomida NPK-20% o‘g‘itini suspenziya shaklida shonalash va gullash davrlarida gektariga 1,5 kg me’yorda qo‘llaganda o‘simlikni o‘sib rivojlanishi jadallashishi hisobiga gektaridan 7,8-15,8 sentnergacha yuqori poya hosili yetishtirish ilmiy asoslab berilgan.

Xorazm viloyatida termitlar bilan kuchli zararlangan uylarni aniqlash bo‘yicha olib borilgan dala tadqiqotlari natijalari bayon etilgan. Termitlar asosan uylardagi isitish trubalari atrofiga to‘planib, sellyulozali materiallarga zarar yetkazayotgani aniqlangan. Ushbu holatlar termitlarning nam va issiq muhitga moslashgan yashirin hayot tarzini ko‘rsatadi. Tadqiqot natijalari termitlarga qarshi ekologik xavfsiz kurash usullarini qo‘llash va doimiy monitoringni amalga oshirish zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.

hbu maqolada Asteraceae oilasining Cardueae tribasiga mansub dorivor o‘simliklar haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar berilgan. Maqolada Centaurea L., Echinops L., Cirsium Mill., Carduus L., Onopordum L., va Dolomiaea DC. kabi o‘simlik turkumlariga oid turlar, ularning taksonomik tarkibi va dorivorlik xususiyatlari yoritilgan. Har bir turkumga xos bo‘lgan biologik faol moddalar va ularning tibbiyot hamda xalq tabobatidagi ahamiyati ilmiy asosda tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, bu o‘simliklar jigar, qon aylanishi, immun tizimi, asab va ovqat hazm qilish tizimi kasalliklarini davolashda samarali vosita sifatida qo‘llanilishi mumkin. Mazkur o‘simliklarning kimyoviy tarkibini chuqur o‘rganish ularning farmakologik qo‘llanilishini kengaytirish imkonini beradi.

Xorazm milliy tabiat bog‘i flora va faunasida olib borilayotgan ilmiy ishlar, o’zgarishlar to’g’risida  ma’lumotlar berilgan. 

Хоразм вилоятининг суғориладиган ўтлоқи аллювиал тупроқлари шароитида бажарилган тажрибада анғизга экилган маккажўхорининг NDVI кўрсаткичи вегетация давомида 0,50 гача ошган. Минерал ўғит N₁₅₀P₇₅K₅₀ дан N₂₁₀P₁₀₅K₇₀ меъёрда кўлланилганда, ўсимлик ривожининг V6 фазасида ўлчанган NDVI кўрсаткичи ва дон ҳосили орасидаги корреляцион боғлиқликлар ўрта ва юқори даражада, ўсимлик ривожининг V10 фазасида эса юқори (R²>0,730) даражада эканлигини аниқланди. Такрорий экин сифатида маккажўхори етиштиришнинг агротехнологиясини мақбул бошқаришда вегетация бошидан NDVI ни ўлчаш орқали ўсимликнинг дуркун/суст ўсиши ва ривожланишини мониторинг қилиш мумкин.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы состояния биоразнообразия фауны на территории Комплексного (ландшафтного) заказника «Сайгачий». Трансформация местообитаний приводит и к угрозе сокращения видового богатства, численности, ареалов многих видов животных и растений. Видовое разнообразие и динамика численности популяций млекопитающих являются основным этапом эволюционного процесса, что представляет большой научный и практический интерес.

В статье рассматриваются результаты экологического анализа структуры мелких млекопитающих на опт по видовому составу и относительному обилию разных видов. Установлено, что переход от устойчивых сообществ к менее устойчивым часто происходит при нехарактерном изменении численности и распределения видов вследствие действия дестабилизирующих факторов.

Diversification of a variety of agricultural crops on moderately saline land helps to increase the productivity of agricultural products, which significantly increases the income of farmers. To date, due to the development of environmental and economic situations, issues of the production potential of various environmentally specialized plants are studied based on the adaptive strategy, the formation of the natural environment and the use of environmental optimization functions. All this requires constant attention to the environmental situation in the region and scientifically based measures aimed at maintaining and increasing the natural potential and fertility of the soil cover.

Chumolilar aqlli jonzot ham sanaladi. Eshikbon chumolilarning boshining kattaligi uyaning og‘zi bilan bir o‘lchamda bo‘ladi. Chumolilar tuproqda, toshlar ostida, chiriyotgan daraxtlar tanasiga (yogʻochxoʻr chumolilar) uya quradi. Baʼzan tomi yer yuzasiga konus shaklida chiqib turadigan qilib, quruq shoxlardan uya yasaydi. Chumolilar tuproqda juda murakkab, koʻp kamerali in quradi

Ushbu maqolada Xorazm viloyati tuproq-iqlim sharoitida yumshoq bug‘doyning Markaziy Osiyo va Qozog‘iston selektsiyasiga mansub Durdona, Vostorg, Starshina, Kamol, Sila, Ayvina, Nikifor//Kroshka, Adyr, Kasiet, Vlada kabi navlarining sifat ko‘rsatkichlaridan umumiy oqsil miqdori bo‘yicha olib borilgan tadqiqot natijalari keltirilgan.

Butun dunyoda suv va tuproq sho‘rlanish darajasi har xil bo‘lgan chekka hudud tuproqlarida almashlab ekishda sho‘r va qurg‘oqchilikka chidamli muqobil o‘simliklarni qo‘llash yoki bunday sharoitda yetishtirish qiyin yoki imkonsiz bo‘lgan an‘anaviy ekinlarni almashtirish maqsadga muvofiq deb hisoblanmoqda. So‘nggi yillarda dunyo miqosida agrosenozlardagi yuqoridagi kabi muammolarni hal etishda quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) psevdodon o‘simligiga e‘tibor kuchaymoqda. Bu o‘simlikdan ekstremal tuproq va iqlim sharoitlariga yaxshi moslashgan ko‘p maqsadli agrosanoat ekinlari sifatida foydalanish mumkin

Бозор иқтисодиёти билан боғлиқ аграр ислоҳотларнинг асосий негизини ер ислоҳоти ташкил этади. Бунда албатта ерларни баҳолаш, маълумотлари муҳим амалий аҳамиятга эга бўлади ва бу ўз навбатида Мамлакатимизда “Рақамли Ўзбекистон – 2030” стратегиясини амалга оширишимиз учун асосий пойдевор бўлиб хизмат қилади.

Xorazm viloyati iqlimi quruq va tuproq muhiti (pH) ishqori bo‘lgan sharoitda sholining (Oryza Sativa L) turini yetishtirish ilmiy xodimlar, fermerlar va magistrlar uchun fundamental manbai bo’la oladi. Bundan tashqari tarkibida temir, E vitamini, antioksidantlar, qalsiy, magniy va sink manbaiga boyligi bilan ahamiyatlidir.

Qishloq xo‘jaligida yer resurslaridan samarali foydalanish va barqaror hosildorlikni ta’minlash dolzarb muammo hisoblanadi. Aralash ekinlar tizimi – bir maydonda bir vaqtning o‘zida ikki yoki undan ortiq ekin turlarini yetishtirish. Xorazm vohasi o‘tloqi allyuvial tuproqlarida tarvuz, pomidor va kartoshka navlarini aralash ekish usulining agrotexnologik jihatlari va iqtisodiy samaradorligi tadqiq qilingan. Tadqiqotda aralash ekin yetishtirish turlari, qatorlararo, aralash ekish sxemalari qoʻllanilib, ularning oʻsish dinamikasi, hosildorlik darajasi, suv va ozuqa moddalaridan foydalanish samaradorligi o‘rganilgan. Natijalarga koʻra, aralash ekish tizimi yer maydonidan unumli foydalanish, tuproq unumdorligini oshirish va zararkunandalarga chidamlilikni kuchaytirish imkonini beradi

Makkajo‘xorining don hosildorligi, Xorazm vohasi sharoitida makkajo‘xorini tup qalinligini aniqlash, makkajo‘xorini asosiy ekin sifatida ekish, don mahsuldorligini o‘rganish.

Ushbu maqolada Xorazm vohasi sharoitida gʻoʻza (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ildiz tizimi rivojlanishiga azotli oʻgʻitlar meʼyorining taʼsiri oʻrganildi. Tadqiqot natijasida oʻrtacha darajadagi azotli oʻgʻitlar qoʻllanilishi ildiz uzunligi, sirt maydoni va biomassasini sezilarli darajada oshirishi aniqlangan. Bu esa oʻsimlikning yer usti biomassasi va hosildorligiga ijobiy taʼsir koʻrsatadi. Shuningdek, yuqori darajadagi azotli oʻgʻitlar qoʻllanilishi ildiz rivojlanishini susaytirishi va hosildorlikka salbiy taʼsir koʻrsatishi mumkinligi qayd etildi. Tadqiqotlarning natijalariga asoslanib, gʻoʻza yetishtirishda oʻgʻitlash meʼyorini toʻgʻri belgilash, ekinlarning optimallashtirilgan rivojlanishiga erishish uchun muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligi taʼkidlangan.

Iqlim o‘zgarishi qishloq xo‘jaligi tizimlariga jiddiy ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Hosildorlikdagi o‘zgarishlarni tahlil qilish va prognoz qilish uchun matematik modellashtirish tizimlari, xususan DSSAT va AquaCrop modellaridan keng foydalanilmoqda. Ushbu sharhda har ikkala modelning imkoniyatlari, cheklovlari va ularning iqlim ssenariylari ostida ekinlar hosildorligini baholashdagi samaradorligi tahlil etiladi.

Maqolada Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi qishloq xo'jaligidagi yutuq va kamchiliklari bayon etilgan bo'lib, bunda Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi dehqonchilik tarmoqlari xususan paxtachilik, donli ekinlar haqida ma'lumotlar keltirilib o'tilgan. Dehqonchilik yerlaridan qanday darajada hosil olinishi yoritib berilgan.

This paper investigates how simile usage and structure in Uzbek and English poetry are influenced by culture. Simile is a stylistic device that expresses ingrained cultural beliefs, customs, and worldviews in addition to language choices. The study aims to demonstrate how language and culture interact in literary expression by highlighting both universal tendencies and culturally particular elements in simile usage through comparative analysis.

В статье рассматриваются паремиологические единицы каракалпакского языка, их структурные особенности и компонентный состав (двухкомпонентные и многокомпонентные паремиологические единицы), а также приводятся примеры, выраженные формой простых и сложных предложений.

Sholi o’simligini hosildorligini oshirishda, “Iskandar” va “Guliston” navlari tanlab, takroriy sholi navlari ko‘chat usulida ekish, dala tajribalarni joylashtirish va kuzatish jarayonlarini olib borish

Iqlim o‘zgarishi qishloq xo‘jaligiga, ayniqsa don ekinlari, jumladan, kuzgi bug‘doyning o‘sishi va hosildorligiga jiddiy ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda. Ushbu tadqiqotda DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) modeli asosida iqlim o‘zgarishi sharoitida kuzgi bug‘doy navlarining o‘sishi va rivojlanish ko‘rsatkichlarini modellashtirilgan, shuningdek, hosildorlikka ta’sir etuvchi omillarni baholangan. Tadqiqot natijalari agrotexnologiyalarni rejalashtirish, hududiy sharoitga mos va iqlim o‘zgarishiga chidamli navlarni tanlash, samarali resurslar boshqaruvini amalga oshirish, hamda oziq-ovqat xavfsizligini ta’minlashda amaliy ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Maqolada g‘o‘zaga zarar yetkazadigan hasharot Bemisia tabaci Genn. haqida gap boradi. To‘g‘ri g‘o‘zaga zarar yetkazadigan hasharotlar ko‘p va turli tuman ammo ko‘pchiligi tunlamlar ya’ni kapalaklar ularning qurtlari bo‘lsa bu maqoladagi Bemisia tabaci, Teng qanotlilar turkumi (Homoptera) vakili bo‘lib, u g‘o‘zaga zarar yetkazishi, bioekologik xusisiyatlari va unga qarshi kurash choralari ochib berilgan.

Jo‘xori (Sorghum bicolor L.) — iqlim o‘zgarishlariga bardoshli, ko‘p maqsadli donli ekin hisoblanadi. Uning o‘suv davridagi fenologik bosqichlarini to‘g‘ri aniqlash agrotexnik tadbirlarni rejalashtirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Ushbu maqolada jo‘xorining vegetativ, generativ va fiziologik pishish davrlariga asoslangan 10 ta rivojlanish fazasi morfologik belgilar, fiziologik ehtiyojlar va stressga sezuvchanlik nuqtai nazaridan tavsiflanadi. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston sharoitida samarali yetishtirish uchun amaliy tavsiyalar beriladi.

Bizga ma`lumki, qishloq xo`jalik o`simliklaridan yuqori va barqaror hosil olish uchun muayyan o`simlik navlarining bioekologik xususiyatlarini inobatga olgan holda agrotexnik tadbirlarni o`z muddatlarida sifatli qilib o`tkazmoq ayni muddao hisoblanadi. Sholg`om nafaqat oziqa sifatida ishlatiladi,uning tarkibida nafas organlari kasalliklariga hamda ko`z kasalliklariga shifo bo`luvchi kimyoviy moddalar borligi uchun dorivor o`simlik sifatida xam undan foydalaniladi. “Namangan mahalliysi”, “Samarqand mahalliysi” kabi sholg`om navlarining  hosildorligiga  ekish muddatlarining ta`sirini  o`rganish orqali sholg`omdan yuqori va sifatli hosil olish.

Qishloq xo`jalik ekinlarining zararkunanda organizmlarini oldindan bashorat qilishning ahamiyati va zazarkunanda hasharotlarga qarshi kurashish usularini samaradorligi, ekologik toza mahsulot hamda yuqori va sifatli hosil olishning agrotexnik tadbirlari.

Phraseological units in the Uzbek language reflect the national spirit and the life experiences of the people. The word “do‘ppi” (traditional Uzbek skullcap) is one of the key components in such phraseological expressions. It appears in numerous idioms, reflecting the cultural and social characteristics of the Uzbek people. This article analyzes phraseological units containing the word “do‘ppi,” exploring their meanings, usage contexts, and national features. These expressions not only highlight the richness of the Uzbek language, but also embody the way of life and values of the nation.

Qora turp (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger) – turli iqlim sharoitlarida yetishtiriladigan ildizmevali o‘simlik bo‘lib, qadim zamonlardan beri oziq-ovqat va dorivor maqsadlarda ishlatib kelingan. Ushbu maqolada qora turp (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger) o‘simligining oziqaviy, shifobaxsh va biologik faol xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Qora turp tarkibidagi muhim vitaminlar, minerallar va bioaktiv birikmalar uni nafaqat oziq-ovqat, balki tibbiyotda keng qo‘llaniladigan dorivor o‘simlik sifatida qaraladi. Tadqiqotda uning jigar faoliyatini yaxshilash, safro haydovchi, yallig‘lanishga qarshi va immun tizimini mustahkamlovchi ta’sirlari ilmiy adabiyotlar asosida tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, qora turpning tarkibiy qismlarining inson salomatligiga foydali xususiyatlari va qo‘llanilishi yoritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada qishloq xo‘jalik chiqindilarini kompostlash orqali biogumus olish texnologiyasi yoritilgan. Biogumusning tarkibi, tayyorlanish bosqichlari, tuproq unumdorligini oshirishdagi o‘rni va ekologik ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Uning dehqonchilikdagi amaliy qiymati ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan.

Maqolada Xorazm viloyati sharoitida kungaboqarning  NS OLIVA F1va KK-60 navlarining poya balandligini o’sishi dinamikasini o’rganish borasida olib borilayotgan ilmiy izlanishlar natijalari keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada bug‘doyning asosiy zararkunandasi (Haplothrips tritici kurd) vakilining bioekalogiyasi morfologiyasi va ularga qarshi kurashishda entamafaglarning ahamiyati haqida umumiy ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Xorazm viloyati sharoitida danakli mevalarda uchraydigan zamburug‘ kasalliklari va shaftoli daraxtining fenologik fazalari o‘rganilgan.

Maqolada Aegilops L. (Qasmaldoq) turkumiga kiruvchi ayrim turlar: Aegilops trinucalis L., Aegilops cylindrica Host., Aegilops tauschii Coss., Aegilops crassa Boiss. turlari urugʻlarining turli harorat diapazonida unuvchanligi oʻrganildi. Oʻrganganilgan turlar past haroratda (5^oC) urugʻlarning rivojlanishi uzoq vaqtni talab qildi. Yuqori haroratda esa (35 ^oC) urugʻlarning unishi uchun yuqori namlik talab qilindi va bu harorat diapazonida ham urugʻlarning rivojlanishi uchun birmuncha koʻproq vaqt talab qildi. Urugʻlarning unib chiqishi uchun optimal harorat 20-25 ^oC ekanligi aniqlandi.

Maqolada Xorazm viloyati sharoitida O‘zbekistonda qadimdan yetishtirib kelingan mahalliy bug‘doy nav namunalarining ko‘chat qalinligi va tuplashiga ekish muddati va me’yorining ta’sirini o‘rganish borasida olib borilayotgan ilmiy izlanishlar natijalari keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada sudon o’tining urug’larini dala sharoitida unuvchanliga ekish sxemasi va biostimulyatorlar me’yorining ta’siri o’rganildi. Fertilays biostimulyatori etolon sifatida gektariga 0.7l qo’llash urug’larning unuvchanligiga ijobiy natija berganligi aniqlangan  bo’lib, Geogumantning gektariga 1.2l qo’llagan me’yor o’simlik urug’larini unuvchanligiga ijabiy tasir berganligi olib borilgan tajribalarda aniqlandi.

Dukkaklilar ichida no’xat o’simligi havo va tuproq iqlim sharoitlariga, qurg’oqchiligiga eng chidamli o’simliklardan biri hisoblanadi. Xorazm viloyati sharoitida no’xat o’simligi 2020 - 2023 yillarda tatqiqod maqsadida ekilgan navlari biologik va ekologik hususiyatlariga ko’ra o’sib - rivojlanishi, xosildorligi samarali ekanligi aniqlandi. O’rta Osiyo sharoitida no’xat asosan lalmi xududlarda ekiladi. Lalmi xududlarda no’xatdan olinidagan hosil bahordagi namgarchillikka bog’liq bo’ladi.

Qovoq – dunyo boʻylab yetishtiriladigan muhim oziq-ovqat va dorivor oʻsimlik hisoblanadi. Uning mevasi, urug‘i, gullari, bargi va poyasi inson salomatligi uchun koʻplab foydali moddalarni oʻz ichiga oladi. Ushbu maqolada qovoqning kimyoviy tarkibi, dorivor xususiyatlari, oziq-ovqat sanoatida qoʻllanilishi va anʼanaviy tibbiyotdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada sudon o’tining poya balandligi va barg soniga  ekish sxemasi va biostimulyatorlar me’yorining ta’siri, sudon o’tining poya balandligi, barglar soniga Geogumantning gektariga 1.2 l qo’llagan me’yor o’simlik poyasining bo’yi, barg soni va har o’rimdan keyin tup soniga ham ijobiy ta’sir berganligi olib borilgan tajribalarda aniqlandi. Fertilayf biostimulyatori etolon sifatida gektariga 0.7l qo’llash ijobiy natija berganligi aniqlangan.

Ushbu maqolada turli ekish va ma’dan o‘g‘it me’yorlarining tuproqning agrokimiyaviy xossalariga ta’siri o‘rganilgan bo‘lib,  natijalarga ko‘ra, amal davri oxirida gektariga 10 kg ekilgan va turli darajada o‘g‘it qo‘llanilgan variantlarda gumus miqdorining 0,005-0,002 ga, azot 0,001-0,005 ga kamaygan bo‘lsa, gektariga 14 va 18 kg ekilgan turli me’yorlarda o‘g‘it qo‘llanilgan variantlarga nisbatan gumus miqdori 0,001-0,008 %, azot miqdori 0,003-0,005 % ga oshganligi ilmiy izohlab berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasining o‘rtacha sho‘rlangan, o‘tloqi-allyuvial tuproqlari sharoitida sug‘orish tartiblarini asosiy va takroriy ekin sifatida parvarishlangan makkajo‘xorining “O‘zbekiston-601 ESV”, “Qorasuv-350 AMV” va “O‘zbekiston-300 MV” duragaylarining don hosildorligiga ta’siri bo‘yicha tadqiqot natijalari keltirilgan.

Мақолада Хоразм вилоятининг суғориладиган ўтлоқи аллювиал тупроқлари шароитида бажарилган дала тажрибасида асосий экинда етиштирилган Ўзбекистон 601 ЕСВ дурагайи дон ҳосилига минерал ўғит меъёрларининг таъсири бўйича маълумотлар келтирилган.

Ushbu maqolada sudon o’tining chinbayskaya-8 navining qo’shimcha poyalar hosil qilishiga  Geogumat biostimulyatorining gektariga  1.2 l me’yorida qo’llash boshqa me’yorlaga nisbatan ijobiy natija berganligi olib borilgan tajribada isbotlandi. Etolon qilib olingan  Fertilayf biostimulyatorining gektaoriga 0.7 l me’yorida qo’llash tajribalarda ijobiy natija bergan.

Ushbu maqolada sug’oriladigan o’tloqli allyuvial tuproqlari sharoitida takroriy ekin sifatida  mosh   yetishtirishning o’ziga xos xususiyatlari, tuproq unumdorligini oshirirsh va oziq-ovqat havfsizligini ta`minlash haqida bayon qilingan.

Ушбу мақолада келтирилган дала  тажрибасида республикамиз селекционер олимлари томонидан яратилган ва районлаштирилиб экилиб келинаётган ғўза навлари бўйича  ўсиши ва ривожланиши ҳамда ҳосилдорлиги кўп йиллик  кузатувлар натижасида олинган маълумотлар тўлиқ келтирилган. Ушбу олинган маълумотлар асосида вилоятимиз тупроқ иқлим шароитида мос ғўза навларини тўғри танлаш ва экишни режалаштириш имкони мавжуд.

Qishloq xo‘jaligida mikrobiologik inokulyantlardan foydalanish iqlim o‘zgarishiga chidamlilikni oshirishda, resurslardan samarali foydalanishda ekologik toza va barqaror mahsuldorlikni ta’minlashning samarali usullaridan biridir. Ushbu tadqiqotda Bacillus subtilis va Azotobacter chroococcum bakteriyalarining o‘simliklar o‘sishi va qishloq xo‘jaligi ekinlarining hosildorligiga ta’siri o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari qishloq xoʻjaligi sohasida ekologik toza, iqtisodiy jihatdan samarali va barqaror mahsulot yetishtirishda amaliy ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Ushbu maqolada Medicago sativa o’simligining umumiy zararkunandalari hamda ularga qarshi kurash choralarining turli mamlakatlardagi kurash choralari haqida ma’lumotlar berib o’tilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Medicago sativa o’simligining umumiy zararkunandalari hamda ularga qarshi kurash choralarining turli mamlakatlardagi kurash choralari haqida ma’lumotlar berib o’tilgan.

Qishloq xoʻjaligi sohasini rivojlantirishda noan’anaviy va resurs tejamkor texnologiyalardan foydalanishda suv tejovchi texnologialarning oʻrni beqiyos. Ushbu maqolada gulchilik va koʻchatchilik sohasini rivojlantirish maqsadida zamonaviy texnologiyalarni qoʻllash haqida soʻz boradi.

Xozirgi vaqtga kelib eng ommalashib borayotgan sohalardan biri boʻlib, xar-bir tuman miqyosida gulchilik klasterlari va shirkatlari ish olib bormoqda. Bunda manzarali va xona gullarining maxalliy va xorijiy navlari yetishtirilib, xalqimiz e’tiboriga taqdim etib kelinmoqda. Import oʻrnini bosuvchi turli qimmatbaho gul navlarini oʻstirishga ham katta e’tibor qaratilmoqda.

Bu maqolada asosan gulchilik va koʻchatchilikni rivojiga katta hissa qoshadigan innovatsion gultuvakni ishlab chiqarishga tavsiya etish bo`yicha ilmiy yangiliklar keltirib o`tilgan.

Хоразм вилоятининг ўтлоқи аллювиал тупроқлари шароитида бажарилган дала тажрибасида такрорий экин сифатида етиштирилган Молдавский 257 СВ дурагайидан энг юқори дон ҳосили (44,5 ц/га) минерал ўғит N₁₇₅P₁₀₅K₇₀ кг/га меъёрда қўлланилганда эришилган.

Maqolada “Malika Ayyor” dostoni – xalq og‘zaki ijodining bebaho namunasi bo‘lib, unda qadimiy turkiy va islomiy mifologiyaga oid obrazlar, tushunchalar va timsollar kuchli badiiy shaklda ifodalangan. Doston voqealari mantiqiy tarixiy asosda rivojlansada, uning asosiy dramatik chizig‘ida ko‘plab mifologik unsurlar, sehrli voqealar, bashoratli tushlar, ilohiy belgilar hamda g‘ayritabiiy kuchlar muhim o‘rin egallaydi.Albatta, bu tanlangan mavzumizning dolzarbligini ifodalagan.

Maqolada buyuk alloma Abu Rayhon Beruniyning ilm-fanga qo‘shgan beqiyos hissasi, uning tabiatshunoslik, geografiya, astronomiya, geologiya, farmakologiya kabi ko‘plab fan sohalaridagi tadqiqotlari yoritilgan. Beruniyning asarlari bugungi ekologik muammolarni ilmiy asosda tahlil qilishga yordam beradi. 

This article examines the issues surrounding food security, identifies current problems, and analyzes ways to address them. The main objective is to develop effective strategies for ensuring food security and explore best practices in the field

This article explores the issues found in both human and machine translation such as direct translation, linguoculturological gap, but it also provides solutions with the assistance of the translation of the novel “The Prince and The Pauper”.