"ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI"
mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman
113
EXPLORING THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES IN LITERARY
TRANSLATION
Dadajanova Aziza Karimullayevna
Teacher, Foreign Philology faculty,
Department of English Linguistics,
The National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
azizahondadajanova@gmail.com
Annotation:
This article is devoted to the importance of literary translation in
intercultural communication, particularly, providing mutual communication through
literature. Hermeneutic aspects of translation enhances understandability of the text in
the target language created through hermeneutic analysis of the translator that was
made after reading the original text in the source language. As whatever translated can’t
be rendered without hermeneutic definition of the translator, all the occasions which
need it distinctly and the ways how to apply it have been offered in the foregoing
statements.
Key words
: Mutual communication through literature, hermeneutic aspects, the source
language,
proper
equivalent,
comprehensible
option,
speech
activity.
Annotatsiya:
Bu maqola adabiy tarjimaning xalqaro an’nanalarning
kommunikatsiyasini muhimligiga bahshlangan, shuningdek, adabiyot sababli bir
dilligka kelishish. Germanistik aspektlar tildagi tarjimaning sifatini va uning
tushunishni yengillashtirishni oshirish, germanistika orqali esa tarjimoning analitik
qobilyatni yetishtirishga tarjima qilingan tekstning o’qib chiqishdan keyin kelib
chiqadi. Hich qanday tarjima germanistik anqiliksiz amalga oshirolmayganligi sababli,
har bir holatda, uning kerakligi yaqol bilinib turadi, va quyidagi maqolada uning
qo’llanish uslublari keltirilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar:
adabiyot orqali bir dillik, germanistik aspektlar, tarjima
qilinyotgan til, hususiy tenglik, to’g’ri keluvchi misol, nutqiy mehnat.
Аннотация:
Эта статья посвящена важности литературного перевода в
межкультурной коммуникации, в частности, обеспечения взаимного общения
через литературу. Герменевтические аспекты перевода улучшают понятность
текста на целевом языке, созданного посредством герменевтического анализа
переводчика, который был сделан после прочтения исходного текста на исходном
языке. Поскольку любой переведенный текст не может быть воспроизведен без
герменевтического определения переводчика, все случаи, в которых он явно
нужен, и способы его применения были предложены в вышеупомянутых
утверждениях.
Ключевые слова
: взаимное общение через литературу, герменевтические
аспекты, исходный язык, собственный эквивалент, приемлемый вариант,
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Literary translation represents a significant form of intercultural communication,
addressing challenges that extend beyond the verbal level. The resolution of these
challenges often necessitates a compromise due to the multitude of complexities
involved. By facilitating mutual understanding through literature, translation serves as
a vital bridge between the Uzbek and English cultures, fostering opportunities for
individuals to engage with one another and contributing to the establishment of
peaceful relations.
In light of the inherent difficulties associated with the translation process, there is a
particular emphasis on further exploration of hermeneutic aspects. These aspects
constitute a fundamental component of the translation endeavor, enhancing the
comprehensibility of the text in the target language through the translator's hermeneutic
analysis, which is conducted after an in-depth reading of the original text in the source
language. Given that any translation cannot be effectively achieved without the
hermeneutic interpretation provided by the translator, the preceding discussion has
outlined specific instances where this interpretation is essential, as well as
methodologies for its application.
The hermeneutic approach is primarily employed to circumvent literal, word-for-word
translations, as it facilitates a more coherent and explicit rendering of the original
statements. Five main occasions requiring hermeneutic definitions have been
discovered through investigation and analysis in the process of translation. Definitions
are deployed in two methods, the first one reflects generalization, requiring to express
the general meaning of the source text by widening it in the target one, and the second
contains concretization where “the meaning prevailing in the source text is shortened
according to the context so as to make it explicit for the reader” [1; 384].
According to acquisition of successful literary translations suggestions to deploy
hermeneutic definition during translation are offered as follows:
Adequate examples from practical experience are being cited simultaneously beneath
to support all before mentioned. These examples are extracted from literature of
personal translation:
1. Translation of culture-specific items:
There have been discovered several methods essential in this solution.
•
to exchange them with proper equivalent.
•
to define them hermeneutically within the context representing the item by means
of transliteration or transcribing.
•
to define them hermeneutically by means of personal translation, domesticating on
the basis of its role in context.
•
By defining the item by means of a footnote, either with transcription or with
neutralization.
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2. Culture or national comprehension-related events and occasions which may
seem to be implicit to receptor;
3. When equivalence couldn’t be established for phraseological units, in case they
are found but don’t cohere with the context;
4. Proverbs or sayings pertaining to particular nationality and when there’s no
equivalent for them;
In some translation ridiculous occasion will be discovered while trying to translate
word for word as it could be possible to render this proverb only by means of proper
hermeneutic definition i.e. generalization respectively.
5. Expressions possessing emotional colouring;
Considering locally comprehensible option about harvest, this option has been
neutralized by preserving the basic content. The above-indicated five occasions
requiring hermeneutic definitions within the context now should be translated within
the context or if it is a culture-specific item or an event, then it can be hermeneutically
defined either within the context or by means of a footnote according to its essence in
the context.
What concerns the rest of the occasions such as units of emotional colouring,
phraseology and proverbs, they would rather be hermeneutically defined either by
means of concretization or generalization. One more point ending in a compromise
constantly and which regards hermeneutics is deemed to be foreignization and
domestication as the scholars haven’t established distinct solution yet. It’s been
preferred to add source-context based “neutralization” into their range. Supposedly it
will provide mediation between the theorists who are for domestication and whoever
against it. The point is that neutralization helps the translator to preserve both fidelity
according to the role of culture-specific items in the context and literary quality of the
target text as well as providing the translator invisibility in the text, infusing esthetic
pleasure to receptor.
After analyzing the literature translated and surveying many readers of foreign
literature, some essential conclusions have been drawn. There are four main options
essential in obtaining an adequate translation including equivalence, fidelity,
descriptive translation and freedom. The main personal point is that the translator
should mediate his attitudes towards them, basically approaching more to freedom and
descriptive translation which actually contains hermeneutic definition within. To attract
the reader one has to operate first in interest of the culture into which they are
translating so that the reader could relish the literary quality of the text. More vividly
the translator invisibility should prevail rather than his visibility.
As regards the culture-specific items which are almost impossible to translate
should be rendered by means of hermeneutic definition within the context according to
its role in it. The point is that “the reader can feel tired of continuous definitions which
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are usually given in the final part of the book or on the particular page beneath. But
translating by preserving grammatical or syntactical coherence with the source text
may occasion the target text to loose its literary quality as the sentence structure in two
languages can never be identical” [2;188]. Therefore the peculiarities of literary
translation worthy or unworthy special analysis and absolute fidelity have been divided
into two:
1. Internal or structural properties including linguistic approach i.e. phonetic,
syntactical, stylistic, morphological and etc. coherence which don’t require absolute
fidelity except some phonetic ones containing transliteration and transcriptions of
proper names and other culture-specific items. The point is that, in translation it’s
incorrect to transfer the modal verb into model verbs or exchange the plural with plural
and other incidentals. It will inhibit the process of natural-sounding of the translation
incapacitating the receptor’s esthetic pleasure.
2. External or content properties of translation which may contain cultural and social
(e.g. period which context of development relates to) value of the source text. Besides
they include orthographic, stylistic accuracy of the target text, maximum approach to
semantic content of the source text, neutralization between the target and source text
taking into consideration the context basis and pragmatic aspects as well as
hermeneutic ones.
Conclusion.
From all mentioned above, one can draw a conclusion that
hermeneutic aspects are essential not only in accuracy and literary quality of the target
text, but also in fidelity towards the source one and preserving its cultural and social
value. Being the basis of domestication and foreignization, “hermeneutic definition can
be utilized by means of neutralization as well to avoid all the possible compromises
between theorists relatively” [4;189]. Besides basic occasions requiring hermeneutic
approach have been established respectively most of which concerns preserving
cultural value of the source text in a way that literary quality, translator invisibility and
adequate fidelity can be provided in the target text. The point is that no matter what
type of translation we have, its basis is considered to be hermeneutics as it will prevent
word for word translation. In other words this interpretation will activate mutual
communication between the receptor and the target text at the same time enhancing
introduction with the foreign literature mirroring the way of life, culture, history and
etc. all of which concerns the nationality.
Hermeneutic definitions can assist to mediate the contrast available between two
different cultures and spiritual comprehension by interpreting what can not be
translated at the same time enhancing peaceful relationships, mutual understanding and
respect in national culture and literature.
The list of the used literature:
1. Влахов С., Флорин С. Непереводимое в переводе. Монография – М.: Высшая
"ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI"
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117
школа, 1986.
2. Комиссаров В.Н. Современное переводоведение. – М.: ЭТС, 1999.
3. Комиссаров В.Н., Рецкер А.И., Тархов В.И. Пособие по переводу с
английского языка на русский. – М.: Издательство литературы на
иностранных языках, 1960.
4. Крупнов В.Н. В творческой лаборатории переводчика. – М.:
Международные отношения, 1976.
5. Федоров А.В. Основы общей теории перевода. – М.: Высшая школа,1983.
UNGBOEVA, D., & DJUMABAEVA, J. (2023). The types of audiovisual authentic
materials and their usage in EFL classrooms.
Madiyorova, V. Q., Djumabayeva, J. S., & Bekmuradova, F. N. (2024). Translation and
Gender Through the Lens of Native and Foreign Translators: Case Study on the English
Translations of Uzbek Feministic Representations. Theory & Practice in Language
Studies (TPLS), 14(8).
