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The comparative analysis and characteristics of phraseologisms and idioms in
Uzbek and English languages
Dilnura Sattorova Musirmon Kizi
Third- year- student at the National University of Uzbekistan
named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Jalolova Shakhnoza Mukhamedjanovna
PhD, associate professor.
dilnurasattorova0515@gmail.com
+998908730915
Annotatsiya:
Mazkur maqola leksikologiyaning frazeologiyaga oid bo‘limiga
bag‘ishlanigan bo‘lib, unda ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi kiyim-kechak nomlari ishtirok
etgan frazeologik va idiomatik birliklar lingvomadaniy jihatdan qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi.
Shu bilan bir qatorda, har bir millatning mentaliteti, madaniyati, urf-odatlari va
an’analarini yaqqol ifodalovchi frazeologik vositalarning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari ikki
til (ingliz va o‘zbek tillari) nuqtai nazaridan ochib berilgan, hamda frazeologik birliklar
haqida muhim ma’lumotlar taqdim etiladi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
lingvomadaniy, idiomatik ifoda, leksikologiya, madaniyatlararo
muloqot, kognitiv yondashuv, tushunchaviy sohalar, frazeologik birliklar.
Annotation:
This article is dedicated to the section of lexicology concerning
phraseology. It presents a comparative linguacultural analysis of phraseological and
idiomatic units involving clothing names in English and Uzbek. Additionally, the
specific features of phraseological expressions that vividly reflect the mentality,
culture, customs, and traditions of each nation are revealed from the perspective of both
languages (English and Uzbek). The article also provides important information about
phraseological units.
Keywords:
linguacultural, idiomatic expression, lexicology, intercultural
communication, cognitive approach, conceptual domains, phraseological units.
Аннотация:
Данная статья посвящена разделу лексикологии, связанному
с фразеологией. В ней проводится сопоставительный лингвокультурный анализ
фразеологических и идиоматических единиц с названиями одежды в английском
и узбекском языках. Также раскрываются особенности фразеологических
средств, ярко отражающих менталитет, культуру, обычаи и традиции каждого
народа с точки зрения двух языков (английского и узбекского). В статье также
представлены важные сведения о фразеологических единицах.
Ключевые слова:
лингвокультурный, идиоматическое выражение,
лексикология, межкультурная коммуникация, когнитивный подход, сферы
концептов, фразеологические единицы.
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Linguacultural study is an interdisciplinary science that has developed at the
crossroads of cultural studies and linguistics. It investigates the complex relationship
between language and culture, including how this connection originates, evolves, and
manifests both within language structures and in broader social contexts.
Linguacultural studies aim to uncover how culture influences language use and how
language, in turn, reflects cultural identity and worldview. On the one hand, it explores
how human experience is embedded in linguistic expressions shaped by cultural norms,
and on the other hand, how individuals interact with and interpret language through the
lens of their cultural background.
Every language serves not only as a means of communication but also as a
repository of a nation’s historical memory, traditional lifestyle, values, geographical
environment, and collective notions many of which are subtly encoded in idioms and
expressions. Thus, language becomes a mirror of a people’s way of life. Foreign
language learners often face challenges in fully understanding the deeper meanings
behind phraseological expressions of another culture until they acquire knowledge of
that culture’s traditions, social behaviours, and patterns of thought [1]. Although a
substantial amount of research has been devoted to the grammatical, semantic, and
syntactic analysis of phraseological units, their study from a linguacultural perspective
examining how cultural elements are embedded in these expressions remains relatively
underdeveloped. Expanding this area of research is essential for a fuller understanding
of intercultural communication and effective language learning.
The intrinsic connection between language and culture was first articulated by
the German scholar Wilhelm Humboldt, who asserted that a person’s language reflects
the world in a way that brings it to life. He emphasized that language embodies the
identity of its speakers, encapsulating their way of life and cultural worldview [2].
Later, prominent scholars such as M.M.Pokrovsky, G.V.Stepanov,
A.A.Potebnya, D.S.Likhachev, Y.M.Lotman, and F.I.Busayev contributed significantly
to the development of linguocultural studies, laying the theoretical and scientific
foundation for this field. In Uzbek linguistics, pioneering contributions to
linguocultural studies were made by researchers such as Sh.Safarov,
D.Khudoyberganov, N.Mahmudov, and Sh.Usmanova. More recently, the comparative
study of Uzbek phraseology with other languages from a linguocultural and cognitive
perspective has gained dominance. Scholars like B.Safaraliyev, G.Bakiyeva, and
N.Nasrullayeva have explored the semantic classification of phraseological
expressions, categorizing them into conceptual domains such as religion, legend,
history, literature, geography, and national identity. Furthermore, Professor
A.Mamatov has examined phraseological units from a historical-etymological
standpoint, emphasizing that many idioms emerge from Uzbek cultural realities. He
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also notes the influence of both related and unrelated languages on Uzbek phraseology
through processes of borrowing and adaptation [3].
Indeed, the study of phraseology through a lingo-cultural lens is vital not only
for understanding language in its social and historical context but also for preserving
the intangible heritage encoded in expressions. Especially, in multilingual societies like
Uzbekistan, analysing how idioms reflect cultural values and historical experiences
enhances cross-cultural communication and deepens appreciation for the richness of
the native language. In English, idioms containing names of clothing and footwear
items are quite prevalent. These expressions have often existed for centuries, and in
many cases, their literal ties to clothing have faded, making their meanings harder to
decipher for language learners. To enhance understanding, here is given selected
idioms related to garments such as hats, belts, shoes, and gloves in Uzbek and English.
1.
One such idiom is
“Tighten your belt”
, which literally suggests pulling one’s
belt tighter but figuratively means to reduce spending or live more frugally, usually
during tough financial times.
“With rising prices, we’ll have to tighten our belts this year”.
2.
“Handle someone with kid gloves”
means to treat someone delicately or
cautiously. Kid gloves were historically made of soft leather, symbolizing gentleness.
“He’s very sensitive – his colleagues always handle him with kid gloves”.
3. The idiom
“Get something under your belt”
means to acquire experience,
knowledge, or an achievement. Though, it refers literally to consuming food or drink,
in modern usage it refers to accomplishments.
“Once you get a few more interviews under your belt, you’ll feel more
confident.”
When it comes to idioms in Uzbek language, there are many idioms related to
clothing names which convey metaphorical, inner meaning.
1.
“Bir yoqadan bosh chiqarmoq”
–
to be united,
to be unanimous
Aka-ukalar bir yoqadan bosh chiqarib harakat qilsa, maqsadlariga yanada tez
erishadilar.
2.
“To‘nini teskari kiyib oldi”
–
to be obstinate without turning off
Example:
Uning sovvuq muomalasi tufayli Saodat to‘nini teskari kiydi
.
3.
“Do‘ppisini osmonga otdi”
–
juda hursand bo’ldi, over happy.
Example:
Farzandli bo‘lganini eshitib do‘ppisini osmonga otdi
[4], [5].
These idioms show how clothing-related expressions in English can carry rich
metaphorical meanings that go far beyond their literal sense. Understanding their
historical and cultural backgrounds not only enhances comprehension but also brings
learners closer to the cultural mindset embedded in the language.
This study highlights the importance of idioms with adjective components in
English and Uzbek, an area that remains relatively understudied. Focusing on around
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ten clothing-related idioms, it explored how cultural identity shapes and is reflected in
language. Despite cultural differences, many adjective-based idioms in both languages
share similar meanings, often describing human qualities. Linguistic, semantic, and
morphological analyses, along with insights from leading linguists, support these
findings.
REFERENCES
1.
Sayidrahimova N., Qabulova U. Linguoculturology – a special field of
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2.
Humboldt W. Background. Language and philosophy. – M.: Cambridge
University press & Assessment, 1985. –169 b.
3.
Khodjayeva. N. The issues of stylistics on translation of historical costumes
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4.
Rahmatullayev Sh. O‘zbek tilining izohli frazeologik lug‘ati. – Toshkent:
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