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ACTIVITIES OF FEMALE SCIENTISTS, SCHOLARS IN THE RESEARCH OF
TIMUR STUDIES: CHRONOLOGY AND EDUCATION
Yakhshieva Zebo Rashidovna,
doctor of philology, (DSc), professor of Turon university
ORCID:
0009-0006-0973-6147
Abstract.
In this thesis compared the scientific and historical research conducted on the
Keywords.
Amir Temur, contrast, Yeldirim Boyazid, Oriental Studies, Temur’s laws, Empire
TEMURSHUNOSLIK ILMIDA OLIMALAR, ADIBALAR FAOLIYATI:
TADRIJ VA TA’LIM
Yaxshiyeva Zebo Rashidovna
,
Filologiya fanlari doktori, (DSc), Turon universiteti professori v.b
Annotatsiya.
Tesizda zabardast o‘zbek sarkardasi Amir Temur Ko‘ragon haqida ayol olima,
tarixshunos, adibalar tomonidan olib borilgan ilmiy, tarixiy va adabiy faoliyat o‘zaro qiyoslandi.
Ayniqsa, Sh. Sh. Alauyevaning “Amir Temurning ma’rifiy-tarbiyaviy qarashlari” mavzusidagi ilmiy
tadqiqoti rakursidan boshqa olimlar hamda sharqshunoslar asarlarida ilgari surilgan qarashlar
ma’lum bir tadrijiylikka keltirildi. Ilmiy izlanishlarni o‘zaro qiyoslash, xronologik, tipologik
qiyoslash asnosida yangi ilmiy xulosalar berishga intildik.
Kalit so‘zlar.
Amir Temur, kontrast, Yeldirim Boyazid, sharqshunoslik, temurshunoslik,
Temur tuzuklari, imperiya.
TİMUR ÇALIŞMALARI BİLİMİNDE ADİBALAR. BİLİM ADAMLARININ
FAALİYETLERİ: ÖĞRETİM VE EĞİTİM
Yaxshiyeva Zebo Rashidovna,
filoloji bilimleri doktoru, (DSc), Turon üniversitesi'nde profesör
Özet.
Tesiz'de kadın bilim adamı, tarihçi, adibaş'ın yürüttüğü bilimsel, tarihi ve edebi
faaliyetler, zabardast Özbek savaş ağası Amir Temur Koragon hakkında karşılaştırıldı. Özellikle,
Sh. Sh. Alauyeva'nın ” Amir Temur'un aydınlanmış görüşleri" adlı bilimsel çalışması, rakursi ve
Oryantalistler dışındaki akademisyenlerin eserlerindeki görüşleri belli bir evrimsel düzeye taşıdı.
Bilimsel araştırmanın çapraz incelenmesi, kronolojik, tipolojik karşılaştırma temelinde yeni
bilimsel sonuçlar çıkarmaya çalıştık.
Anahtar kelimeler.
Amir Temur, tezat, Yeldirim Boyazid, Doğu Çalışmaları, Timur
çalışmaları, Timur tuzakları, imparatorluk.
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ЖЕНЩИН-УЧЕНЫХ, ПИСАТЕЛЬНИЦЫ В ОБЛАСТИ
ТИМУРОВЕДЕНИЯ: ХРОНОЛОГИЯ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
Яхшиева Зебо Рашидовна,
доктор филологических наук, (DSc), профессор Туронского университета
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Аннотация.
В этом тезисе сравниваются научные и исторические исследования,
проведенные о великом узбекском завоевателе. Амире Тимуре. В частности, научное
исследование Ш. Ш. Алауевой Просвещенные взгляды Амира Тимура привело в определенную
последовательность взгляды, изложенные в работах других ученых-востоковедов из ее
круга. Мы стремились сделать новые научные выводы на основе перекрестного анализа
научных исследований, хронологического, типологического сравнения.
Ключевые слова.
Амир Тимур, контраст, Елдирим Боязид, востоковедение, законы
Тимура, Империя.
The study of historical figures, sources of thousands of researches, the main character of
fiction, facts for information about the activities and ways of life of the most prominent popular
commander of the Uzbek nation in statehood, Amir Temur undoubtedly interests representatives of
many scientific fields, such as history, literature, economics and art, law and politics.
Sh.Alauyeva’s scientific research work on the topic “The educational and vocational views
of Amir Temur” with a chronological, typological and comparative studies of the researches of a
number of previously created representatives of the scientific works written about the political
activities and The great Reign of Amir Temur are studied within two groups:
Firstly: the activities of scientists, historians and ambassadors who have been positive about
the policy pursued by the great poet, who studied it objectively in all respects. The activities of this
group include Giyosiddin Ali’s “Amir Temur’s diaries of the March to Hindustan” in the mystery of
works written in the spirit of the first historical praise. Also, the activity of Amir Temur was given
as a historical figure who could serve as an example and pride for his descendants in the historical
novels of Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi, Nizamiddin Shomi’s “Zafarnamas”, Muyinitdin Nazantiy, Hofizi
Abro, Abdurazzaq Samarkandiy and of course Alisher Navai, In the meantime, Rui Gonzalez de
Claviho, as ambassador and representative of King Henry III of Spain, can also be cited several
times from his meetings with the head of state, his impressions of him, his valuable information
about his country, his Queens and his court officials.[4,6]
It can be witnessed that both in correspondence with King Charles VI of France and with the
English King Henry IV and The Crown Prince Temurbek, and in the diaries of the ambassador-
Archbishop Johann and others who represented them, Amir Temur was held in high esteem. Among
Uzbek scientists, it is appropriate to cite a large number of owners of such scientific research. There
are many historical and literary scholars in Uzbek Temurid studies as B.Ahmedov, A.Ahmedov,
T.Fayziyev, Muhammad Ali, O.Yakubov and A.Oripov, I.Subhaniy. Among the Uzbek
historiographical scholars are Shohista O‘ljayeva, Durdona Rasulmuhammedova, Zulfiya
Pardayeva and D. Yusupova are considered well-known and loyal people[5].
Secondly: it is a study of works that aim to reform historical identity from a one-sided
negative point of view, the discrimination of which is negated by the demands of the policies of the
time in which or lived. In these impressions, Amir Temur is mainly assessed as an invader and
bloodthirsty lord, a politician who was forced to close his actions under the guise of the Conqueror
and religion, and a conqueror of great destruction, who plundered the lands he conquered.
But many male historians and scribes, such as Sergey Borodin, Friedrich Schlossberg, who
conducted a one-sided scientific activity among Orientalist historians, can be explained as obscene
from Oriental sources and relying on some negative visions of Ibn Arabshah, as far as the works of
Christopher Marlowe in English Literary Studies and Edward Gibbons in English-speaking poetry
fall into the ranks of works in which such a negative spirit is instilled. It is no hidden that they relied
on The Chronicles of the lands of Amir Temur’s conqueror activity among the Western sources of
such views, works watered with rumors of the Uyghur and Turkish people scattered over the defeat
of Yeldirim Boyazid.
On the other hand, we tried to complement the above considerations of this scientist, based
on our scientific research. Because, in the world of historiography and literary studies, such works
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have been created about this person that they feel the need to complement these views as a third
part. They put forward simultaneously positive views of Amir Temur-however, in some places
added to the errors of historical works, scholars limited to joining the above unsubstantiated
personal visions instead of ensuring impartiality. World Orientalists and writers, historian scholars
and policymakers include Eduard Gibbon, Hammer-Purgshtal, Max Muller, Lucien Keren and Jean
Paul, L.Lyangle and Beatrice Manz also on such a way that the activities of the Yakubovsky’s ideas
can be included in the works written. Scholars such as Herman Hamberry, Hilda Hookhem can also
find in their research the year and place of Birth of Amir Temur and his uneven meditations on
putting Yeldirim Boyazid in a cage prison. Taking into account the fact that even this vision in itself
could not fully reveal the issue, the contrast of this vision was written in order to negate the name of
Amir Temur-but in his reflections it will be necessary to study the series of scientific research,
which recognized his Justice and strong diplomacy, and also recognized even, as the owner of a
great military strategy Such historiographical scholars and writers were taught by Ibn Arabshah as
well as, L.Stroyeva. In the activities of such as Pugachenko, such imbalances are visible.
While most researchers also observe the edifying the truth about his real activitu and his life
summary mentioned in the “Temur’s laws”, views contained in them are those of Ibn al Mukaffa’s
“Kitab al-adab, al-Kabir”, Ibn Khutaiba’s “Uyun al-akhbor”, Al Johid’s “Kitab at-taj”, Nizam ul
Mulk's-“Politician”, Kaykofus’s “Kobusnoma”, Yusuf Khos Hajib’s “Kutadgu bilig”, Ahmad
Yugnakiy’s “Habatul haqoyiq” it seems to be comparable to.[1;9]. The need to clarify the field of
the study the conditions for the formation of the educational and educational ideas of Amir Temur,
to determine his place, not only as a statesman, but also as scientists capable of analyzing the
“Temur formations”, in the development of the educational thought of Amir Temur in Central Asia.
Also, revealing that the socio-philosophical thoughts of Amir Temur are the basis of his educational
and educational views, by bringing these views into one system and setting its main directions, the
development of recommendations on the upbringing of the younger generation can be the subject of
important scientific research that has faced young researchers at the time observing many studies,
the periodic and spatial development factors in Aries are listed in the narrative of the era of Amir
Temur. Although the Land of Movarounnahr has long been recognized as a land of skilled artisans,
in a narrow circle it is textiles, metalworking and binoculars, pottery is precisely the land that is
considered the livelihood of the inhabitants of the city. There has also been the practice of
patterning fabrics by women and the craft of jewelry, embroidery and Candace passed down from
generation to generation. Samarkand, on the other hand, was known to the world for its yarn, silk
fabrics and sewing and jewelry crafts. Herat, in turn, was skilled in making jewelry ornaments from
various precious metals, while Shakhrisabz and historical Kesh people were considered to supply
sweet dishes as well as non ready products. At the same time as the owners of such trades, biblical
arts such as the art of scripture, the transcribing of manuscript works, calligraphy and musicology
had developed in these nations. Works processed and copied by them were stored not only in
libraries, but also in treasures as unique and valuable properties. At the meetings of the people of
the palace and the people of science, they were eager to analyze and interpret them, to study the
essence of the sacrament. That was also the reason why Amir Temur personally built madrasas like
“Bibihonim”, “Muhammad Sultan” as a chieftain, aiming to increase the population by these
stydies. In particular, there were many leader wemen like Bibis who were involved in giving
knowledge to girls in their own minds, whose activities amounted to about a quarter of the
educational schools in the Land [2;19]. Schoolchildren who received their primary education, after
memorizing one-seventh of the “Haftiyak”, “Holy Koran”, continued their education in madrasas to
improve their knowledge. All the educated were brought up in the spirit of national and religious
traditions, and it can be said that the era of Amir Temur was rightfully one of the abodes of
religious and secular knowledge, the hearths of enlightenment and enlightenment.
Because they also learned from theology, hiccups(fiction), logic, mathematics
(mathematics), geometry (geometry), astronomy, medicine, history, geography, literature, Arabic,
and other secular subjects. In addition to the educated teacher, the short stories that convey the
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events they hear and see in an impressive and poetic way were engaged in secular events, bizarre
adventures, telling stories from history, art and literature. Through this, they gave thanks to the love
of their land in the hearts of young people, the formation of a state, its administration, the rational
and just policy of Amir Temur in relations between people and officials, the principles of
governance of head of the state with citizens, the ways of conducting diplomatic relations. Also, the
slogan “Power in Justice”, which was the main criterion of the policy of Amir Temur, was used in
meetings and gatherings, in the scientific research of Academician Ibrahim Muminov and Hilda
Hookhem, his work as a ruler of justice is studied.
References:
1.
Alaueva Sh. “The enlightened vision of Amir Temur”. pedac. con. diss diss. – Tashkent, 2006. –
B.9. (143)
2.
Ҳилда Ҳукҳем. Властителиь семи созвездии. – Тошкент: Адолат, 1994. – Б. 13. (320)
3.
Yakhshieva Z. Comparative Study Of Interpretations Of The Image Of Amir Temur In World
Literary Studies. Нововведения Современного Научного Развития в Эпоху Глобализации:
Проблемы и Решения. 2023.
4.
Yakhshieva Z.A. Comparative analysis of the image of Timur, which is covered in English
literature of the 16th century. Scientific Bulletin of Namangan State University, 2023.
5.
Yaxshiyeva Z.R. G‘arb va Sharq adabiyotida Amir Temur prototipi asossida yaratilgan asarlar
tadqiqi. O‘zbekiston: til va madaniyat. Adabiyotshunoslik. 2024 Vol. 1[2] ISSN 2181-92-2x.
www.literature.tssull.uz 120-138.
6.
Yaxshiyeva Z.R.
Jahon adabiyotshunosligida Amir Temur obrazi talqinlarining qiyosiy tadqiqi.
Нововведения современного научного развития в эпоху глобализации: Проблемы и
решения. Volume1. Essue 3.
