628
FUNCTION WORDS IN KARAKALPAK LANGUAGE
Jawgasharova Amina Alawaddinovna,
PhD student of Nukus state pedagogical institute
Abstract.
This article presents information about function words in Karakalpak language. It
gives exact definitions of function words, their grammatical features and the types of these words in
Karakalpak and other languages. Moreover, it defines the connection and relationship of function
words with other words in a sentence.
Keywords.
Function words, content words, auxiliary words, grammatical features, lexical
meaning.
QORAQALPOQ TÍLÍDAGÍ YORDAMCHÍ SO‘ZLAR
Jawgasharova Amina Alawaddinovna,
Nukus Davlat Pedagogika Instituti tayanch-doktaranti
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada qoraqalpoq tilidagi yordamchi so‘zlar haqida ma’lumot
berilgan. Yordamchi so‘zlarning aniq ta’rifi, grammatik xususiyatlari va turlari haqida qoraqalpoq
va boshqa tillarda berilgan. Bundan tashqari, yordamchi so‘zlarning gapdagi boshqa so‘zlar bilan
bog‘liqligi haqida aytilgan.
Kalit so‘zlar.
Yordamchi so‘zlar, ma’noli so‘zlar, yordamchi so‘z turkumlari, grammatik
xususiyatlar, leksik ma’no.
KARAKALPAK DÍLÍNDE YARDIMCI KELÍMELER
Jawgasharova Amina Alawaddinovna,
Nukus Devlet Pedagoji Enstitüsü Doktora öğrencisi
Özet.
Bu makalede Karakalpak dilindeki yardımcı kelimeler hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Yardıma sözcüklerin tam tanımları, dilbilgisel özellikleri ve bu sözcüklerin Karakalpakça ve diğer
dillerdeki türleri verilmiştir. Ayrıca, yardımcı sözcüklerin cümledeki diğer sözcüklerle bağlantısını
ve ilişkisini belirler.
Anahtar kelimeler.
Yardımcı sözcükler, iç sözcükler, yardımcı sözcükler, dilbilgisel
özellikler, sözcüksel anlam.
СЛУЖЕБНЫЕ СЛОВА В КАРАКАЛПАКСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Жаугашарова Амина Алауаддиновна
докторант Нукусского государственного педагогического института
Аннотация.
В данной статье представлена информация о вспомогательных словах в
каракалпакском языке. В ней даются точные определения служебных слов, их
грамматические особенности и типы этих слов в каракалпакском и других языках. Кроме
того, оно определяет связь и взаимоотношения служебных слов с другими словами в
предложении.
Ключевые слова.
служебные слова, содержательные слова, вспомогательные слова,
грамматические особенности, лексическое значение.
Function words are words that perform grammatical functions in language structure. In the
Karakalpak language, there are many types of function words that each of them has a different
629
function. They participate in connecting words and sentences, showing the relationship between
them, clarifying the meaning of individual words and adding additional meaning to them. [4,8b]
From the grammatical term "function word" we understand words that are not used
independently and have no lexical meaning or have lost their lexical meaning. Although such words
do not have a specific lexical meaning, they play a significant role in connecting the words in a
sentence, expressing the artistic use of thought, enhancing the meaning of words, and connecting
them [4,234b].
Function words are a type of part of speech that has lost its original lexical meaning and
definitively transitioned to auxiliary function. However, their lexical meanings have become
completely obscured over the last periods and their usage in the language faces with significant
changes. As a result, they lose their original lexical meanings and express only abstract grammatical
meanings [1,3b].
In some function words have more lexical meaning than grammatical meaning. Because the
lexical meanings of such auxiliary words are preserved in some sentences. Therefore, such groups
of function words are used either as content words that are included meaningful words or
sometimes as auxiliary words [3,381b].
In other sources and books of other old languages, the function words are also referred to as
auxiliary words or
Sap kómekshi sózler
in Karakalpak language.
It is clear that auxiliary words or simple function words are a grammatical category that was
established a long time ago in the language. From a historical perspective, all auxiliary words
originated from meaningful words, specifically from old singular nominal forms and verb forms.
Over time, through frequent usage and repeated combinations in phrases, these words have evolved
to be used in their current function [3,381b].
Simple function words refer to a group of auxiliary words that are not used independently
and have no lexical meaning on their own. They are added to meaningful words, contributing
various additional meanings and concisely connecting sentences [5,235b].
Thus, this definition that mentioned above is totally the same with the rule of function words
in Karakalpak language.
Function words are often morphologically immutable and do not possess the word formation
[5,541b].
Therefore, function words do not have a definite and stable meaning, but within a sentence
they combine the words with lexical meaning and perform a grammatical function.
Function words appear somewhat similar to case affixes in their usage. In other words some
function words are as similar as case affixes. However, they are distinguished from affixes by being
in the form of a single word [1,4b].
Some function words retain in their full lexical meaning. In such cases, these words are not
attached to other meaningful words instead of they can be used independently. There are the main
characteristics of function words:
1. They do not express a complete lexical meaning on their own as they are auxiliary
grammatical meaning is realized only when combined with meaningful words.
2. Function words do not change by adding word-changing and word-forming suffixes.
3. Function words are not as a sentence member.
Function words are divided into three categories based on their grammatical meaning and
function in Karakalpak language. They are
tirkewishler, danekerler, janapaylar
. [2.219] In English
they are like prepositions, conjunctions and auxiliary verbs. Therefore, even if function words do
not have a lexical meaning, they remain within the sentence. It connects simple sentences with other
sentence members and serves a grammatical function.
Function words are called in school grammar, as well as in some scientific works, only as
the words without a specific lexical meaning. They are the words “
Служебные части речи
”in the
Russian language is being taken as auxiliary or function words. Thus, function words are divided
into three categories:
tirkewish, dáneker, janapay
. However, in addition to these words, auxiliary
630
verbs and auxiliary nominative words are closely related to function words in their general
meaning, although they are considered among verbs and nouns [4,234b].
Thus, function words give grammatical information about other words in a sentence or
clause, and cannot be isolated from other words. Function words help us connect important
information. Function words can be critical for understanding, but they add little meaning beyond
defining the relationship between two words.
References:
1.
Dawenov E. Qaraqalpaq tilinde kómekshi sózler. – Nokis: “Bilim”, 1994.- 3-4 b.
2.
Dawletov A, Dawletov M, Qudaybergenov M. Házirgi qaraqalpaq ádebiy tili. – Nókis:
“Bilim”, - 219 b.
3.
Házirgi qaraqalpaq tili. Morfologiya. – Qaraqalpaqstan: “Nókis”, 1981. -8, 234-235 b.
4.
Isqaqov A. Házirgi qazaq tili. – “Almata”, 1974. – 381 b.
5.
Ózbek-tili grammatikasi I- tom. Morfologiya. “Tashkent”, 1975. -541 b.
