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THE DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERS OF THE NATIONAL LINGUISTIC
WORLDVIEW ON THE EXAMPLE OF KARAKALPAK
AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Muratbaeva Umida Taumuratovna,
PhD student at Karakalpak state university
Abstract.
Current interested doubted issue in Linguistics is the national linguistic worldview
that many cognitive linguists, ethnolinguistics, semiotics and philosophy of language are
investigation both national and world linguistic worldview. In essence, the national linguistic
worldview is a multidisciplinary concept that touches on how language shapes and depicts the
cultural and mental framework of a nation or community. Every single word spoken by a nation
shapes the basic understanding the nations’ notion for other language speakers, that is why it is
essential to be aware the representation of linguistic worldview.
Keywords.
National linguistic worldview, Karakalpak language, English language,
ethnolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, cultural semantics, Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
QORAQALPOQ VA INGLIZ TILLARI MISOLIDA MILLIY LINGVISTIK
DUNYOQARASHNING O‘ZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI
Muratbayeva Umida Taumuratovna,
doktorant, Qoraqalpoq davlat universiteti
Annotatsiya.
Hozirgi zamonaviy tilshunoslikda katta e’tibor qaratilayotgan masalalardan
biri bu milliy lingvistik dunyoqarashdir. Bu masala kognitiv tilshunoslik, etnolingvistika, semiotika
va til falsafasi sohalarida keng o‘rganilmoqda. Aslida, milliy lingvistik dunyoqarash — bu xalq yoki
jamiyatning madaniy va mental tasavvurini til orqali qanday aks ettirishini ifodalaydigan ko‘p fanli
tushunchadir. Har bir xalq tomonidan aytilgan so‘zlar boshqa tilli kishilar uchun shu xalq haqidagi
tasavvurni shakllantiradi. Shu sababli, lingvistik dunyoqarashning qanday aks ettirilganini anglash
muhim ahamiyatga ega.
Kalit so‘zlar.
Milliy lingvistik dunyoqarash, qoraqalpoq tili, ingliz tili, etnolingvistika,
kognitiv tilshunoslik, madaniy semantika, Sapir-Whorf gipotezasi.
KARAKALPAK VE İNGİLİZ DİLLERİ ÖRNEĞİNDE ULUSAL DİLSEL
DÜNYA GÖRÜŞÜNÜN BELİRGİN ÖZELLİKLERİ
Muratbayeva Umida Taumuratovna,
doktora öğrencisi, Karakalpak Devlet Üniversitesi
Özet.
Günümüzde dilbiliminin ilgi odağında olan konulardan biri, hem ulusal hem de
evrensel düzeyde dilsel dünya görüşünü inceleyen bilişsel dilbilim, etnodilbilim, göstergebilim ve
dil felsefesi gibi alanlar tarafından araştırılan ulusal dilsel dünya görüşüdür. Esasen, ulusal dilsel
dünya görüşü; bir toplumun ya da milletin kültürel ve zihinsel yapısının dil aracılığıyla nasıl
şekillendiğini ve yansıtıldığını ele alan çok disiplinli bir kavramdır. Her milletin söylediği her
kelime, o milletin diğer dil konuşurları tarafından nasıl algılandığını belirler. Bu nedenle, dilsel
dünya görüşünün temsili hakkında farkındalık sahibi olmak büyük önem taşır.
Anahtar kelimeler.
Ulusal dilsel dünya görüşü, Karakalpakça, İngilizce, etnodilbilim,
bilişsel dilbilim, kültürel semantik, Sapir-Whorf Hipotezi.
There is important point to figure out what the national and world linguistic worldview are,
how they impact on linguacultural life. The national linguistic worldview and the world linguistic
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worldview are concepts that describe how language shapes our understanding of the world. While
they are related, they differ in scope and focus. Let’s first look at the table below which depicts
main differences of both linguistic worldview:
Aspect
National Linguistic
Worldview
World Linguistic Worldview
Scope
Specific to a nation or
culture.
Global and comparative
Focus
Unique linguistic traits of a
language.
Commonalities and diversity across
languages [7;100].
Perspective
Localized, culturally
specific.
Universal and interdisciplinary
Examples Studied
Cultural idioms, metaphors,
and grammar unique to one
language.
Reflects the unique ways a
language organizes
concepts, categories, and
values.
Patterns and universals in all
languages. Focuses on the shared
cognitive and communicative
functions of language globally.
Analysis of the literature:
The investigation of the national linguistic worldview has been a
significant focus within linguistics and related fields like cultural studies, ethnolinguistics, and
cognitive linguistics. The national linguistic worldview explores how a particular culture interprets
the world through its language, while the world linguistic worldview examines how all human
languages contribute to a collective understanding of the world. The national linguistic worldview is
a concept reflecting the connection between language and a people's worldview. It is studied in
linguistic cultural studies, cognitive linguistics, and ethnolinguistics. This term was introduced into
scholarly discourse to denote a unique way of perceiving and interpreting the world through the
prism of language [4;17]. The national linguistic worldview has been paid attention to investigate
by number of linguistics, scholars like Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) who was one of the
earliest scholars to explore how language shapes worldview. He proposed that every language
reflects a unique way of understanding and interpreting reality as well as found on famous Concept
: *Weltansicht* (worldview) – The idea that language acts as a medium through which people
perceive and construct the world. In addition to that Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf (20th
century) that developed the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (Linguistic Relativity), which asserts that the
structure of a language influences its speakers' cognition and worldview. They explored how
different linguistic systems encode unique cultural perspectives. Moreover, Anna Wierzbicka, a
contemporary linguist who investigated the links between language, culture, and thought. Not only
she developed the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach to study how language reflects
cultural values and worldviews, but also explored cultural scripts embedded in specific languages,
revealing unique national perspectives [5; 134].
Another significant a German linguist Leo Weisgerber who introduced the term “linguistic
worldview” (*sprachliches Weltbild*). He argued that language acts as a mediator between humans
and reality, and that each language organizes concepts differently, forming a national linguistic
worldview.
Association with Ethnolinguistics and Cognitive Linguistics.
Ethnolinguists (e.g., Jerzy Bartmiński): Study the cultural and national-specific aspects of
language. Bartmiński's work focused on how linguistic expressions reflect the worldview of specific
communities.
Cognitive linguists (e.g., George Lakoff and Mark Johnson): Explored metaphor and conceptual
framing as a means of understanding cultural perspectives within language.
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Key figures like Wilhelm von Humboldt, Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Anna
Wierzbicka, and Leo Weisgerber have all significantly contributed to investigating the national
linguistic worldview, emphasizing how language, culture, and cognition intertwine to shape unique
perspectives of reality [6;298].
Research methodology:
Each language shapes its own worldview, which encompasses national values, traditions,
myths, beliefs, and ways of thinking. It is by the very nature of language that “a linguistic
worldview is created in the minds of its possessors, because it is through the prism of language that
one sees the world” [2; 45]. This means that a nation's way of seeing the world and the discipline of
perception are first and foremost reflected in the linguistic landscape of the world that belongs to
that nation. When we use language to visualize a linguistic landscape, the landscape is shaped by
the environment in which we live.
As for the linguistic representation of the world is constructed through linguocultural
constructs, which serve as key elements for a scholarly analysis of the linguistic worldview unique
to a specific speech community. The national linguistic worldview is a concept that reflects how a
particular nation or culture perceives, interprets, and organizes reality through its language. It
encompasses the unique characteristics, values, and worldview encoded in the vocabulary,
idiomatic expressions, and grammatical structures of a language [7; 101].
The exploration of the linguistic worldview is intrinsically linked to the conceptual
worldview, which encapsulates human experiences, interactions with their environment, and the
existential conditions they navigate. Analyzing the concept of the "linguistic worldview"—a
cognitive projection of the external reality onto human consciousness—along with related
terminologies, is essential. Broadly, the linguistic worldview encapsulates a shared repository of
culturally contextualized knowledge about the world, while the national linguistic worldview
reflects a historically developed framework of meanings specific to the collective consciousness of
a given nation.
Analysis and results:
It is natural to have distinctive features of the both languages as regarding for the linguistic
worldview as well as national linguistic worldview as both languages are not rooted from the same
language background. To illustrate that, Karakalpak language belongs to a Turkic language that
culture and language are deeply interwined with the historical, social and environmental context of
Central Asia; while English language belongs to West German language that originated in an early
medival England and has since become a global lingua franca. In addition to that, cultural identity
of Karakalpak emphasizes strong family bonds, respects for elders and communal livings as well as
language reflects this with numerous kindship terms and expressions denoting respect and collective
identity. There is unwritten rules in culture, for instance the brides can not call the name of the
family members of their husbands, they must tell their nicknames like
appaq qyz, erke qyz, suliw
qyz, kara koz, ay qyz, qaynapa
(the representation of female gender, words referring who are
relative or siblings of husband’s);
suliw jygyt, mirza aga, qaynaga
, (the representation of male
gender the words belonging to the huband’s brother)
, ene
(husband’s mother or mother-in-law)
,
ata
(husband’s father or father-in-law);
the mentioned words refer to the people who are relative,
siblings to husband that indicating respect. Above mentioned addressing words have been used for
a long time, as we can find out those words in ancient folk epics namely: Alpamish which covers
different periods and used the cultural heritage of the nation. There are given some examples to
prove that we can notice national linguistic worldview on the example of Karakalpak epic
“Alpamis”:
…Сол ўақта Айсанем орнынан өрре турып, Байсары байға қарап`-Ҳаў,
қайнаға,
мен
де өз кеўлимдегини айтып қалайын. [1;8] (brother-in-law)
…Байсарыдай байдың қызы Гүлбаршын,
Байбөридей байдың
келини
дер еди.
Гүлбаршындай
келин
ди [1;11] (kelin – a bride)
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Жалғызыңа неге өтирик сөйлейсең,
…Қуда
ң көшип кетпедиме елиңнен, [1;15] (the man who gives his daughter to your son)
…Қыз айттырып келмеклик,
Қызды
күйеў
ге бермеклик. (kuyew – son-in-law)
…
Ҳаялым
менен ойласып, [1;30] (hayalım – a wife)
…Алғаныңның айтатуғын арзы бар,
Душпанларға кетер болды
қулыным
[1;31].
Əне, султаны Мəспатша ярын сағынып отыр еди. Жеңгелерине:
Бийкешиңди алып келеғой, - деди [3;17].
Therefore, we tried to describe national linguistical worldview concepts in our language in
the form of men and woman, combining lexemes thematically-semantically, and present their
cognitive model.
But when it comes to English culture, there can not be found their paraphrased words even
their closer meanings are not existed. To show that, mother-in-law, father-in-law, sister-in-law,
brother-in-law. As English culture reflects Western values such as individualism, innovation,
pragmatism.
Language encodes a nation’s cultural heritage, beliefs, and worldview. For English nation,
this is evident in vocabulary: Words like “freedom” and “liberty” emphasize the cultural importance
of individual rights in English-speaking nations. To illustrate this, sayings like "
time is money"
reflect the cultural emphasis on efficiency and productivity in capitalist societies.
Lost time is never
found again.
This means that once time has passed, it cannot be recovered. It emphasizes the
importance of making the most of every moment, as wasted time is gone forever.
Time is the most
valuable thing a man can spend.
This saying highlights that time is more precious than money or
material possessions. While money can be earned again, time is finite, making it the most
significant resource one can invest in something meaningful.
Better three hours too soon than a
minute too late.
This emphasizes the value of punctuality and preparedness. It is better to be early
and ready than to arrive late, as tardiness can lead to missed opportunities or show a lack of respect
for others' time. Additionally, English people are claimed to be punctual; they hate being late.
Liberty means responsibility. That is why most men dread it.
This means that true freedom comes
with the burden of accountability for one’s action. English nation can not tolerate to happen with
them unfair action and go on a strike if something is unsatisfying them.
Regarding for pragmatism and innovation, English has a vast vocabulary for technology and
innovation, shaped by industrial and technological revolutions [2;701]. The English language often
adopts and simplifies terms to ensure they are functional and easy to use. For example,
"smartphone" combines two straightforward, descriptive words—"smart" and "phone"—to denote
an advanced mobile device. The name is clear and directly serves its purpose without unnecessary
complexity. English frequently creates entirely new terms or adapts old ones to describe emerging
concepts, such as "cloud computing," "crowdsourcing," or "streaming." These terms reflect not only
technological progress but also the practical need for concise, universally understood vocabulary in
a globalized world.
In summary, the national linguistic worldview in English-speaking nations reflects a
dynamic interplay between language, culture, and global influence. While English conveys distinct
national identities, its role as a global language fosters a shared, multifaceted worldview that adapts
to and integrates diverse cultural realities. Linguistics helps uncover these layers, revealing how
language both reflects and shapes the ways people perceive and interact with the world.
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