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pedagoglar.org
71-son 3 –to’plam May 2025
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STANDARDS OF TEXTUALITY
Jizzax Branch of National University
of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
Master’s Degree student
Asilbek Nazarov
Key Words:
textuality, cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability,
informativity, situationality, intertextuality, discourse analysis, text linguistics
Annotation:
This article explores the concept of textuality through the lens of the
seven standards proposed by Beaugrande and Dressler: cohesion, coherence, intentionality,
acceptability, informativity, situationality, and intertextuality. It examines how each
standard contributes to the formation of a communicative and meaningful text,
emphasizing their interdependence in ensuring textual well-formedness and
communicative success. The study also addresses the application of these standards in
various types of texts and their implications for discourse analysis, language teaching, and
automated text processing. Special attention is given to the dynamic nature of these
standards in different communicative contexts. The concept plays a pivotal role in
understanding how texts are constructed, interpreted, and function within a given context.
At its core, textuality involves the organization, structure, and meaning of a text, which
can be explored through linguistic, cultural, and pragmatic lenses. Discourse, on the other
hand, represents the use of language in communication, especially in social and
institutional settings. It transcends individual sentences to encompass larger structures of
meaning, context, and social practices.The standards of textuality are central to both the
creation and interpretation of any text. They reflect the underlying principles that govern
how a text should be structured and understood. The most influential theory on textuality
comes from the work of linguists and semioticians such as Tzvetan Todorov, Roland
Ustozlar uchun
pedagoglar.org
71-son 3 –to’plam May 2025
Sahifa: 54
Barthes, and Mikhail Bakhtin. These scholars have identified several features that are
essential to textuality.
Coherence is the ability of a text to make sense as a whole. This standard suggests
that a text's individual parts must fit together logically and meaningfully. Coherence is not
merely about grammatical correctness; it requires a shared understanding between the text
and its reader. This means that the text must convey clear messages and maintain continuity
in terms of its argument, narrative, or theme. Cohesion refers to the structural connections
between different elements within a text. It includes the use of linguistic devices such as
pronouns, conjunctions, and other connectors that ensure that different parts of the text are
linked. These devices help to maintain the flow of thought, ensuring that sentences and
paragraphs are not isolated from each other. Without cohesion, a text would be fragmented
and difficult to understand. Intentionality involves the writer’s purpose and the text’s
intended impact on the audience. Every text is written with a specific aim, whether it is to
inform, persuade, entertain, or instruct. A clear sense of intentionality guides the writer in
constructing their argument or narrative, and it helps the reader discern the purpose behind
the text. A text’s acceptability depends on its ability to be understood within the cultural
and social norms of its audience. What is acceptable in one cultural context may not be in
another. This standard requires the writer to consider the background, knowledge, and
values of the intended audience in order to ensure that the message is effectively received.
Situationality is concerned with the context in which the text is produced and received.
This includes factors such as the time, place, and purpose of the communication. A text's
relevance and meaning can vary depending on the situation in which it is embedded, and
this understanding is crucial for interpreting its content. Intertextuality refers to the
relationship between texts and how they influence or refer to each other. Every text is
shaped by and interacts with other texts, whether directly or indirectly. This
interconnectedness allows for richer meaning-making, as readers draw on their knowledge
of other works when interpreting a new text. Discourse and textuality are intricately linked,
but they operate at different levels of analysis. Textuality focuses on the internal structure
of a text, whereas discourse refers to the broader use of language within society. Textuality
can be seen as a component of discourse, as the way a text is constructed can influence its
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71-son 3 –to’plam May 2025
Sahifa: 55
role in a particular discourse. For example, academic discourse follows specific textual
standards, such as clarity and evidence-based arguments, while literary discourse may
focus on narrative techniques and aesthetic qualities. The standards of textuality provide a
framework for understanding how texts function and how they are interpreted. Coherence,
cohesion, intentionality, acceptability, situationality, and intertextuality are essential
elements that contribute to the meaning-making process in texts. Textuality and discourse
are interconnected, and an understanding of both is essential for analyzing how texts
communicate within different social and cultural contexts.
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar
1. Barthes, Roland. *Writing Degree Zero*. 1953.
2. Bakhtin, Mikhail. *The Dialogic Imagination*. 1981.
3. Todorov, Tzvetan. *The Poetics of Prose*. 1977.
4. Chouliaraki, Lilie, and Norman Fairclough. *Discourse in Late Modernity:
Rethinking Critical Discourse Analysis*. 1999.
5. Fairclough, Norman. *Language and Power*. 1989.
6. Halliday, M.A.K., and Ruqaiya Hasan. *Cohesion in English*. 1976.
7. Hodge, Robert, and Gunther Kress. *Social Semiotics*. 1988.
8. Kristeva, Julia. *Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art*.
1980.
9. Laclau, Ernesto, and Chantal Mouffe. *Hegemony and Socialist Strategy*. 1985.
10. Van Dijk, Teun A. *Discourse and Knowledge: A Sociocognitive Approach*.
2008.
